・10・ 2005年3月 油气田环境保护 热点专题 实现安全环保无隐患管理的基本原则 马廷雷 (辽河石油勘探局质量安全环保部环保科) 摘 要 为了贯彻环境保护基本国策及落实安全第一的生产方针,各企业应该推行ISO14001/OSH/HSE体系管理制度,保障生产设施性能符合HSE管理体系的要求,弘扬企业文化,建设学习型组织,完善事故应急救援预案,推进战略决策型基层组织建设。
真正做到“关爱生命、关注环境、关心公众”,实现安全环保无隐患管理。
关键词 企业 安全生产 环境保护 管理体系0 引 言 安全生产、环境保护是人类生存和社会发展过程中永恒的主题。
面对企业错综复杂的安全生产、环境保护管理工作,如何贯彻环境保护基本国策,落实安全第一的生产方针,创造能源与环境的和谐,把保护环境、员工和社会公众的健康及生命财产安全作为公司的核心工作之一;坚持“以人为本”,充分体现“关爱生命、关注环境、关心公众”的中国石油集团经营理念,建设具有国际竞争力的跨国企业集团,实现安全环保无隐患管理,已成为企业安全环保管理干部的新课题。
1 推行体系管理 建立ISO14001/OSH/HSE管理体系,是规范企业的HSE(健康、安全、环境)管理行为,实现HSE工作的持续改进,削减生产过程中的风险,减少污染物产生,预防事故发生的科学管理手段,是对传统的HSE管理制度的有益补充和完善。
在建立实施ISO14001/OSH/HSE管理体系过程中,一是要有效解决ISO14001/OSH/HSE管理体系文件整合,是体系顺利实施的重要保障。
通过深入学习贯彻集团公司《关于贯彻ISO14000环境管理系列标准的实施意见》和《关于ISO14001体系与HSE管理体系整合技术规范规定》,把企业的整个管理对象看成一个有机整体,加强ISO14001/OSH/HSE体系知识的培训,结合各单位生产实际,做好体系文件的整合工作,建立起合理的、科学和系统的ISO14001/OSH/HSE管理体系,并有效地运行;二是通过实施ISO14001/OSH/HSE体系管理,对本企业生产过程中存在的不安全隐患、环境风险和职业健康危害进行识别和评价,并制定技术措施、管理措施、安全环境管理方案、“两书一表”(作业计划书、作业指导书、现场检查表),控制安全环境因素,指导生产,削减生产工程中的安全环境风险;三是加强组织领导,落实HSE责任制。
实现安全生产、保护环境、保障员工健康是企业必须履行的法律责任,要按照ISO14001/OSH/HSE管理体系和《环境保护法》、《安全生产法》、《职业病防治法》及其它有关HSE的法律、法规规定,明确各级领导、各职能部门的HSE职责,规范企业HSE工作程序,落实各单位行政正职、项目经理为HSE第一责任者制度,任命HSE管理代表。
制定《HSE责任制考核细则》,对各级领导、各职能部门履行HSE责任制情况定期考核;四是加强监督检查,完善监督约束机制,把体系实施落实到行动中。
设置HSE监督,加强对生产施工作业现场的监控。
2 保障生产设施符合HSE要求 生产设备、生产工艺直接决定着企业安全生产和环境保护状况,先进的技术装备、有良好技术性能,能有效保证企业实现安全生产、减少污染物产生、保障岗位员工健康,预防突发事故发生。
企业要加大保障安全环保所需资金的投入,通过开展生产技术装备的安全评价、清洁生产论证,加快安全性能差、环境污染重及危害职工健康的落后工艺、技术、设备淘汰,提高企业抗风险能力。
在新建设项目、引进设备、改进生产工艺中坚持安全环保一票否决制度,杜绝新的安全环保隐患产生。
推广应用安全环保设施和个人防护用 热点专题 油气田环境保护 第15卷・第1期 ・11・˙具,在生产过程和服务中减少污染物的产生和对环境的不利影响,降低施工中的安全风险,预防事故发生。
3 弘扬企业文化 中国石油工人在半个世纪的艰苦奋战中,形成了“三老四严”和“四个一样”的优良传统。
重温这些老传统,努力实现企业的各级管理干部和岗位员工都能当老实人、说老实话、办老实事,在工作中严格要求、严密组织、严肃态度、严明纪律,在生产中自觉地严格执行操作规程和HSE作业指导书规定,做到领导在和不在干活一样、有人检查和没人检查干活一样,教育基层管理者和岗位员工自觉遵守企业的规章制度,严格按照操作规程施工,使企业的HSE管理由实施监督检查的员工被动式遵守企业规章制度、执行操作规程变为一种主动的自觉行为。
4 建设学习型组织 安全环保知识的学习是建设学习型企业的核心内容之一,企业在组织安全环保学习中,应做到针对性强、层次分明、与生产实际紧密结合。
对企业的领导者,要开展企业安全生产观、环境保护观、安全环保相关法规及标准、危机管理的学习;单位中、高层管理干部开展安全环保相关法规、标准及岗位职责学习;对安全环保管理干部开展相关法规及标准、ISO14001/OHS18000/HSE体系及审核知识、管理知识和技能及清洁生产审计知识的学习;对基层管理人员及岗位操作员工开展岗位操作技能和突发事件的应急技能的培训学习。
透过安全环保知识的学习,促进学习型企业的建立,增强企业的应变能力。
5 完善事故应急救援预案 建立事故应急救援预案,使企业在第一时间对难预料的突发事件做到有章可循,对事故应急救援工作起到积极有效的作用。
事故应急救援预案的制定要与本单位的生产相结合。
生产各环节可能发生的重特大安全生产、环境污染事故,可能造成周边地区人员及财产危害,本着本单位自救与社会援救相结合的原则,确定应对突发重特大事故的救援所需物资,依托本单位及社会应急救援力量及事故应急监测机构;建立发生突发事故时的报告制度、事故应急救援指挥系统、事故抢险救援的组织;确立危险区的划定及隔离警戒措施、人群的撤离疏散、环境应急监测的组织、社会应急救援力量、环境污染的紧急处理、环境的恢复及与周边市县的预警机制等。
应急救援预案应分级控制、明确责任。
要加强应急救援预案的演练,做到各级指挥者、生产现场的操作者、应急救援人员人人能够熟练掌握,一旦发生险情或事故,能够冷静应对,及时作出正确反应,妥善处理。
6 推进战略决策型基层组织建设 在高风险作业的企业中,安全事故、环境污染、人员伤害等难以预测的突发事件随时有发生的可能,企业要不及时控制事态发展,就难免陷入危急之中。
命系第一时间,现场管理者、岗位操作工是突发事件的最佳应急者,在事故发生的第一时间对能否做出正确的反应,采取有效的措施,事故的结果是天差地别。
因此现场管理者的心理准备和面对紧急情况的正确反应及决策,岗位操作员工的正确应急操作,对降低事故危害、减少事故损失至关重要。
在吸取“12.23”事故上,四川局采取了每口井开钻前和打开油气层前作业井队停产,对井队长、技术员进行培训。
通过推进战略决策型基层组织建设,增强现场管理者的心理准备,提高现场管理者的生产组织、应急决策和救助他人的能力。
这首先要通过选拔业务技术水平高、管理能力强,具有高度责任感和事业心,工作作风严谨、认真负责的人员,充实基层管理队伍;其次是加强基层管理人员的素质和综合决策能力培训,使他们了解危机管理,懂得应急决策,正确组织生产,熟悉突发事件的应急救援程序及应采取的控制措施,从而提高企业的抗风险能力。
参 考 文 献 [1] 累乐成等.安全员工作务实.北京:工人出版社 [2] 陆愈实等.企业安全管理务实.北京:人民日报出版社,2001,1 [4] 曲格平.能源环境可持续发展研究.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003 [5] 邵铁民.HSE管理一体化管理新思维.天然气与石油,1999(4) [6] GB/T19000 管理模式在环境监测管理体系中的应用.石油工业技术监督,1999(10) [7] 钱易,唐孝炎.环境保护与可持续发展.北京:高等教育出版社,2000,7 (收稿日期 2004-10-16) (编辑 李 娟)・58・ Vol.15 No.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL & GAS FIELDS ABSTRACT ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONOF OIL & GAS FIELDSVol. 15 No.1 2005 Tot. No. 54ABSTRACTSuper Fund System for Environmental Protection in America(1)Jiang Li(Department of Applied Chemistry of Jiangsu Teachers College of Technology) ABSTRACT The super fund system for American environmental protection is introduced. The experiences and defects of the system in the course of implement are discussed. Some beneficial references will be provided by this system in the perfection of the environment legal system of China. KEY WORDS United States; super found; legal system; environmental protection Selection and Shell Frame of Evaluation Systemfor Sustainable Development of Enterprises(4) Tang Zhihe1 Zhang Tianzhu1 Zhou Aiguo2(1.Department of Environment Sciences and Engineering, Tsinghua University; 2. Department of Quality, Safety and Environmental Protection, CNPC) ABSTRACT The index system for sustainable development of enterprises should be determined while scientifically making the category decision. The definition and selection criteria of index system and principles of evaluation index for sustainable development of enterprises are described. The pressure- state-response model and construction frames for different levels of enterprise are presented. The index system for sustainable development of enterprises includes five classes.KEY WORDS enterprises; sustainable development; evaluation system; index system model Management Integration of Quality, Health, Safetyand Environment for Enterprises(8)Dong Xiaofang1 Xu Chengzhong2 Qin Xiantao3(1. China University of Petroleum at Huadong; 2.Engineering Construction Company, Limited, Shengli Oil Field) ABSTRACT The basic factors, principles and requests for three systems of quality, environment and health-safety-environment management are introduced in this paper. The similarities and differences of the three management systems are contrasted. The possibilities and advantages of the management integration of above systems are presented. The management integration benefits to the enterprises in management of quality, health and environment.KEY WORDS enterprise; quality; safety; environment; health; integrative management systemsBasic Principles for Realizing Hidden Danger Management in Safetyand Environmental Protection(10) Ma Tinglei(Department of Safety and Environment Protection, Liaohe Petroleum Exploration Bureau) ABSTRACT In order to carry out the policy of environmental protection and the production principle of safety first, the enterprises should implement ISO 14001/OSH/HSE management system to guarantee the production equipments agreeable to the requirements of HSE system. In addition, the emergency measures should be made in all ABSTRACT ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL & GAS FIELDS Vol.15 No.1 ・59・enterprises for realizing the hidden danger management in safety and environmental protection. KEY W ARDS enterprises; safety production; environmental protection; management systemApplication of Flocculants to Sewage Disposal in Gas Field(12)Lei Bin1 Jiang Li1 Zhan Yan2(1.Environmental Monitoring Centre of Chongqing Gas Field; 2.Department of Environment Engineering, Wuhan Biological Engineering School ) ABSTRACT Polymer aluminum chloride and polyacrylamide are used to treat the wastewater produced in Chongqing Gas Field. The applied effectiveness shows that the two kinds of flocculants can be combined to treat the wastewater of gas field. The treated wastewater can agree the reinjection standard. Some problems for improving the application results are discussed. KEY WORDS Chongqing Gas Field; water-produced disposal; flocculants; polyacrylamide; polymer aluminum chloride Selection and Application of Reagent for Gas-Field Water Treatment(15)Zhong Chaoqian Hou Mei Yang Jing Tu Shanbin(Chongqing Gas Field in South-West Oil-Gas Field Company) ABSTRACT It is necessary to select the proper chemical reagent in the treatment of gas-field water. Aiming at the quality of gas-field water in Chuandong area, some flocculants are evaluated and experimented in laboratory. The results show that the inorganic flocculants TSY4-1 has better property and proper price among five flocculants. The organic flocculants TSY4-2 can be taken as organic flotation reagent according to its treating effect and price. The application of selected flocculants in two wells of Chuandong Gas Field shows that the combined formulation of chemical reagent can meet the requirement of produced-water treatment in Chuandong Gas Field. KEY WORDS Chuandong Gas Field; water treatment; chemical reagent; flocculants; experimental study Study on Ecological Hydraulic Structure Protection in Jingbian-Linfen Area withSoak-to-Erosion Loess Tableland for West-to-East Gas Transmission Project(18)Hao Shiying1 Li Xingchun2 ChenHongkun2(1.Changqing Construction Engineering Corporation; 2.Environmental Engineering Technique Center of CNPC) ABSTRACT In the loess area from Jingbian to Linfen for West-to-East gas transmission pipeline passed, the terrain is fragmentary, and the loess is loose and mainly made up of flour particles. The anti-erosion ability of the loess is poor. The rainfall in this area is always rainstorm. The floods caused by rainstorms are fierce and rapid. The ecological environment in this area is flimsy. The ecologic system may be broken down in the case that vegetation is destroyed. According to the situation of West-to-East gas transmission project and the conditions of this area, the ecological hydraulic structure protection technique was applied in this area. The application results show that this technique can obtain the same effectiveness as the traditional hydraulic structure protection technology. The ecologic system can be restored basically after completing the construction of pipelines and ecological hydraulic structure protection engineering. KEY WORDS West-to-East gas transmission project; soak-to-erosion loess tableland; ecological hydraulic structure protection technology; environmental protectionApplication of A/O T echnique to Oily Wastewater Biochemical Treatment(21)Hao Chaolei Xuan Meiju Song Youwen Jin Liansheng Jia W anjin(Department of Safety and Environmental Protection, Jidong Oil Field Company) ABSTRACT The basic principle, process parameters of anaerobic (A/O) technique are discussed in this paper.。