句子成分结构分析一、主语、谓语说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分。

1.①Class ②begins at eight.2.①The teachers ②are having a meeting.3.At five o’clock,①they ②left.4.①Put up your hand if you ②have any questions.5.①Smoking ②does harm to your health.6.①There is ②a pen on the desk.7.①Who ②teaches you maths,Xiao Hua?8.①This story ②happened in London.9.①The rich ②should help the poor.10.This weekend,①some of us ②are going to have a picnic with the teachers.组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。

根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。

只要含有主语和谓语的语言片段就构成句子,这是英语的一大特点。

1.主语(Subject):主语是句子的主体部分,是说明的对象,是动作的执行者或发出者。

主语通常由名词、代词以及动词-ing形式等充当。

例如:The students are listening to me carefully.They want to learn English well.But learning English well isn’t easy,of course,not very difficult.同学们在认真听我讲课。

他们想学好英语,但是,学好英语并不容易,当然,也不很难。

2.谓语(Predicate):谓语用来说明主语的状态或行为动作。

由于谓语部分在英语中的形式多种多样,不同于汉语中的谓语,要准确无误地灵活运用英语,就必须攻克谓语关。

(1)简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

例如:He practises running every morning. 他每天早上练习跑步。

(2)复合谓语:①由情态动词、be动词或其他助动词加动词原形或动词的其他形式构成。

例如:You may keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可借两周。

The students are playing basketball. 学生们在打篮球。

②由系动词加表语构成。

例如:We are students. 我们是学生。

Ⅰ.指出下列句子中的主语和谓语(画线部分)1.①He ②has become more and more interested in English.2.①The living ②should go on with his work.3.①He ②practises speaking English every morning.4.①The child ②has been brought up by his grandmother.5.①To see ②is to believe.6.①It ②is necessary ③to help him out.7.①He ②looked after the children carefully.8.①Four plus Four ②is eight.9.①He ②can speak English very well.10.①Playing football in the street ②is dangerous.二、宾语、表语说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分。

1.They visited an exhibition yesterday.2.The heavy rain prevented ①me from ②arriving at school on time.3.How many ①dictionaries do you have?I have ②five.4.I enjoy listening to popular music.5.She looks unhappy today.6.He often went hungry in the past.7.His job is to teach English.8.Time is ①up.The class is ②over.9.He remained in poor health all those years.10.These apples taste sweet.1.宾语(Object):宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词(短语)和介词后面。

例如:He is going to buy a dictionary. 他打算买本字典。

We should learn from him.我们应向他学习。

宾语种类:(1)双宾语:间接宾语+直接宾语,间接宾语一般指人,直接宾语一般指物。

例如:Lend me your dictionary,please. 把你的词典借给我用一用。

(2)复合宾语:宾语+宾补。

例如:They elected him their monitor. 他们选他为班长。

2.表语(Predicative):表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。

表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句充当。

例如:Our teacher of English is an American. 我们的英语老师是美国人。

Is it yours? 那是你的吗?The weather has turned cold. 天气已变冷。

Ⅰ.指出下列句子中的宾语和表语(画线部分)1.His job is to train swimmers.2.He seems interested in the plan.3.He handed ①me ②the newspaper.4.The war was over.5.The window is broken.三、定语、状语、补语说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分。

1.China is a ①developing country,while America is a ②developed country.2.He is reading an article about how to learn English.3.The boy ①who is shouting there is ②her brother.4.Light travels most quickly.5.He has lived in the city for ten years.6.He goes to school by bus.7.①In order to catch up with the others,I must work ②harder.8.Don’t leave the window open.9.I heard him go out.10.His father named him Dong Ming.1.定语(Attribute):定语起修饰限制名词或代词的作用,可分为前置定语和后置定语。

一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充当。

Dalian is a beautiful city. 大连是一个美丽的城市。

Is there any difference between spoken English and written English?英语口语和书面语之间有什么不同吗?I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多作业要做。

2.状语(Adverbial):状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征。

可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等。

I’m very pleased to see you. 见到你我非常高兴。

I’ll be back in a while. 我一会就回来。

We go home twice a month. 我们每月回家两次。

3.宾语补足语(Object Complement):英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾补。

宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词或介词(短语)等充当。

例如:They painted their boat white. 他们把船涂成白色。

Let the fresh air in. 让新鲜空气进来。

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 你绝不可强迫他借钱给你。

We saw her entering the room. 我们见她进入房间。

We found everything in the lab in good order. 我们发现实验室里的东西都井然有序。

Ⅰ.指出下列句中的定语、状语和宾语补足语(画线部分)1.He is a lovely boy.2.There are ①many women teachers in ②our school.3.①Our monitor is always the first ②to enter the classroom.4.He is playing ①there ②happily.5.I shall go ①there ②if it doesn’t rain.6.The story happened in Beijing.7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.8.His coming late made his teacher unhappy.9.Please keep the dog out.10.When he woke up,he found himself under the bed.答案:1.①主语②谓语 2.①主语②谓语 3.①主语②谓语 4.①谓语②谓语 5.①主语②谓语 6.①谓语②主语7.①主语②谓语8.①主语②谓语9.①主语②谓语10.①主语②谓语答案:1.①主语②谓语 2.①主语②谓语 3.①主语②谓语 4.①主语②谓语 5.①主语②谓语 6.①形式主语②谓语③真正主语7.①主语②谓语8.①主语②谓语9.①主语②谓语10.①主语②谓语答案:1.宾语 2.①宾语②宾语 3.①宾语②宾语 4.宾语 5.表语 6.表语7.表语8.①表语②表语9.表语10.表语答案:1.表语 2.表语 3.①间接宾语②直接宾语 4.表语 5.表语答案:1.①定语②定语 2.定语 3.①定语②定语 4.状语 5.状语 6.状语7.①状语②状语8.宾补9.宾补10.宾补答案:1.定语 2.①定语②定语 3.①定语②定语 4.①状语②状语 5.①状语②状语 6.状语7.状语8.宾补9.宾补10.宾补。