b-毗喘pyridine 巴比妥酸:barbituric acid 比电导conductance 不规则的:irregular 崩解剂disintegrantC--萃取extraction 成团:ogglomerotion 测量仪measurement 肠液:intestinol fluid d-胆固醇cholestero 对映体:enontiomer 电极electrode 代谢:metobolism f-反相渗透reverse osmosis 分布:dispositiong-构象：conformotion 固化:solidize卜-甲苯toluene 静脉注:introvenous injection 挤压:compress聚集:aggregate 胶囊capsuleI一粒子:particle 立体选择性:stereoselectivity 利用率:availability灭菌产品sterile products n—粘合剂odhesiveP—偏振光:polarized light 片剂tablet 酉己剂elixir 排泄:excretionq一起女台原料starting materials(raw materials) q 醛aldehyde「一溶解度:solubility 乳剂emulsion 润滑剂lubricants-释放:release 渗液solution 生物膜:biologic membrane 生物碱okoloid, t…糖浆syrup 甜味剂sweetenerw-丸剂pill 微生物microorganism 胃液:gastric fluid 稳定态:steady-statex-・旋光异构现象:optical isomerism 悬浮液suspension 香味剂flavor 稀释剂diluent 形状:shape 吸收absorption 消除:eliminationy-胰岛素insulin 压片:tablet compressionz-中间体intermediote 重结晶recrystallization 左旋:levorotation蒸徭distillation 组织tissuea-asymmetric carb on 不对称碳absorption 吸收action 动作odhesive 粘合剂c-contamination 污染chirality:手性compress 压缩composite 合成的compressibility:可压缩性compaction:压紧contaminotion specialize 特殊污染conductivity 电导率control控制clinical:临床的d- design:设计dry:干燥delivery:传送e-巳xtgnd:延长epoxide:环氧化物f- formulation:$ij 剂fluidity:流动性function:功能g- geometric isomerism:几何异构h- hormone 激素hydrolysis diastereoisomer:水解非对映异构体heterogeneous catalyst 多相催化剂，i- irrigating 冲洗m- metabolite代谢物medication药物治疗medicine内服药mill:研磨measure 尺寸mix:混合microorganisms 微生物o- ophthalmic 眼药p- polysaccharide 多糖peptide 肽plosmo 血浆penicillin 青霉素，precursor:前体partition coefficient:狭义分配系数pharmaceutical 制药的parenteral 注射药物pycogens 热源procedure:程序q- quality 性质quantity 数量s- steroid 笛类steric effect:空间效应stereoselectivity:^体选择性screening:过筛sustain :维持t-- treo t 治疗therapy:治疗u-uniformity 目标v-vaccine 疫苗Unitl P71、Answer the following questions:(1) How mony groups can pharmaceutical agents be split into depending on theirproduction or origin?©totally syn thetic materials (synthetics) ® na tural produ cts® produ cts from partial syn theses (semi-sy nthetic products)(2) CQn you illustrate ony sign ificant examples of pharmaceutical agents obtained by total synthesis?L-aminexhleramphomicalxaffeine^opamine^Epi nephrine,Lerodapa,peptide,hormones.Prestaglandi ng, P_Pouricollamine z Vincamine,(3) What is the difference between the synthetic drugs and traditional Chinese herbal medicine?synthetic drugs include the most import ant of synthetics and semi-sythetic products, however, natural products are frequently needed as starting materials or intermediates for important synthetic products.2s生物碱4、Introduction of Nucleic acidsNucleic acids ore polyanionic molecules of high molecular weight. These polymers are composed of a sequence of subunits or nucleotides so that the whole is usually termed a polynucleotide・ The nucleic acids are of two main varieties, rib on ucleic (RNA) ond deoxyrib on ucleic (DNA). DNA is fou nd primorily in the chromatin to the cell nucleus, whereas 90% of RNA is presented in the cell cytoplasm and 10% in the nucleolus. The two classes of nucleic acids are distinguished primary on basis of the five-carbon atom sugar of pentose present. Two general kinds of bases are found in all nucleic acids. One type is a derivative of the parent compound purine・ Principle examples are guanine and adenine. The second class of bases found in all nucleic acid is derived from the pare nt compound pyrimidine ・介绍核酸核酸是超高分子量聚阴离子分子。
这些聚合物组成，亚基或核昔酸，使整个通常称为多核昔酸序列。
核酸有两种，主要品种核糖核酸(RNA)和脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的。
DNA 是主要存在于细胞核内的染色质，而90%的RNA在细胞质现在和10%的核仁。
核酸类的两个主要的区别在于对目前的五个戊糖碳原子的糖基础。
一般两个种基地发现,在所有核酸。
—类是母体化合物瞟吟的衍生物。
原理是鸟瞟吟和腺瞟吟的例子。
在所有发现核酸碱基第二类是来自母体化合物嚅唳。
Unit2 P231、Answer the following questions:(1) What is quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of pharmacologic agents?quantitative descriptions of physical properties of compounds and the response of the biological system under consideration.(2) How mony steric factors influence on the pharmacologic activity? Three major headings.(l)Optical ond Geometric Isomerism and PharmacologicActivity.(2)Confrontationol Isomerism and Pharmacologic Activity.(3)Isomerism ond Pharmacologic Activity.(3) Why do enantiomophric pairs (optical isomers) exhibit different biological activities? differenee in biologic activity may be due to a difference in the distribution of the isomers or to a differenee in the properties of the drug-receptor combination of less them the optimal number of binding groups is suitably located for binding.2、静脉注射4、The finding of a novel drug molecule is a long, expensive, and tortuous process with no guarantee of success. Clearly, out of the almost in finite number of possible compounds, only a finite(few, smcill) number can ever be selected for testing within a given time and the skill of medicinQl chemist is in deciding which of those compounds to make first. Of course, there is then the major problem of how to synthesize them! In order to make that decision, the mass of biological data produced for compounds already tested needs to be analyzed in such a way that features which are important for the biological activity/activities can be identified and then for future molecules. The goal of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) is to find predicative effect between quantitative descriptions of physical properties of compounds and the response of the biological system under consideration. Hopefully the resulting QSAR will lead to an definition of the molecular features/properties most important in derterming activity, and guide the research of biological activity within the compound series.发现了新的药物分子是一个长期的，昂贵的，曲折的过程没有成功的保证。