Part1 & 2-33000--8000 First humans cross into Americas from Asia, by boat or by seafloor of Bering bay when Ice age.-5000 Corn is developed as a staple crop in highland Mexico-4000 First civilized societies develop in the Middle East-1200 Corn planting reaches present-day American Southwest 使社会由游牧向定居发展1000 Norse voyagers discover and briefly settle in northeastern North America Corn cultivation reaches Midwest and southeastern Atlantic seaboard1100 Height of Mississippian settlement at Cahokia1100-1300 Christian crusades arouse European interest in the East, but Muslim exacted a heavy toll.1295 Marco Polo returns to Europe1400s late Spain becomes united1488 Díaz rounds southern tip of Africa1492 Columbus lands in the Bahamas1494 Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal1498 Da Gama reaches India Cabot explores northeastern coast of North America for England1500s late Iroquois Confederacy founded, according 1500s to Iroquois legend1513 Balboa claims all lands touched by the Pacific Ocean for Spain 1513, 1521 Ponce de León explores Florida1517 Martin Luther begins Protestant Reformation1530s British King Henry 8 BROKE WITH catholic church and start protestant reformation.1519-1521 Cortés conquers Mexico for Spain1522 Magellan's vessel completes circumnavigation of the world 1524 Verrazano explores eastern seaboard of North America for France1532 Pizarro crushes Incas1534 Cartier journeys up the St. Lawrence River1536 John Calvin of Geneva publishes Institutes of the Christian Religion1539-1542 De Soto explores the Southeast and discovers the Mississippi River1540-1542 Coronado explores present-day Southwest1542 Cabrillo explores California coast for Spain1558 Elizabeth I becomes queen of England1565 Spanish build fortress at St. Augustine1565-1590 English crush Irish uprising1577 Drake circumnavigates the globe1572 French launched to Canada, get along well with Indians, not well with Iroquois.1585 Raleigh founds ―lost colony‖ at Roanoke, but vanished mysteriously1588 England defeats Spanish Armada1598 Edict of Nantes (法国宗教特赦令)1598-1609 Spanish under Oñate conquer Pueblo peoples of Rio Grande valley1600 England becomes overcrowded, 颁布 primogeniture1603 James I becomes king of England1604 Spain and England sign peace treaty1607 Virginia colony founded at Jamestown （Virginia Company, 和Powhatan女儿Pocahahtan结姻）1608 Champlain colonizes Quebec for France1609 Spanish found New Mexico1612 Rolfe perfects tobacco culture in Virginia1614 First Anglo-Powhatan War ends (新governor派兵, against Indians)1619 First Africans arrive in Jamestown Virginia House of Burgesses established1619 First Africans arrive in Virginia1620 Pilgrims sail on the Mayflower to Plymouth Bay(本来与Virginia co谈判，在之下管辖), they are called squatters. Before disembark, mayflower compact.1621 First Thanksgiving day in New England1624 Dutch found New Netherland (Hudson River)1624 Virginia becomes royal colony1625 Population of English colonies in America about 2,0001629 Charles I dismisses Parliament and persecutes Puritans 1629 Non-separations, chartered, Massachusetts Bay Co.1630 Puritans found Massachusetts Bay Colony, freeman=adult, faithful, male.1634 Maryland colony founded1635-1636 Anne Hutchinson无神论,Roger Williams convicted of heresy and founds Rhode Island colony(chartered in 1644)1635-1638 Connecticut and New Haven colonies founded1636 Harvard College founded1637 Pequot War1638 Anne Hutchinson banished from Massachusetts colony 1639 Connecticut's Fundamental Orders drafted1640s Large-scale slave-labor system established in English West Indies1642-1648 English Civil War1643 Louis XIV becomes king of France1643 New England Confederation formed1644 Second Anglo-Powhatan War1649 Act of Toleration in Maryland Charles I beheaded; Cromwell rules England1650 First Navigation Laws to control colonial commerce1650 William Bradford completes Of Plymouth Plantation1655 New Netherland conquers New Sweden1660 Charles II restored to English throne1661 Barbados slave code adopted1662 Half-Way Covenant for Congregational Church membership established1664 England seizes New Netherland from Dutch East and West Jersey colonies founded1670 Carolina colony created1670 Virginia assembly disfranchises landless freeman1675-1676 King Philip's War1676 Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia1680 Popé's Rebellion in New Mexico1680s French expedition down Mississippi River under La Salle, get along well with Indians, not well with Iroquois.1680s Mass expansion of slavery in colonies1681 William Penn founds Pennsylvania colony (holy experiment, liberal ideas in government)1682 La Salle explores Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico 1686 Royal authority creates Dominion of New England1688-1689 Glorious Revolution overthrows Stuarts and Dominion of New England1689-1691 Leisler's Rebellion in New York1689-1697 King William's War (War of the League of Augsburg) 1692 Salem witch trials in Massachusetts1693 College of William and Mary founded1696 Board of Trade assumes governance of colonies1698 Royal African Company slave trade monopoly ended1700 Population of English colonies in America about 250,000 1700s First Shaker communities formed1701 Yale College founded1702-1713 Queen Anne's War (War of Spanish Succession)1713 British win French and Spanish, peace treaty, British also win trading rights in Spanish America1711-1713 Tuscarora War in North Carolina1712 New York City slave revolt1712 North Carolina formally separates from South Carolina1715-1716 Yamasee War in South Carolina1718 French found New Orleans1721 Smallpox inoculation introduced1730s-1740s The Great Awaking1732 First edition of Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanack1733 Georgia colony founded1734 Jonathan Edwards begins Great Awakening1734-1735 Zenger free-press trial in New York1738 George Whitefield spreads Great Awakening1739 South Carolina slave revolt1739 War of Jenkins's Ear (British vs. Spanish, Georgia) (Leads to king George’s war)1744-1747 King George's War (War of Austrian Succession)1746 Princeton College founded1750 Industrial Revolution begins in Britain1754 Washington battles French on frontier Albany Congress 1754-1763 Seven Years' War (French and Indian War<French + Spanish vs. British >)1755 Braddock's defeat1757 Pitt emerges as leader of British government1759 Battle of Quebec1760 Britain vetoes South Carolina anti–slave trade measures 1763 Peace of Paris Pontiac's uprising Proclamation of 17631763 Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) ends1764 Paxton Boys march on Philadelphia Brown College founded 1764 Sugar Act (First Tax from London)1765 Quartering Act Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress1766 Declaratory Act1766 Rutgers College founded1767 Townshend Acts New York legislature suspended by Parliament1768 British troops occupy Boston1768-1771 Regulator protests1769 Dartmouth College founded1769 Serra founds first California mission, at San Diego1770 Boston Massacre All Townshend Acts except tea tax repealed 1772 Committees of correspondence formed1773 British East India Company granted tea monopoly Governor Hutchinson's actions provoke Boston Tea Party1774 ―Intolerable Acts‖ Quebec Act First Continental Congress The Association boycotts British goods1774 First Continental Congress calls for abolition of slave trade, name G. Washington general1775 Battles of Lexington (minute men) and Concord1775 Second Continental Congress Americans capture British garrisons at Ticonderoga and Crown Point Battle of Bunker Hill King George III formally proclaims colonies in rebellion Failed invasion of Canada. 1.continental army 2.print money, but soon worthless 3.creat government office 4.draft articles of independence. 5. Urge British king a second time to consider colonial grievances 6.Oliver branch, list peace petition.1775 Philadelphia Quakers found world's first antislavery society 1776 New Jersey constitution temporarily gives women the vote 1776 Paine's Common Sense, Declaration of Independence, Battle of Trenton(1,华盛顿胜利)1777 Articles of Confederation adopted by Second Continental Congress1777 Battle of Brandywine Battle of Germantown Battle of Saratoga(2,阻止分裂新英格兰企图，打败最强军队)1778 Formation of French-American alliance Battle of Monmouth 1778-1779 Clark's victories in the West1780 Massachusetts adopts first constitution drafted in convention and ratified by popular vote1781 Articles of Confederation put into effect1781 Battle of King's Mountain Battle of Cowpens Greene leads Carolina campaign French and Americans force Cornwallis to surrender at Yorktown(3)1782 North's ministry collapses in Britain1783 Military officers form Society of the Cincinnati1783 Treaty of Paris1784 Treaty of Fort Stanwix1785 Land Ordinance of 1785(测量划分土地方办法)1786 Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom1786 Shays's Rebellion (west Massachusetts)1786 Meeting of five states to discuss revision of the Articles of Confederation1787 Northwest Ordinance(5000,60000,西北地区奴隶永久非法)1787Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia (Virginian Plan, population; New Jersey plan, state)1788 Ratification by nine states guarantees a new governmentunder the Constitution1789 Constitution formally put into effect Judiciary Act of 17891789 Washington elected president1789 French Revolution begins (America choose to be neutral, feudalist vs. democratic)1789 Hamilton, Bank.1790 First official census1791 Bill of Rights adopted Vermont becomes fourteenth state Bank of the United States created Excise tax passed1791 Samuel Slater builds first U.S. textile factory1792 Washington reelected president (1793)1792-1793 Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties formed 1793 Eli Whitney invents cotton gin1793 Louis XVI beheaded; radical phase of French Revolution France declares war on Britain and Spain1793 Washington's Neutrality Proclamation, Citizen Genêt affair 1794 Thomas Paine publishes The Age of Reason1794 Whiskey Rebellion Battle of Fallen Timbers1794 Jay's Treaty with Britain (泄密,谈判使英国船只在美国河流自由航行，对未来美国船只不再赔偿)1795 Treaty of Greenville: Indians cede Ohio1795 Pinckney's Treaty with Spain (密西西比流域航运自由, 华盛顿职业巅峰)1795 University of North Carolina founded1796 Washington's Farewell Address1797 Adams becomes president1797XYZ Affair1798 Alien and Sedition Acts1798 Whitney develops interchangeable parts for muskets1798-1799 Virginia and Kentucky resolutions1798-1800 Undeclared war with France1800 Convention of 1800: peace with France1800 Jefferson defeats Adams for presidency1800 Second Great Awakening begins1801 Judiciary Act of 18011801-1805 Naval war with Tripoli1802 Revised naturalization law Judiciary Act of 1801 repealed1803 Marbury v. Madison, midnight judge1803 Louisiana Purchase1804 Jefferson reelected president Impeachment of Justice Chase1804-1806 Lewis and Clark expedition1805 Peace treaty with Tripoli1805-1807 Pike's explorations1806 Burr treason trial1807 Chesapeake affair Embargo Act1807 Robert Fulton's first steamboat Embargo spurs American manufacturing1808 Madison elected president1809 Non-Intercourse Act replaces Embargo Act1810 Fletcher v. Peck ruling asserts right of the Supreme Court to invalidate state laws deemed unconstitutional1810 Macon's Bill No. 2 Napoleon announces (falsely) repeal of blockade decrees Madison reestablishes nonimportation against Britain1811 Battle of Tippecanoe1811 Cumberland Road construction begins1812 Madison reelected president1812 United States declares war on Britain1812-1813 American invasions of Canada fail1813 Battle of the Thames Battle of Lake Erie1814 Battle of Plattsburgh1814 British burn Washington1814 Battle of Horseshoe Bend1814 Treaty of Ghent signed ending War of 1812 (英国归还占领土地，确立美国加拿大边界)1814-1815 Hartford Convention1815 Battle of New Orleans1816 Second Bank of the United States (3) founded Protectionist 1816 Tariff of 1816 (1)1816 Monroe elected president1817 Erie Canal construction begins (2) (123, American System) 1817 Madison vetoes Calhoun's Bonus Bill Rush-Bagot agreement limits naval armament on Great Lakes1818 Treaty of 1818 with Britain (加拿大共享渔业)1818 Jackson invades Florida1819 Jefferson founds University of Virginia1819 Panic of 18191819 Spain cedes Florida to United States1819 McCulloch v. Maryland Dartmouth College v. Woodward1820 Missouri Compromise Missouri and Maine admitted to Union Land Act of 1820 Monroe reelected1821 Cohens v. Virginia1821 Cooper publishes The Spy, his first successful novel Emma Willard establishes Troy (New York) Female Seminary1822 Vesey slave conspiracy in Charleston, South Carolina1823 Mexico opens Texas to American settlers, (墨西哥独立)1823 Secretary Adams proposes Monroe Doctrine (noncolonization & nonintervention)1824 Lack of electoral majority for presidency throws election into the House of Representatives1824 Russo-American Treaty of 1824 Gibbons v. Ogden1825 Erie Canal completed1825 House elects John Quincy Adams (son of John Adams) president1825 New Harmony commune established1825-1850 Tax-supported public education started1826 American Temperance Society founded1828 First railroad in United States1828 Noah Webster publishes dictionary American Peace Society founded1828 Tariff of 1828 (―Tariff of Abominations‖ )1828 Jackson elected president(民主党) vs Clay(共和党), The South Carolina Exposition published1830 Indian Removal Act (Jackson 种族主义)1830 Joseph Smith founds Mormon Church Godey's Lady's Book first published1830-1831 Finney conducts revivals in eastern cities1830s Cyrus McCormick invents mechanical mower-reaper1832 ―Bank War‖—Jackson vetoes bill to recharter Bank of the United States1832 Tariff of 1832 (南卡反对，形成无效党)1832 Black Hawk War1832 Jackson defeats Clay for presidency1832-1833 South Carolina nullification crisis1833 Compromise Tariff of 1833(逐步降低税率)1833 Jackson removes federal deposits from Bank of the United States1834 Anti-Catholic riot in Boston1834 Anti-monastic, nullifies, national-democratic, 形成Whig 1835 Lyceum movement flourishes1836 Bank of the United States expires Specie Circular issued Bureau of Indian Affairs established Battle of the Alamo Battle of San Jacinto1836 Texas wins independence from Mexico1836 Van Buren elected president（Jackson傀儡）1837 John Deere develops steel plow1837 Oberlin College admits female students Mary Lyon establishes Mount Holyoke Seminary Emerson delivers ―The American Scholar‖ address1837 Seminole Indians defeated and eventually removed from Florida United States recognizes Texas republic but refuses annexation Panic of 18371838-1839 Cherokee Indians removed on ―Trail of Tears‖1840 Independent treasury established1840 Harrison defeats Van Buren for presidency1840 President Van Buren establishes ten-hour day for federal employees1840 竞选形成两党系统1841 Brook Farm commune established1842 Massachusetts declares labor unions legal in Commonwealth v. Hunt1843 Dorothea Dix petitions Massachusetts legislature on behalf of the insane1843-1868 Era of clipper ships1844 Samuel Morse invents telegraph Anti-Catholic riot in Philadelphia1845-1849 Potato famine in Ireland1846 Elias Howe invents sewing machine1846-1847 Mormon migration to Utah1848 First general incorporation laws in New York1948 Democratic revolutions collapse in Germany1848 Seneca Falls Woman's Rights Convention held Oneida Community established1849 American, or Know-Nothing, party formed1850 Hawthorne publishes The Scarlet Letter1851 Melville publishes Moby Dick Maine passes first law prohibiting liquor1852 Cumberland Road completed1855 Whitman publishes Leaves of Grass1858 Cyrus Field lays first transatlantic cable1860 Pony Express established1861 First transcontinental telegraph1866 Permanent transatlantic cable establishedPart 31793 Whitney’s cotton gin transforms southern economy1800 Gabriel slave rebellion in Virginia1808 Congress outlaws slave trade1817 American Colonization Society formed1820 Missouri Compromise1822 Republic of Liberia established in Africa1822 Vesey slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina1829 Walker publishes Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion in Virginia Garrison begins publishing The Liberator1831- Virginia legislature debates slavery and 1832 emancipation 1833 American Anti-Slavery Society founded1833 British abolish slavery in West Indies1834 Abolitionist students expelled from Lane Theological Seminary1835 ―Broadcloth Mob‖ attacks Garrison1835 U.S. Post Office orders destruction of abolitionist mail1836 House of Representatives passes ―Gag Resolution‖1837 Canadian rebellion and Caroline incident1837 Mob kills abolitionist Lovejoy in Alton, Illinois1839 Weld publishes American Slavery as It Is1840 Antislavery Liberty party organized1841 Harrison dies after four weeks in office Tyler assumes presidency1842 Aroostook War over Maine boundary Webster-Ashburton treaty1844 Polk defeats Clay in ―Manifest Destiny‖ election1844 Caleb Cushing signs Treaty of Wanghia with China1845 United States annexes Texas1845 Douglass publishes Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (a escaped slave)1846 Walker Tariff Independent treasury restored1846 Kearny takes Santa Fe Frémont conquers California Wilmot Proviso passes House of Representatives1846 United States and Mexico clash over Texas boundary1846 United States settles Oregon dispute with Britain1846-1848 Mexican War1847 Battle of Buena Vista Scott takes Mexico City1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican War1848 Free Soil party organized1848 Taylor defeats Cass and Van Buren for presidency1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalg1849 California gold rush1850 Fillmore assumes presidency after Taylor’s death1850 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty with Britain1850 Compromise of 1850, including Fugitive Slave Law1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle 1857 To m’s Cabin 1852 Pierce defeats Scott for presidency1853 Gadsden Purchase from Mexico1854 Commodore Perry opens Japan Ostend Manifesto proposes seizure of Cuba Kansas-Nebraska Act Republican party organized 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act Republican party forms1856 Buchanan defeats Frémont and Fillmore for presidency 1856 William Walker becomes president of Nicaragua and legalizes slavery1856-1860 Civil war in ―bleeding Kansas‖1857 Hinton R. Helper publishes The Impending1857 Crisis of the South1857 Dred Scott decision Lecompton Constitution rejected1857 Panic of 18571857 Tariff of 18571858 Lincoln-Douglas debates1859 Brown’s Pottawatomie Massacre1859 Sumner beaten by Brooks in Senate chamber1860 Brown raids Harpers Ferry1860 Crittenden Compromise fail1860 Lincoln wins four-way race for presidency1860 South Carolina secedes from the Union1861 Confederate government formed1861 First Battle of Bull Run1861 Fort Sumter fired upon (April 12)1861 Four upper South states secede (April–June)1861 Lincoln suspends writ of habeas corpus1861 Lincoln takes office (March 4)1861 Morrill Tariff Act passed1861 Seven seceding states form Confederate States of America 1861 Trent affair1862 Confederacy enacts conscription Homestead Act1862 Grant takes Fort Henry and Fort Donelson1862 Naval battle of the Merrimack (the Virginia) and the Monitor1862 Battle of Antietam1862 Battle of Fredericksburg1862 Battle of Shiloh1862 McClellan’s Peninsula Campaign1862 Northern army seizes New Orleans1862 Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation1862 Second Battle of Bull Run1862 Seven Days’ Battles1862-1864 Alabama raids Northern shipping1863 Final Emancipation Proclamation Chronology1863 Lincoln announces ―10 percent‖1863 Battle of Chancellorsville1863 Battle of Gettysburg1863 Fall of Port Hudson1863 Fall of Vicksburg1863 National Banking System established1863 Union enacts conscription New York City draft riots1863-1864 Napoleon III installs Archduke Maximilian as emperor of Mexico1864 Lincoln vetoes Wade-Davis Bill1864 United States purchases Alaska from Russia1864 Alabama sunk by Union warship1864 Battle of Cold Harbor1864 Grant’s Wilderness Campaign1864 Lincoln defeats McClellan for presidency1864 Reconstruction Act1864 Sherman’s march through Georgia1864 Tenure of Office Act1865 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox1865 Congress refuses to seat Southern congressmen1865 Fifteenth Amendment ratified1865 Freedmen’s Bureau e stablished1865 Hampton Roads Conference1865 Johnson issues Reconstruction proclamation1865 Lincoln assassinated1865 Lincoln assassinated1865 Southern states pass Black Codes1865 Thirteenth Amendment ratified1866 Congress passes Civil Rights Bill over Johnson’s veto1866 Congress passes Fourteenth Amendment1866 Ex parte Milligan case1866 Johnson-backed candidates lose congressional election 1866 Ku Klux Klan founded1867 Reconstruction plan1868 Johnson impeached and acquitted 1868 Johnson pardons Confederate leaders 1870-1871 Force Acts1872 Freedmen’s Bureau ended1877 Reconstruction ends。