中国文化特色词语英译（一）宗教及传统文化拜年: pay a New Year call财运: luck in making money 江南水乡: the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 禅宗: Chan Sect/Zen Sect 出家人: ascetic 祠堂:memorial temple 倒春寒：an unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring 道教：Taoism 道士：Taoist priest 法师：Master 方丈：Buddhist abbot 佛教：Buddhism 恭喜发财：May you be prosperous 和尚：Buddhism monk 华表：ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele 红包：red envelope containing money as a gift; bribe/kickback（贬义用法）华盖：canopy 回教：Islam 慧根：the organ of wisdom 甲骨文：inscriptions on oracle bones 戒律：precept/discipline 金刚经：Diamond Sutra 京剧票友：Perking Opera fan 京剧人物脸谱：types of facial make-up in Perking Opera/Perking Opera masks 旧教/天主教：Catholicism 坎儿井：karez 喇嘛：Lama 老字号：an old and famous shop/enterprise 尼姑：Buddhism nun 涅槃：Nirvana 旗袍：cheongsam 三藏经：Tripitaka 三教（儒、释、道）：Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism 时运：luck/fortune 四大皆空：all space directions being void 新教，耶稣教：Protestantism 真人：Taoism pure man 族人：clansman 坐禅：sitting in meditation（二）名胜古迹阿里山：Ali Mountain 碑林：Forest of Steles 兵马俑：the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses 布达拉宫：Potala Palace 长春观：Changchun Taoism Temple 承德避暑山庄：Chengde Mountain Resort /the Imperial Mountain Summer Resort 大屿山：Lantau Island 大运河：Grand Canal 滇池：Dianci Lake 都江堰：Dujiangyan Weir 二七纪念馆：February 7 Memorial Hall 鼓浪屿：Gulang yu Islet/Gulang yu Island 归元寺：Guiyuan Buddhist Temple 龟山：Tortoise Hill 华清池：Huaqing Hot Spring 黄鹤楼：Yellow Crane Tower 居庸关：Juyongguan Pass 橘子洲：Orange Island 孔庙/夫子庙：the Temple of Confucius 坤宁宫：Palace of Earthly Tranquility 乐山大佛：Leshan Giant Buddha 灵隐寺：Temple of Soul’s Retreat 龙门石窟：Longmen Grottoes 芦笛岩：Reed Flute Cave 毛主席纪念堂：Chairman Mao Memorial Hall 莫高窟：Mogao Grotto in Dunhuang 蓬莱阁：Penglai Pavilion 人民大会堂：the Great Hall of the People 人民英雄纪念碑：Monument of the People’s Heroes 日月潭：Sun Moon Lake 三峡：the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River/ the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River 少林寺：Shaolin Temple/ Shaolin Monastery 蛇山：Snake Hill 狮子林：Lion Grove 十三陵：the Ming Tombs 石林：Stone Forest 苏州园林：Suzhou Gardens/the Gardens of Suzhou 太和殿：Hall of Supreme Harmony 太湖：Lake Taihu 天安门广场：Tian An Men Square 天坛：the Temple of Heaven 外滩：the Bund 武侯祠：Temple Dedicated to the Memory of Zhuge Liang 西湖：the West Lake 象鼻山：Elephant Trunk Hill 养心殿：Hall of Mental Cultivation 颐和园（夏宫）：the Imperial Garden /the Summer Palace 雍和宫：Yonghegong Lamasery 雨花台：the Terrace of the Raining Flowers 玉渊潭公园：Jade Abyss Pool Park 豫园（上海城隍庙）：Yuyuan Garden/Shanghai’s Town God’s Temple 岳阳楼：Yueyang Tower 中山陵：Dr. Sun Yet-sen’s Mausoleum 紫金山天文台：Purple Hills Observatory紫竹院公园：Purple Bamboo Court Park（三）二十四节气二十四节气：the twenty-four solar terms 立春：the Beginning of Spring (1st solar term) 雨水：Rain Water(2nd solar term) 惊蛰：the Walking of Insects(3rd solar term) 春分：the Spring Equinox(4th solar term) 清明：Pure Brightness(5th solar term) 谷雨：Grain Rain(6th solar term) 立夏：the Beginning of Summer(7th solar term) 小满：Grain Full(8th solar term) 芒种：Grain in Ear(9th solar term) 夏至：the summer solstice（10th solar term）小暑：Slight Heat(11th solar term) 大暑：Great Heat(12th solar system) 立秋：the Beginning of Autumn(13th solar term) 处暑：the Limit of Heat(14th solar term) 白露：White Dew(15th solar term) 秋分：the Autumnal Equinox(16th solar term) 寒露：Cold Dew(17th solar term) 霜降：Frost’s Descent(18th solar term) 立冬：the Beginning of Winter(19th solar term) 小雪：Lesser Snow(20th solar term) 大雪：Greater Snow(21st solar term) 冬至：the Winter Solstice(22nd solar term) 小寒：Lesser Cold(23rd solar term) 大寒：Greater Cold(24th solar term)（四）政治经济活动“达标”活动: “target hitting” activities “豆腐渣”工程：jerry-built project “一条龙服务”:coordinated-process service 安居工程：housing project for low-income families 按劳分配：distribution according to o ne’s performance 把各项政策落到实处：truly put all policies into effect 把握正确的舆论导向：to properly guide the public opinion 把眼光放远一些：to subordinate immediate interests to the long-term ones/to be farsighted/to have a broad view 把已经确定的方针政策措施落到实处：to get the set principles, policies and measures implemented 百花齐放、百家争鸣：Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend 百年不遇：once-in-a-century 摆门面：to put up an impressive front 半拉子工程：uncompleted project 包干到户：work contracted to households 保持和发展党的先进性：preserve and enhance/maintain and develop the Party’s vanguard nature 保重点，不撒胡椒面：Resources must be channeled to(or concentrated on) priority projects and not spread thinly(evenly) everywhere 本位主义：departmentalism 变相涨价：disguised inflation 拨乱反正：to set things right/to restore things to order 不搞一刀切：without imposing a single solution 不顾条件，一哄而起：to rush into action in disregard of objective conditions 不合理收费、集资和摊派：to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization 不正之风：unhealthy practice（tendency）不良风气：unhealthy ways and customs 部优产品：Ministry-recognized quality goods/products 财政困难县：financially strapped counties 菜篮子工程：the shopping basket project 参政议政意识：the awareness of the need to participate in the discussion and administration of state affairs 超计划生育：to have more children than what is planned/extra-plan babies 城市最低生活保障制度：the system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents 城乡居民最低生活保障制度：the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents 吃大锅饭：egalitarian prac tice of “everybody eating from the same big pot” 出口退税：export tax rebates 传销：pyramid selling/multi-level marketing 春运：（passenger）transportation during the Spring Festival 磁悬浮列车：maglev train (magnetically levitated train )/magnetic suspension 打白条：to issue IOUs 打假：to crack down on counterfeit goods 打捆带货：bundled loans 大路货：staple goods 大排档：sidewalk snack booth/large stall 大腕：top notch/a heavyweight 待业：job-waiting 单位：organizations and institutions 党风廉政建设：build a fine Party culture and keeps its organization clean 党群关系：Party-masses relationship 党性：one’s Party morale/Party spirit/Party character 倒爷：profiteer 第二职业：second employment/second occupation 第三产业：tertiary industry/service sector 对外宣传工作：to conduct public diplomacy programs 发展是硬道理：Development is of overriding importance 防洪工程：flood-prevention project 房管：real estate management 放宽市场准入：relax control over market entry/ease market access 扶贫：poverty alleviation 福利分房：welfare-oriented public housing distribution system 改革开放：reform and opening to the outside world 港人治港：Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong 高新技术产业开发区：high and new technological industry development zone 搞活国营大中型企业：to revitalize/invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 革命老根据地：the old revolutionary base areas 公费医疗：medical services at state expense 公款吃喝：banquet at public expenses 挂靠：to be attached or affiliated to/to be subordinated to 挂职：to take up provisional post in 官倒：official profiteering/official racketing 规范收入分配秩序：standardize pattern of income distribution 国家行政编制：government staff status 长期国库券：treasury bonds 国有大中型企业：large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 和平共处五项原则：the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平统一，一国两制的方针：the principles of peaceful reunification and “one country, two systems”/the policy of peaceful reunification and the principle of “one country, two systems” 和平演变：peaceful evolution towards capitalism 和谐发展的内涵：the characteristics of a harmonious society 黑店：gangster inn 黑社会：Mafia-style organizations; gangland 红筹股：red-chip shares/red chips 户口簿：residence booklet 户口管理制度：domicile system/residence registration system 户主：head of a household 灰色收入：income from moonlighting 火炬计划：Torch Program( a plan to develop new and high technology) 基本国情：fundamental realities of the country 基层民主：community-level democracy 集体主义：community spirit/collectivism 计划生育：family planning 加强基层民主：to expand democracy at village and community level 加强务实合作：to enhance cooperation in practical term 假日经济：holiday economy 坚持“一个中心、两个基本点”的基本路线：adhere to the Party’s basic line of taking economic development as the central task and upholding the four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy, known as “one central task and two basic points” 坚持两个文明一起抓：to ensure that efforts are made to build a society that is advocated both materially and culturally and ideologically 减员增效、下岗分流：to cut down the size of workforce for efficiency and get the layoff re-employed elsewhere 讲文明礼貌：to promote civilized behavior/civic manners 讲学习，讲政治，讲正气的党性党风教育：to educate the cadres in theParty spirit and style through the promotion of the three emphases on theoretical studies, political awareness and integrity 解放生产力：to emancipate the productive forces 解放思想：to free our mind 戒急用忍：to overcome impetuosity exercise patience/no haste/be patient 精简机构：to streamline government organs 精神文明建设：to promote cultural and ethical progress 纠风办：State Council Office for Rectification 纠正不正之风：to rectify unhealthy tendencies and malpractices 军转民：military conversion/conversion from military to civilian production 开展扫黄打非斗争：to eliminate/crack down on pornography and other illegal publications 康居工程：the Affordable Housing Project 科技是第一生产力：Science and technology constitute a primary productive force 科教兴国战略：the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education 科学民主决策：to make decisions scientifically and democratically 跨世纪工程：trans-century project 污损企业：enterprises running in the end/under deficit 廉政建设：construction of a clean government 龙头：to play a leading role in/to serve as a powerhouse 乱摊派：indiscriminate levies/arbitrary imposition of quotas 乱涨价：unauthorized price rise 民工：out-of-town laborer/rural laborer/migrant laborer 民族区域自治制度：the system of autonomy of ethnic regions 磨洋工：to dawdle along 南水北调工程：projects to divert water from the south to the north 农转非：agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status 普法教育：to enhance legal awareness 企业政策性破产：policy-mandated bankruptcy of enterprise 强国之路：the path to a strong China 勤俭强国：to build the country with industry and thrift 全民所有制：public ownership/public sector/publicly owned 权力下放：to delegate/decentralize power to the lower levels 三角债：debt chains 三通：direct links in postal service，air and shipping services and trade/three direct links ,mail and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits 三峡工程：Three Gorges Projects 三资企业：enterprises in the “three forms of ventures”: Sino-foreign joint ventures ,cooperative businesses and exclusively(wholly) foreign-owned enterprises 扫黄：anti-pornography drive/campaign against pornography 社会主义基本制度：the basic system of socialism 涉外婚姻：Chinese marriage with foreign nationals 生态补偿机制：ecological damage compensation mechanism 十年动乱：the ten chaotic years/the ten-year turmoil 十年规划和“八五”计划纲要：the guidelines of the Ten-Year Program and the Eighth Five-Year Plan 实事求是：to pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach 事业编制：staffing of government affiliated institutions 四有公民：citizens who have high ideals, moral integrity, a good education and a strong sense of discipline 脱贫：to shake off poverty 歪风邪气：unhealthy practices and evil phenomena 晚婚晚育：late marriage and postponement of childbearing 温饱问题：the problem of inadequate of inadequate food and clothing 五好家庭：five-virtue family 五讲四美三热爱：five stresses, four points of beauty and three aspects of love 五讲四美运动：the movement of “five stresses and four points of beauty”: to promote civility ,courtesy, tidiness, orderliness and integrity 下海：to take the plunge into private business 下硬功夫：to make intensive efforts 乡镇企业：townshipenterprise/rural enterprise 小康社会：a well-off society 小康生活;to lead a relatively comfortable life 小商品市场：smalls fair 信息高速公路：information （super）highway/info highway 星火计划：Spark Program 姓社姓资问题：distinction of what is socialism and what is capitalism 亚运村：Asian Games Village 严打：to crack down on crimes and social evils 严防死守：life-and-death defense 一刀切：sweeping approach/to impose uniformity on(e.g, all enterprises)/action in disregard of objective conditions 一国两制：one country, two systems 一切向钱看：money-mania/money-mad/to put money above anything else 依法治国: to rule the country in accordance with law 移风易俗：to transform outmoded habit and custom 以权谋私：to abuse power for personal gains 优生优育：to promote good prenatal and postnatal care/to improve prenatal and postnatal care 有经济头脑的人：commercially minded people/people with business sense 跃上新台阶：to reach a new high 宰人：rip-off 政企分开：to separate government functions from enterprise management 支农惠农政策：policies to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers 治理三乱：to put to a stop/eliminate indiscriminate fines, charges and levies 治理整顿：to improve the economic environment and rectify the economic order/economic improvement and rectification/economic retrenchment 中央：the national leadership/the central Party and government authorities/the central government 重点贫困县：designated poverty-stricken counties 重读建设：to build redundant project/duplication of similar projects 抓住经济建设这个中心：to commit ourselves to the central task of economic development 专业户：specialized household 自负盈亏：to be responsible for one’s own profit and loss 自留地：individual farm plots/private plots of land 走共同致富的道路：to take the road of common prosperity 遵纪守法：to observe discipline and abide by the law重要机构名称英译（一）学校各部门（大学）校医院：university hospital 保卫科：security section/office 财务处：finance section/office 基础部：basic training department 教材科：teaching material section/office 教务处：the dean’s office 教研室：teaching and research room 科研室：scientific research department 膳食科：catering section/office 外事处：foreign affairs office 学生科：student affairs section/office 学术委员会：academic committee 研究生院：graduate school 招生办公室：admission office 政教处：political education section/office 总务处：general affairs office（二）政党及组织九三学社：The Jiu San Society 台湾民主政治同盟：The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League 政治局：Political Bureau 中共中央对外联络部：International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee 中共中央统战部：United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee 中国共产主义青年团：Communist Youth League of China 中国国民党革命委员会：The Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomingtang 中国民主促进会：China Association for Promoting Democracy 中国民主建国会：ChinaDemocratic National Construction Association 中国民主同盟：The China Democratic League 中国农工民主党：Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party 中国致公党：China Zhi Gong Party 中央办公厅：General Office of the Central Committee 中央党校：Party School of the Central Committee; Central Party School 中央顾问委员会：Advisory Commission of the Central Committee 中央候补委员：Alternate Member of the Central Committee 中央纪律检查委员会：Discipline Inspection Commission of the Central Committee 中央军事委员会：Military Commission of the Central Committee 中央绿化委员会：Greening Commission of the Central Committee 中央书记处：Secretariat of the Central Committee 中央政法委员会：Commission of the Politics and Law of the Central Committee 中央政治局：Political Bureau of the Central Committee 中央政治局常务委员会：Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee 中央组织部：Organizing Department of the Central Committee（三）国务院所属各部、委、局兵器工业部：Ministry of Ordnance Industry 财政部：Ministry of Finance 城乡建设环境保护部：Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection 地质矿产部：Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources 电子工业部：Ministry of Electronic Industry 对外经济贸易部：Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade 对外贸易经济合作部：Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 纺织工业部：Ministry of Textile Industry 工商行政管理总局：General Bureau of Industrial and Commercial Administration 公安部：Ministry of Public Security 广播电影电视部：Ministry of Radio, Film and Television 国防部：Ministry of State Defense 国防科学技术工业委员会：the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for State Security 国家安全部：Ministry of State Security 国家标准总局：State Bureau of Standardization 国家测量制图局：State Bureau of Surveying and Cartography 国家档案局：State Archives Bureau 国家地震局：State Seismological Bureau 国家发展计划委员会：State Development Planning Commission 国家海洋局：State Oceanic Bureau 国家计量总局：State Bureau of Metrology 国家经济体制改革委员会：the State Commission for Restructuring Economic System 国家经济委员会：the State Economic Commission 国家民族事务委员会：the State Nationalities Affairs Commission 国家商品检验局：State Commodity Inspection Commission 国家水产总局：State Bureau of Aquatic Products 国家税务局：State Taxation Administration 国家体育运动委员会：the State Physical Culture and Sports Commission 国家统计局:State Statistical Bureau 国家物价局：State Bureau of Commodity Prices 国家新闻出版署：State Press and Publications Bureau 国内贸易部：Ministry of Internal Trade 国土局：Land and Resources Bureau 国土资源部：Ministry of Land and Natural Resources 国务院参事室：Office of Counselors to the State Council 国务院港澳办公室：Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office under the State Council 国务院侨务办公室：Overseas Chinese Affairs under the State Council 海关总署：General Administration of Customs 航天工业部：Ministry of Astronautics Industry 核工业部：Ministry of Nuclear Industry 华侨事务委员会：Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission 化学工业部：Ministry of Chemical Industry 机械工业部：Ministry of Machine-Building Industry 监察部：Ministry of Supervision 建设部：Ministry of Construction 交通部：Ministry of Communications 教育部：Ministry of Education 科学技术部：Ministry of Science and Technology 劳动和社会保障部：Ministry of Labor and Social Security 林业部：Ministry of Forestry 劳动人事部：Ministry of labor and Personnel Affairs 旅行游览总局：General Administration of Travel and Tourism 煤炭工业部：Ministry of Coal Industry 民政部：Ministry of Civil Affairs 农牧渔业部：Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery 轻工业部：Ministry of Light Industry 全国供销合作总社：All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing cooperatives 审计署：Auditing Administration 石油工业部：Ministry of Petroleum Industry 水利电力部：Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power 司法部：Ministry of Justice 铁道部：Ministry of Railways 外国专家局：Bureau of Foreign Experts Admission 外交部：Ministry of Foreign Affairs 文化部：Ministry is Culture 信息产业部：Ministry of Information Technology and Telecom Induastries 冶金工业部：Ministry of Metallurgocan 邮电部：Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications 宗教事务局：Bureau of Religious Affairs.（四）其他政府和群众组织中华全国妇女联合会：All-China Women’s Federation 中华全国工商联合会：All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce 中国残疾人协会：Chinese Association for Trade Unions 中国红十字会：Red Cross Society of China 全国人民代表大会：National peop le’s Congress 省人民代表大会：Provincial People’s Congress 地区人民代表大会：Prefectural People’s Congress 市人民代表大会：City People’s Congress 自治区人民代表大会：Autonomous Regional People’s Congress 中国人民政治协商会议：Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 最高人民法院：The Supreme People’s Court 中级人民法院：Intermediate People’s Court 中央法院：Central Court 地方法院：Local Court 人民检察院：People’s Procuratorate 中国民用航空局：Civil Aviation of China 中国民用航空总局：General Administration of Civil Aviation of China 中国文字改革委员会：Committee for Reforming the Chinese Written Language 中国中央电视台：China Central Television Station (CCTV) 中央气象局：Central Bureau of Meteorology 中国人民广播电台：Central People’s Broadcasting Station 中央文史研究馆：Central Research Institute of Culture and History 新华社：Xinhua News Agency 辞书出版社：Lexicographic Publishing House 古籍出版社：Classics Press/Ancient Books Publishing House 广播电视出版社：Broadcasting and Television Press 人民出版社：People’s Publishing House 商务印书馆：Commercial Press 少年儿童出版社：Juveniles and Children’s Publishing House 外文出版社：Foreign Languages Press 社会科学出版社：Social Science Publishing House 文艺出版社：Literature and Art Publishing House 译文出版社：Translation Publishing House 中国对外翻译出版公司：China Translation and Publishing Corporation .。