概述石油开发到一定阶段后，油层压力下降，油井停止自喷，因而采用机械采油方法继续开采。
世界各产油国都广泛应用有杆泵抽油的方法进行采油。
有杆泵抽油装置是由地面的抽油机、井下的抽油泵及抽油杆柱所组成。
抽油机是有杆泵采油装置的重要地面设备，是一种把动力机的连续圆周运动变成抽油杆柱及抽油泵柱塞的往复直线运动，从而将地下原油开采出来的机械设备。
所以说抽油机是有杆泵采油中十分重要的设备之一。
抽油机的种类较多，概括起来可分为以下几种：按有无游梁可分为游梁式抽油机和无梁式抽油机；按结构型式可分为常规型游梁式抽油机、前置型游梁抽油机、偏置型游梁抽油机和异相型游梁式抽油机。
本篇论文设计的便是CYJY10-4.2-70BH型异相型游梁式抽油机。
异相型游梁式抽油机的设计思路有三个方面：首先，扩大抽油机冲程长度以提高泵效。
异相型游粮式抽油机由于用变径圆弧形的后驴头代替了常规机的游梁后臂，游梁与横梁之间采用柔性件连接，使其主结构在常规机四杆机构的基础上发生了质的飞跃，而变成了“变参数四杆机构”。
这种特殊四杆结构工作时，其游梁后臂有效长度、连杆长度随其曲柄转角的变化而变化，不但改善了四杆机构的异型机工作中受“死角”制约的程度放宽，因而可以采用适当增大游梁摆角的方法来实现抽油机的长冲程；其次，改善平衡效果以降低能耗。
异相型游梁式抽油机是以常规机为基础模式，从改变抽油机的扭矩因数入手，通过改变抽油机的结构，实现“加强抽油机的平衡效果以降低净扭矩峰值和能耗；扩大抽油机的冲程以提高泵效和综合技术指标”；再次，能够满足不同粘度原油开采的需要。
异相型游梁式抽油机设计时，在考虑和优化“变参数四杆机构”动力特性、传动特性的同时，巧妙地考虑了悬点上下冲程所占用曲柄转角的问题，从而使异型机在曲柄正转时上冲程曲柄转角大于180°，曲柄反转时上冲程转角小于180°即靠改变曲柄的转向可实现“慢上快下”和“慢下快上”两种工作方式。
summaryOil development get sure stage, the reservoir pressure drops, the oil well stops blowing, adopt machinery recover the oil the method continue and is exploited. World produce oil national capital use andhave pole pump release method of oil recover the oil extensively each.Have pole pump to pump oil device by to pump oil machine, releasing oil pump and pump pole post of oil make up in the pit ground.Release oil machine have pole pump recover the oil the important ground equipment of the device , it is one that turn continuous circular motion of generator into and pump oil pole post and release oil pump to be that post fill to reciprocate rectilinear motion, thus the mechanical equipment exploiting the underground crude oil out. So say that there are pole pumps one of the very important equipment while recovering the oil to pump the oil machine.There is more kind of pumping oil machine can be divided into the following several kinds: According to visit roof beam can divide into person who visits roof beam release oil machine and have roof beam type release the oil machine; According to structure pattern can divide into routine visit roof beam pump oil of, the leading type to visit roof beam last oil, setovering type visit there aren't roof beam .Page this that thesis design to visit CYJY-4.2-70BH roof beam type release the oil machine different looks type.Different looks type visit roof beam type mentality of designing of releasing oil machine have 3: First of all, expand the length of stroke of the oil pumping machine in order to improve the pump result. Different looks type visit grain type pump oil machine because with horse head replace to visit arm after the roof beam routine machine behind turning into foot-path circular, visit roof beam and crossbeam adopt flexibility pieces of connection, make his main structure the qualitative leap has taken place on the basis of four organizations of the routine machine, and has turned into " turning into four organizations of parameter ". Such special four structure when working, it visit arm effective length, length of connecting rod vary with its crank of corners after the roof beam, Improve four abnormal shape machine of organization degree that work is limite by " dead angle" relax, Can adopt proper to increase and visit roof beam method to put angle realize the long stroke of the oil pumping machine; Secondly, improve the balance result in order to reduce energy consumption Different looks type visit roof beam type release oil machine to based on routine machine mode, from change torsion factor of oil releasing machine start with ,Through changing thestructure of the oil pumping machine, realize that " strengthens the balance result of the oil pumping machine in order to reduce the net torsion peak value and energy consumption; he stroke of expanding the oil pumping machine is in order to improve the pump result and prehensive technical indicator "; Moreover, can meet the need not exploited with the viscidity crude oil . When design the different looks type visit roof beam type pump oil machine, in consider and optimize while "turnning parameter into four organization " power characteristic, drive characteristic, consider and hang some about stroke crank issue of corner taken ingenious, so Go to the crank corner of the stroke to greater than 180 in the natural rotation of the crank in abnormal shape machine ,Crank pay stroke corner lighter than 180 when overturning ,namely by change transformation of crank can realize " slow to have and lay soon " and " slow to lay and go to soon " two kinds of working ways.目录1.前言--------------------------------------------2.原始数据----------------------------------------3.抽油机主要零件尺寸的设计计算---------------------4.运动学计算-----------------------------------------5.油机主要零件的强度校核--------------------------6.参考文献----------------------------------------第一部分前言1.抽油机的一般知识随着油田开发的推移，我国大多数油田都己进入开发的中后期,逐渐丧失自喷能力，基本上已从自喷转入机采。