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仪器分析习题解答第二版化学工业出版社

北京化工大学仪器分析习题解答董慧茹编2010年6月第二章 电化学分析法习题解答25. 解: pHs = 4.00 , Es = 0.209VpHx = pHs +059.0EsEx -(1) pHx 1 = 4.00 + 059.0209.0312.0- = 5.75(2) pHx 2 = 4.00 +059.0209.0088.0- = 1.95(3) pHx 3 = 4.00 +059.0209.0017.0-- = 0.1726. 解: [HA] = 0.01mol/L , E = 0.518V[A -] = 0.01mol/L , ΦSCE = 0.2438VE = ΦSCE - Φ2H+/H20.518 = 0.2438 - 0.059 lg[H +] [H +] =ka][][-A HA = 01.001.0k a0.518 = 0.2438 - 0.059 lg 01.001.0k alg k a = - 4.647ka= 2.25×10-527. 解: 2Ag + + CrO -24 = Ag 2CrO 4[Ag +]2 =][24-CrO KspAg CrO Ag SCE E /42φφ-= - 0.285 = 0.2438 - [0.799 +224)][lg(2059.0-CrO Ksp ] ][lg24-CrO Ksp = - 9.16 , ][24-CrO Ksp= 6.93×10-10 [CrO-24] = 10121093.6101.1--⨯⨯ = 1.59×10-3 (mol/L) 28. 解:pBr = 3 , a Br- = 10-3mol/L pCl = 1 , a Cl- = 10-1mol/L 百分误差 =----⨯Br Cl Cl Br a a K ,×100 = 3131010106---⨯⨯×100 = 60因为干扰离子Cl -的存在,使测定的a Br- 变为: a -Br = a -Br +K --Cl Br .×a -Cl = 10-3+6×10-3×10-1=1.6×10-3即a -Br 由10-3mol/L 变为1.6×10-3mol/L 相差3.0 - 2.8 = 0.2 pBr 单位29. 解:(1) 由pH ―V 图查得 V 终点 = 9.10ml由ΔpH/ΔV ―V 图查得 V 终点 = 9.10ml (2) 计算[HA][HA] =00.1010.91000.0⨯ = 0.09100 (mol/L)(3) 化学计量点的pH 值pH Δ2pH/ΔV 2 6.80 +42.5 9.10 -40.0pH 终点 = 6.80 + 0.405.428.61.9+-×42.5 = 7.9830. 解: R =G 1 = kθ R 1 =11G = 1k θ= 0630.00.20 ≈ 317(Ω)R 2 =21G = 2k θ = 750.00.20 = 26.7(Ω) 所对应的电阻值范围是26.7-317Ω。

31. 解:根据所给电阻值,求出电导值,具体如下:从右上图可得化学计量点时HCl 的体积为3.25ml3.25 × 1.00 = Cx × 100 Cx = 0.0325(mol/L )即溶液中NaOH 的浓度为0.0325 mol/L 。

32. 解: (1) ΦCd Cd /2+ = ΦθCdCd/2++ ]lg[2059.02+Cd = - 0.403 + ]0167.0lg[2059.0 = - 0.455(V )ΦAgAgCl/= ΦθAgAgCl/-0.059 lg[Cl-] = 0.222 -0.059 lg(0.0334)= 0.309(V)E池= 0.309 -(- 0.455)= 0.764 (V)(2) E外= 0.764 + iR= 0.764 + 0.0283 ×6.42= 0.946(V)33.解:(1) ∵ΦθAgAgBr/= 0.71 >ΦθAgAgI/= - 0.152且[Br-] = [I-] = 0.0500 mol/L显然I-应在电极上先沉积,Br-开始沉积的电极电位为:Φ2= ΦθAgAgBr/-0.059 lg[Br-] = 0.71 -0.059 lg[0.0500]= 0.148(V)[I-] = 1.00 ×106-mol/L 时的电极电位为:Φ1= ΦAgAgI/= ΦθAgAgI/- 0.059 lg[I-] = - 0.152 -0.059 lg[1.0×106-]= 0.202(V)对于阳极过程Φ1必须负于(小于)Φ2方可定量分离,而今Φ1>Φ2,故不能定量分离。

(2) 因为ΦθAgAgCl/= 0.222 >ΦθAgAgI/= - 0.152故I-先在电极上沉积,Cl- 开始沉积的电位为:Φ2=ΦAgCl/Ag = ΦθAgCl/Ag-0.059 lg[Cl-]= 0.222 -0.059 lg[0.0400] = 0.304(V)由(1)已求得Φ1 = 0.202 V,在Φ1(0.202V)和Φ2(0.304V)间任选一电位电解,I-和Cl-均可定量分离。

(3) 由上述计算可知I-和Cl-可定量分离,电极电位(相对于NHE)在Φ1 = 0.202 V和Φ2= 0.304 V之间,若把电极换算成相对于SCE,则Φ1′= Φ1-ΦSCE= 0.202 -0.2438 = - 0.0418(V)Φ2′= Φ2-ΦSCE= 0.304 -0.2438 = 0.0602(V)则应在- 0.0418 V至0.0602 V之间。

34.解:i= 607nD21m32τ61Cd= 607×2×(8.00×106-)21×(1.50)32×(4.00)61×4.00= 22.7(μA)35.解:(1)将测得的平均极限扩散电流进行空白校正后,以其为纵坐标,Cd+2浓度为横坐标,绘制工作曲线如下:i/ mmCd2+ / mmol/Ld0.20 6.500.50 16.501.00 33.00 1.50 49.502.00 65.50 2.5076.00由校正曲线查出,39.5mm 对应于1.20mmol/L, 即未知液中Cd 2+的浓度为1.20×10-3 mol/L(2) C X =XX S X XS S V h V V H h V C -+)(=.255.39)00.50.25(995.3900.50120.0⨯-+⨯⨯ = 1.20⨯10-3 (mol/L)(3) 取1.50mmol/L 进行计算5.4545.3950.1-⨯=X C = 1.20 (mmol/L) = 1.20⨯10-3 (mol/L)36. 解: 1 个CCl 4相当于1e , CCl 4的量为9648787.22 = 2.370×10-4(mol ) CCl 4的百分含量 = 1037.08.15310370.24⨯⨯-×100 = 35.1537. 解: 产生Ag + 的量为M W = nF it =9648719.590294.0⨯⨯ = 1.83×10-5(mol ) I - 的量也应为1.83×10-5molKI 的百分含量 = 58.71661083.15⨯⨯-×100 = 0.04038. 解: 有关的化学反应为2Br - = Br 2 + 2e3Br 2 +=+ 3H + + 3Br -Cu 2+ + e = Cu + Br 2 + 2Cu + = 2Br - + 2Cu 2+ 与苯胺反应消耗Br 2所需的电量为1.00×10-3×3.46×60 - 1.00×10-3×0.41×60 = 0.183(C )1个苯胺相当于3个Br 2,相当于6eW 笨胺 =FQ M 6苯胺 =964876183.01.93⨯⨯ = 29.4(μg )第三章 色谱分析法习题解答18. 解: n =5.54221⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛W t RH = nLn苯 = 5.542360012018.070⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛= 931 H 苯 =931200= 0.21(cm )n乙苯 = 5.542360012027.0115⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛= 1116.7 H 乙苯 =7.1116200 = 0.18(cm )n二甲苯 = 5.542360012037.0170⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛= 1299.5 H 二甲苯 =5.1299200 = 0.15(cm )19.解: (a ) R =⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-αα14eff n = ⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-82.1405.15182.1405.1544200 = 0.2473 (b )1.5 = ⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-αα14eff neff n =15.14-⨯ααeff n = 215.14⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-⨯αα= 20155.00155.16⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛⨯= 154525(块)21R R = 21L L2L = 212⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛R R ×1L = 22473.05.1⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛×1 =36.79(m ) 20. 解:(a) H=A Cu uB++ 0.64=A+91.0B+0.91C0.47=A+51.1B+1.51C0.43=A+3B+3C解得:B=0.48cm 2·sec -1C=0.07μS·sec -1 A=0.039cm (b) u opt =C B =0745.04802.0=2.54cm·sec -1H min =A+CBC CB B +=A+2BC=0.039+20745.048.0⨯ =0.42cmu (cm/s -1)H (cm)0.910.641.510.473.00.434.20.475.550.557.00.638.00.6921. 解: W i % =%100i ⨯⋅⋅∑iii F A F A W 空气 =%10036.13.4728.125005.177427845.474.0421484.043484.0434⨯⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯⨯ = 0.049χ100%= 4.9%同理:W 甲烷% = 27.0 % W CO % = 0.77 % W 乙烯% = 47.5 % W 乙烷%=3.45 %W 丙烯% = 13.66 % W 丙烷% = 2.75 % 22. 解:W i % =%100/⨯⋅⋅⋅样W A W F A s ss i i∵ F i/s =S 1 ∴ W i % =%1001⨯⋅⋅⋅样W A W S A s s i W 甲酸 =%100055.11331907.0261.018.14⨯⨯⨯⨯=7.70% W 乙酸= %100055.11331907.0562.016.72⨯⨯⨯⨯=17.56% W 丙酸=%100055.11331907.0938.0124.4⨯⨯⨯⨯=6.14%第四章 光谱分析法导论习题解答1. 解: υ= λC= 510100.21000.3⨯⨯ = 1.5×105 (s -1) T = υ1 = 5105.11⨯ =6.67×10-6 (s)2. 解: E = h λC= 710341025.01031063.6--⨯⨯⨯⨯ = 7.96×10-16 (J) 3. 解: E = h υ= 6.63 × 10-34 × 4.0 × 1015 = 2.65×10-18 (J) 4. 解: σ=)(1cm λ = 7105001-⨯ = 20000 (cm -1) 5. 解: E = hλC= hc σ= 6.63×10-34×3×1010×2.5×10-5 = 4.97×10-28(J)6. 解: E = h λC= 71034104001031063.6--⨯⨯⨯⨯ = 4.97×10-19 (J)7. 解: E = hc σσ= hc E =1034191031063.6100.5⨯⨯⨯⨯-- = 2.5×104(cm -1) 8. 解: ΔE = hλCλ= Ehc∆ = 181034100.61031063.6--⨯⨯⨯⨯= 3.32×10-6 (cm) = 33.2 (nm)第六章 原子吸收及原子荧光光谱法习题解答13. 解:б=()1--∑n A A ιD=()ml g AC /3μσ⨯ A = 0 б=0.001563 D =()ml g /0002442.00192.0001563.03001.0μ=⨯⨯14. 解:已知 A X =0.435V X =9 V V S =15V C S =100 μg / ml A m =0.835 A X =kC X A m =kSX SS X X V V C V C V ++()SS X X S XX SX S S X X Xm X C V C V V V C V V C V C V C A A ++=++= 解之得:C X =C S()XX S X m SX V A V V A V A -+=100()VV V V9435.0159835.015435.0⨯-+⨯=100()ml g /47.40125.16525.6μ=15. 解:C (μg/mL )A 0.00 0.080 0.04 0.132 0.080.185C X =)/(075.02025/06.0ml g mlmlml g μμ=⨯第七章紫外与可见分光光度法习题解答13. 解:能用紫外光谱区分(A)和(B)两个异构体,因为(A)的最大吸收峰波长为242 nm,而(B)为232 nm。

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