might+have+p.p.
would/could/should/ might +V.（原）
If I were a student, I would make
good use of the time . 表示与现在事实相反
If I had listened to the teacher carefully ,
的宾语 从句
现在 过去 未来
过去时（were） 过去完成时 would/could/ might+V. should
1. I wish I were a bird.（现在） 2. I wish I hadn’t made such a 3. mistake.（过去） 4.3. We wish our parents 5. wouldn’t punish us. 6.（将来）
与过去事实相反
5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing.
6. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.
与将来事实相反
1. 如果我现在有钱的话，我会尽力 2. 帮助这个贫穷的孩子。
I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.
She wishes she were still living with her grandmother.
（2）表示对过去情况的虚拟： 从句动词常用“had＋过去分 词”。（过去完成时）
He wishes he had not lost the chance.
2. If I were you, I would
give AIDS patient a hug.
与现在事实相反
3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake.
4. If he had been there, it wouldn’t have happened.
语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人 对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
陈述语气、
（the Indicative Mood）
英语中共有 祈使语气、 三种语气 （the Imperative Mood）
虚拟语气
（the Subjunctive Mood）
陈述语气用来陈述一个事实，或提
出一个想法，有肯定、否
定、疑问或感叹等形式。
语
气 祈使语气 用来表示请求、邀请、
的
命令、警告或劝告等。
种 类
虚拟语气 表示说话人的一种愿望、
建议、命令、要求、有
时是一种非真实的假设、
料想，或是不可能实现
的与事实相反的愿望。
1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气， 祈使语气和 虚拟语气。
2. 定义：
用来表示说的话不是 事实，或者是不可能 发生的情况，而是一 种愿望，建议，假设 的语气叫虚拟语气。
一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的用法。
条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
现在 Would/could/should/
过去时（were） might +V.（原）
过去 过去完成时
Would/could/should/
未来
Had done
1.过去时
2.should+V. 3. were to do
If I had some money, I would try to help the poor boy. 3. 2.如果我去过长城的话，我会做你的导游。 If I had been to the Great Wall,
I would have been a guide. 4. 3.如果明天下雨，我们将不去公园了。
2. Would rather that
现在： 过去时 过去： 过去完成时
未来： 过去时
I would rather you paid me now.
I would rather you had gone, too.
Байду номын сангаасDon’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.
as if (as though) 或 even if (even though) 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式 时，从句谓语形式为动词的过去 式(be用were)或 “had＋P.P”。
He treats me as if I were a stranger.
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.
If it rained tomorrow, we would not go to the park.
在动词wish后的宾语从句中， 表示与现在或过去的事实相 反，或对将来的主观愿望， 从句通常省略连词that。
（1）表示对现在情况的虚拟： 从句动词用过去式或
（be动词一般用were）。
I wish I knew the answer to the question.
I would have passed the exam. 表示与过去事实相反
If we had another 7-day holiday,
all of us would be more happier. 表示与将来事实相反
1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.
（3）表示对将来的主观愿望： 从句动词形式为“would＋动 词原形”。（过去将来时）
I wish you would come soon.
I wish it would stop raining.
二 虚拟语气特殊句型
1. wish
Japan lies to the east of China.
The fish is not alive without water.
Don’t be worry.
If he had been here, he would have agreed with me.
I wish I could fly.