第4讲Robots 语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.掌握各个时态的被动语态的结构与用法；2.能够熟练运用被动语态解题造句。

一. 含义与构成1. 被动语态表示句中的主语接受谓语动作，也就是说，主语是谓语动作的承受者。

谓语动词用作被动语态的句子叫做被动句。

2. 构成：be + 过去分词(be有时可用become 或get代替), be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。

3. 被动语态的各种时态形式有：一般时态：be + 过去分词English is spoken in many countries.Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare.Many believe that one day the earth will be destroyed if people do not learn to live in peace.进行时态：be + being + 过去分词His plan is being carried out successfully.The new curtains were being hung when the visitors showed up.The car will be being cleaned by my brother.完成时态：have + been + 过去分词I’ve been robbed.The outcome of the election was announced before all of the votes had been counted.Everything will have been done by the end of this month.二. 用法1. 强调动作的承受者：Frank was hit by a car.A new idea has been suggested.2. 说话者不知道动作的执行者，或者认为没有必要指出：This bridge was built in 1700.The house is being repaired.3. 说话者希望所说的内容显得更加客观，避免就一些自己不太肯定的事表态：此类通常为表示\"据说\"或\"相信\" 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成，如：It is said that…据说；It is reported that… 据报道；It is believed that…大家相信；It is hoped that…大家希望；It is well known that… 众所周知It is said that Japan’s industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.1. (2019北京)——Did you enjoy the party?——Yes,we___ by our hosts.A.were treatedB.would be treatedC.treatedD.had treated2. (2019重庆) In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.A.will have beenB. will beC. WasD. has been3. (2019天津) Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides.A. has been reachedB. was reachedC. will reachD. will have reached4. (2019四川) More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A. are being builtB. will be builtC. have been builtD. had been built5.(2019福建) To my delight, I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.A. was chosenB. was being chosenC. would chooseD. had chosen基础演练1. This coastal area _________ a national wildlife reserve last year.A. was namedB. namedC. is namedD. names2. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _________.A. is madeB. would makeC. was to be madeD. had made3. The church tower which _________ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.A. has restoredB. has been restoredC. is restoringD. is being restored4. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _________.A. are droppedB. dropC. are being droppedD. have dropped5. It is reported that many a new house _________ at present in the disaster area.A. are being builtB. were being builtC. was being builtD. is being built巩固提高6. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money –making jobs they _________ beforethey leaving their hometowns.A. promisedB. were promisedC. have promisedD. have been promised7. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _________ at the culture show of the 2019 Shanghai World Expo.A. are exhibitingB. is exhibitingC. are being exhibitingD. is being exhibiting8. You’ve failed to do what you _________ to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you.A. will expectB. will be expectedC. expectedD. were expected9. If city noises ____ from increasing, people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner.A. are not kept; will have toB. are not kept; haveC. do not keep; will have toD. do not keep; have to10. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.A. developedB. have developedC. are being developedD. will have been developed11. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off.--- Yes，it all depends on the weather.A. I've been toldB. I've toldC. I'm toldD. I told12. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.A. has completedB. completesC. has been completedD. is completed13. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in thenear future.A. cutB. are cutC. are being cutD. had been cut14. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designedD. would be designed15. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.A. breaksB. has brokenC. was brokenD. had been broken1. I should be very much like to have gone to the party, but I _________.A. am not invitedB. am not being invitedC. shall not be invitedD. was not invited2. ----How are things going?---- The disabled _________ no relatives in Guangzhou _________ by the volunteers, who will graduate from Zhongshan University next year.A. with; are taking care ofB. have; will be taken care ofC. with; are being taken care ofD. have; are being taken care of3. The attackers were arrested and didn’t know where they _________.A. would takeB. are takenC. were being takenD. will be taken4. People begin to know that most environmental problems exist because necessary measures for preventing them _________ in the past.A. are not takenB. were not takenC. hadn’t been takenD. wouldn’t be taken5. ----My car _________ twice this month.---- I’m sorry to hear that.A. has been broken inB. was broken inC. has been broken intoD. was broken into6. Our game of basketball _________. We had been playing for about half an hour when it started to rain heavily.A. has interruptedB. had interruptedC. was interruptedD. had been interrupted7. The princess and the Frog is a fairy musical that _________ the days when Walt Disney was a person, not a brand.A. was dated back toB. dates back toC. has been dating fromD. had dated from8. Linda, make sure the tables _________ before the guests arrive.A. be setB. setC. are setD. are setting9. The way the guests _________ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service..A. TreatedB. were treatedC. would treatD. would be treated10. During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _________ not to touch any unattended bag.A. had always been warnedB. were always being warnedC. are always warningD. always warned11. ----Why does the lake smell terrible?----Because large quantities of water _________.A. have pollutedB. is being pollutedC. has been pollutedD. have been polluted12. ----Hi, Tory, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?----Sorry. _________.A. It’s repairedB. It has been repairedC. It’s being repairedD. It had been repaired13. The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front _________ to arrive.A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected14. I like these English songs and they _________ many times on the radio.A. taughtB. have taughtC. are taughtD. have been taught15. I got caught in the rain and my suit _________.A.has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruinedD. had been ruined__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一.单项选择1. — Do you think he will come at this weekend?— ___________, because he has an important party to attend.A. I don't believeB. I don't believe itC. I believe not soD. I believe not2. She was so sad because she failed in the math test. Let's ______ her _______.A. leave … behindB. leave … aloneC. leave … asideD. leave … out3. They desired that they __________ the right to attend the meeting.A. hadB. haveC. areD. were4. Many applicants stood outside the manager's office, nervously waiting _________ for the job.A. to chooseB. being chosenC. choosingD. to be chosen5. It was at this shop _______ I bought my skirt. How about coming to my home to have a look tonight?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what6. People have been complaining about SK-II recently and think the advertisements always persuade people _________ the products which are not so good.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought7. He has been _______ for three weeks. We'd better find another person to fill his place.A. absentB. leftC. goneD. resigned8. His daughter has ___________ the young politician for five years.A. got married withB. been married toC. been married withD. got married to9. I am going to the post office. Do you have any letter _________?A. to be sentB. to sendC. sendingD. sent10. After a whole afternoon's heated discussion, they finally ________ to us what had been decided.A. toldB. declaredC. statedD. Made二. 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。