Chapter 1 The PopulationI 2 populous 3 race 4 origin 5 geographical distPrelisteningB 1 census ribution6 made up of7 comprises8 relatively progressively9 Metropolitan densely 10 decreased death rate11 birth rate increasing 12 life expectancyD 1 a 18.5 mill b 80% c 1/2 d 13.4 mill e 2: 10f 4%g 1990h 40%i 3/4j 33.1%2 a3 b 1 c 2 d 5 e 4II First ListeningST1 population by race and originST2 geographical distributionST3 age and sexIII PostlisteningA 1. People’s Republic of China, India2. 281 mill3. Hispanics(12.5%)4. Texas5. the South and the West6. 20%7. by more than 5 million8. about 6 years9. 2.2 years10. a decreasing birth rate and an increasing life expectancyChapter 2: Immigration: Past and Present PRELISTENINGB. Vocabulary and Key Conceptsimmigratednatural disasters/ droughts/ faminespersecutionsettlers/ colonistsstageswidespread unemploymentscarcityexpanding/ citizensfailuredecreaselimitedquotassteadilytrendskills/ unskilledD Notetaking PreparationDates: Teens and Tens18501951The 1840sFrom 1890 to 1930Between 1750 and 18501776188213291860From approximately 1830 to 1930Language Conventions: Countries and NationalitiesThe Scandinavian countries are Swed en, Norway, and Denmark. The Southern European countries are Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. The Eastern European countries are Russia and Poland.LISTENINGFirst ListeningMajor SubtopicsST1 the Great ImmigrationST2 reasons for the Great Immigration and why it endedST3 immigration situation in the United States todayPOSTLISTENINGA. Accuracy Checkcolonists or settl ersDutch, French, German, Scotch-Irish, BlacksThe third, 1890-1930Southern Europe and Eastern EuropeThe population doubled, there was wid espread unemployment, and there was a scarcity of farmlandfree land, plentiful jobs, and freed om from religious and political persecutionthe failure of the potato crop in Irelandlaws limiting immigration from certain area, the Great Depression, and World War ⅡThey are largely non-European.Industry d oesn’t need a large number of unskilled workers。

Chapter 3 American Trad emarksI B 1 statistics2 goods producing / service3 stricter / illegal4 per capita5 benefits / health insurance6 wages / workweek7 romanticize8 study / productive9 rising / opposite10 outproduce11 stressed12 matched13 stagnated14 CEOs / profits15 unions / favorD a 2 b 1 c 3 d 4Ⅱ A ST1 a historical look at work in America ST2 how U.S. workers are doing todayⅢ A 1 38%2 3%3 service industries4 19% in 1900; 60% in 19995 ＄4,200 in 1900; ＄33,700 in 19996 health insurance7 U.S. workers8 They are less stressed (more vacation weeks)9 No10 to CEOs, the stock market, and corporate profits Chapter 4 Family in the United StatesⅠ.PRELISTENINGB.Vocabulary and Key Concepts1.disintegrating2.domestic role3.nature/drastically4.sensitive barometer5.predominant configurationmitment/reverence7.conformity/genderck/liberation9.self-fulfillment10.cohabiting couples11.tripled/quadruppled12.decline/initial13.balance/individualism14.flexible/on-site15.mandate/allowancesD.Notetaking Preparation2.Rhetorical Cuesa.2b.5c.3d.1e.4Ⅱ. LISTENINGMajor SubtopicsST1 traditional familism: mid-1940s to mid-1960s ST2 period of individualism: mid-1960s to mid-1980sST3 the new familism: mid-1980s to presentⅢ. POSTLISTENINGAccuracy CheckNo, they aren’t.declining birth rates, rising divorce rates, discontent of women with domestic rolea married couple with childrenIt’s closer to self-reliance.sexual revolution, women’s liberation., and the movement against the Vietnam Warthe idealization of career and the drive for self-expression and self-fulfillmentSingle-parent families tripled; cohabiting couples quadrupled.in the second periodcommitment to family, equality of men and women, fulfillment quality day care, parental leave, family all owancesChapter 5 ReligionⅠ. PRELISTENINGB. Vocabulary and Key Concepts1. mandatory2. surve/Protestant3. modernized4. values5. guaranteed6. establishes7. und erestimated8. role/played9. decline/revival10. conservative11. controversial/politicized12. phenomenon13.secular/authoritarianD. Notetaking Preparation1. Commonly Used Symbols and Abbreviations1. pop. of China＞India＞U.S.2. death rt. ＋birth rt. → bin pop.3. pop. in U.S. c.281mill.4. some people imm. to U.S.∵nat. disaster, e.g., droughts, famines5. situation diff today ∴people from Latin Am.+ Asia imm to U.S. >from Europe6. After WWⅡ, most Am. Families still trad., i.e., w/ working father, housewife, & chil dren7. Today many chil d. Raised w/o father in homeRhetorical Cues24135Ⅱ. LISTENINGFirst ListeningMajor SubtopicsST1 facts and figuresST2 United States compared to other modernized nationsST3 increasing role of religion in U.S. politics particularly in recent yearsⅢ. POSTLISTENINGAccuracy CheckThe media, e.g., tel evision and movies, usually ignore this part of American cultureProtestants, 52%, Catholics, 24%Immigrants to America came from many different countries and religious backgrounds.the United States, 60%; Italy, 7%; France, 4%freed om of worship (religion)that church and state must be kept separate conservativethe “rise of the religious right”abortion and prayer in public schoolsmore secularChapter 6 Passages: Birth Marriage and Death Ⅰ. PRELISTENINGB. Vocabulary and Key Concepts1. bewildering / ingrained2. shower/ expectant3. mother- to –be / pretext4. expressions of envy / reassured5. unheard of6. banished / delivery7. baptism8. observed / fiancées9. empowered / civil10. bride / groom / superstitious11. banned / hazardous12. cremated13. memorial / wake14. eulogy / deceased15. condolences / bereavedⅢ. POSTLISTENINGA. Accuracy Check1. shortly before the baby is due2. (1) baby showers not always a surprise, and (2) men sometimes attend3. baptism4. the bride’s family5. a religious ceremony6. something ol d, something new, something borrowed, and something blue7. the groom8. in case of cremation9. a sympathy card and flowers10. whiteUnit 7 MulticulturalismPrelisteningB.1.skeptically/homogeneous2.deny/impact3.melting/metaphor4.alloy/myth5.excluded/discrimination6.viewed/prejudice7.mosaic/autonomous8.Intermarriage/adoption9.implied/exception10.inherit/absorb11.assimilation/generation12.fragmentation/proponents13.dominant/reflects14.Opponents/LatinosD.2. a. however; on the other handb. In fact;c. For instanced. however; neverthelesse. Rather; Insteadf. On the other hand; However; Neverthelessg. furthermore; alsoListeningAMajor subtopicsST1 the monoculturalist viewST2 the multicultualist viewST3 the pluralistic viewAccuracy checkNoharderthe monoculturalist viewAfrican, Asian,and Native Americans as well as each newly arrived groupthe patchwork quiltNo17%We inherit, absorb, and choose itfragmentation or destruction of U.S.cultureopen to changeChapter8 Crime and Violence in the United States1 PrelisteningB Vocabulary and key concepts1. violent/aggravated2. enforcement/stringent3. white-collar/embezzlement4. aggressive/predisposed to5 .to blame/shortcomings6. root/proliferation7. deprived of/strike out8. und erclass/disproportionatedly9. curbs/socializing10. values/compassion11. conscience/bring up12. punishment/deterrent13. financiers/lacking14. takes over/leads to15. benefits/take for grantedD Notetaking Preparation1 Structuringa Crime statistics match public’s perception of less crimeb Three secondary support ideas1 1994-2001:violent crime decreased 52%2 possible reasons for decrease3 statistics on white-collar crime(embezzlement, bribery, etc.)not as clearc Two details for each point1. 1994:51 victims per 1000/in 2001, 24 victims per 10002.stricter law enforcement in cities/ stringent penalties on repeat offenders3 statistics hard to get and/ It doesn’t scare people2 Rhetorical cuesA 2 b5 c1 d6 e3 f4@ ListeningA first listeningMajor subtopicsST1 liberal theory of crimeST2conservative theory of crimeST3 some solutions to the crime problem in the U.S@PostlisteningA Accuracy Check1 52%2 embezzlement, bribery, political corruption, and/or dangerous corporate policies3 racism, poverty, and injustice4No5 the liberal theory6 by giving them values, a conscience7 socialization by the family and fear of punishment8 They’ve enjoyed the benefits of society9 good education, health care, and employment10 conservativeUnit 9 Public Education: Philosophy and FundingI PRELISTENINGB Vovabulary and Key Concepts1 compulsory2 secular3 curriculum/stand dardized4 funds/handicapped5 exercised locally6 elected7 fluctuates8 a great degree9 controversial10 nonsectarian/compete11 contract/accountable12 supporters13 opponents/violates14 bill/ “adequate yearly progress”D Notetaking Preparation1 Structuring: OutliningST1 Three levels of controlA State department of education1 sets basic curriculum2 sets number of creditsB School district1 Numbers depend on size of population and state2 ResponsibilitiesaSpecific content of coursesB Decides electivesC Operation of schoolsC Individual school1 Teaches’responsilitiesA Dediding how to teachB Preparing and giving examinations2 Rhetorical CuesA1B5C4D2E6F3II LISTENINGA First ListeningMajor SubtopicsST1 three levels of controlST2 how funding contributes to local controlST3 three issues related to fundingIII POSTLISTENINGA Accuracy Check1 no nationwide curriculum set by the government, no nationwide examination set by the government2 state department of education, the school districts ,individual schools3 basic curriculm requirements/a number of credits4 they are elected by the citizens of a school district.5 federal government-7%，stategovernment-49%,l ocal school district-44%6 religious organizations7 nineteenth century8 charter schools9 private schools(usually religious schools)10 as a dangerous step away from local control of schools Chapter10I PrelisteningB. Vocabulary and Key ConceptsPostsecondary/community/coeducationalaccredited/standardsprestigious/competitivetranscript/standardizedextracurricular/ethnic backgroundwere enrolledbreak down/proportionsupgrade/skillswell versed/well informedlenient/transferD. 1. ST3 Community coll eges differ from four-year colleges.A. Admissions requirements are much more lenient.1. Enough to graduate from high schoolB. Cheaper to attend1. Tuition and fees are lower2. Most students live at homeC. Two-year programs1. Lead to A.A. degree2. Many programs vocational but not allConclusion: Different purpose—some part-time for interest, others full-time prior to transferII. ListeningST1. facts and figuresST2. admissions requirements vary greatlyST3. community colleges differ from four-year collegesST4. makeup of student bodyIII. PostlisteningA. Accuracy Check4,182from less than 100 to more than 50,000from less than $5,000 to as much as 30 or 40 thousand dollarshigh school transcripts of grades and test results from a standardized exam such as the SATGRE, GMAT, and/or LSATextracurricular activities, ethnic background, and/or work experience yesAssociate of Arts65.2%42.6%Chapter 11 Distance EducationI.PRELISTENINGB. Vocabulary and Key Concepts1. setting foot2. instruction/separated3. correspondence4. accredited/community5. upgrade/continuous6. budget crunches7. access/technology8. modes/vary9. via mail/downl oad10. resid ency11. dropout/traditional12. unscrupulous/alluring13. credentialsD. Notetaking Preparation1. Deciphering Notes1. No, many distance education programs have residencyrequirements.2. No, admission requirements are the same as for on-campus programs.3. Three examples of computer requirements that online study might require are the latest version of Wind ows, a microphone and a modem.(Answers may vary. )4. Students are more likely to complete traditional programs than distance education programs. (Dropout rate is higher for distance education.)2.Rhetorical Cuesa.2b.5c.1d.6e.3f.4II.LISTENINGFirst ListeningMajor SubtopicsST1 reasons why distance education is growing so rapidlyST2 how distance education works, that is, what the modes of delivery areST3 some things people consid ering distance education need to be aware ofIII.POSTISTENINGAccuracy checkby time and by distanceby correspondence(by mail)189290%at the same time(Answers may vary.)No(There are time limits)No(There are about the same)cable modem, DSLNo(The dropout rate is higher for distance courses and programs.) Unit 12 The Role of Government in the EconomyI.PRELISTENINGB.Vocabulary and Key Concepts1.ownership/property2.free enterprise3.interfere/laissez-faire4.contracts/national defense5.control/comply with6.income/public assistance/welfarepetitive/antitrust/monopoly8.stability9.taxation/inflation10.unemployment/balance11.expenditures/interest12.conservative/favor13.static/compositionD. Notetaking Preparation1.Prelecture Readinga.No.They were suspicious of strong central government.b.The Confederation was unable to solve many problems facing the new nation and needed a stronger central government.c.None. In a laissez-faire economy, the government does not interfere with the economy.d.The government imposed an income tax for the first time. After the Civil War, the government had money for internal improvements to the country.e.The government usually took the side of big business.f.It provided employment for large numbers of unemployed people and welfare for others, and instituted the Security system.2. Rhetorical Cuesa.4b.5c.1d.7e.2f.6g.3II. ListeningFirst ListeningMajor SubtopicsST1 to protect the environmentST2 to help peopleST3 to keep the marketplace competitiveST4 to maintain economic stabilityIII.POSTLISTENINGAccuracy Checksongs,poems,books,inventionsThe freed om to produce, buy, and sell goods and labor without government intervention.laws governing contracts and property rights; national defense; and providing sunch things as roads and canals.greaterto protect itThey are too young, old, or sicka good thingthe telephone company [AT&T]taxation,expenditure,and controlling the interest rate on money it lends to businessesIt raises itUnit 13 Government by ConstitutionI.PRELISTENINGB. Vocabulary and Key Concepts (Script)1.division/checks/balances2.branches/legislative/judicial3.enacting/enforced4.accused of breaking/legal dispute5.trials/consistent with6.tasks/abuse7.power of veto8.override/put an end to9.suspected/resigned10.unconstitutional/legal11.civil rights/racial discrimination12.desegregation13.nominates a candidate/approve14.balance of powerD. Notetaking Preparation1.Prelecture Readinga.Judicial review is the power of the judicial branch of government toexamine and determine the constitutionality of laws passed by the legislative branch.b.No, it is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. The Supreme Court interpreted the Constitution to mean that it had this power in a famous case, Marbury v.Madison, in 1803.c. Britaind. They exercise it less frequently. Although both countries have provisions for judicial review, they are reluctant to use it.II.LISTENINGFirst ListeningMod el OrganizationThere branches of governmentPrinciples of the ConstitutionDivision of powersChecks and balances1.(exanples)2.(etc.)III.POSTLISTENINGAccuracy CheckIt’s the oldest constitution that has been in continuous use. [It has been in continuous use for over 200 years.]executive,legislative, and judicialto see that laws enacted by Congress are carried out [executed]the presidentEach branch fo the government has a way to check,or control,one of the other branches of government.If the president vetoes a law, he refuses to sign it.He usually has put an end to the lawby investigating what it considers to be possible illegal activities of the executive branchHe might have been removed from office.Although the presid ent nominates candidates to the Supreme Court, Congress must approve his sel ections.Chapter14 Common Law and the Jury SystemI PRELISTENINGB. vocabulary and key concepts1 guilty/unjustly2 innocent until proven guilty3 code of laws4 common law/precedents5 testimony/verdict6 private parties7 compensatory/punitive damages8 “beyond a reasonable doubt”9 convicted10 irrelevant/evid ence/admissible11 hung12 pleads guilty/lesser crimeD Notetaking preparation1 prel ecture readingA noB Mary Beth Whitehead-GouldC 2D noE Because of the nature of the law, courts will be obligated to base future decisions on decisions mad e in this case.2 courtroom languageA court reporterB judgeC witnessD juryE bailiffF defendantG plaintiff/prosecutorH courtroom clerkIII POSTLISTENINGA accuracy check1 innocent until proven guilty2 British common law3 6-124 a jury5 civil6 criminal7 to see that the trial is conducted according to law8 to decide whether they believe the testimony they hear and whether the evidence presented to them is valid9 about 80﹪10 because it’s difficult to prove people are guilty and because trails are so expensive to conduct.。