XuZhou Medical CollegeExamination of Medical Physiology for 10TH IMSPQ 2012（Feb29,2012）PARTⅠ. Single choices ( 2 point×30=60 points, Please choose the BEST answer and then fill in the answer card)1. The major physiological function of plasm colloid osmotic pressure is toA. regulate water exchange between the two sides of capillaries.B. regulate fluid equilibrium between the two sides of cells.C. maintain the normal cellular shape.D. keep the normal cubic capacity of cells.E. determine the total plasm osmotic pressure.2. During the process of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle, calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum byA. Inositol triphosphate (IP3)B. Protein kinase AC. An increase in intracellular calcium concentrationD. Membrane depolarizationE. An increase in intracellular sodium concentration3. In a nerve, the magnitude of the action potential overshoot is normally a function of theA. Magnitude of the stimulusB. Intracellular potassium concentrationC. Extracellular sodium concentrationD. Resting membrane potentialE. Diameter of the axon4. The rate of diffusion of a particle across a membrane will increase ifA. The area of the membrane decreasesB. The thickness of the membrane increasesC. The size of the particle increasesD. The concentration gradient of the particle decreasesE. The lipid solubility of the particle increases5. The following diagram illustrates the relative resistance of three vessels. The ratio of the flow in vessel X to the flow in vessel Y isA. 1:1B. 3:2C. 2:1D. 3:1E. 4:36. The data below was obtained from a patient before and after administration of a drug that increased his mean right atrial pressure.The ratio of the patients total peripheral resistance before administration of the drug to the total peripheral resistance after administration of the drug isA. 1:1B. 3:2C. 4:3D. 5:4E. 6:57. During ventricular ejection, the pressure difference smallest in magnitude is between theA. Pulmonary artery and left atriumB. Right ventricle and right atriumC. Left ventricle and aortaD. Left ventricle and left atriumE. Aorta and capillaries8. Net filtration from capillaries will increase followingA. Increased contraction of the precapillary sphincterB. Decreased arterial pressureC. Increased plasma protein concentrationD. Decreased capillary permeabilityE. Increased postcapillary resistance9. A deficiency of pulmonary surfactant wouldA. Decrease surface tension in the alveoliB. Decrease the change in intrapleural pressure required to achieve a given tidal volumeC. Decrease lung complianceD. Decrease the work of breathingE. Increase functional residual capacity (FRC)10. Airway resistance is lowestA. During a forced expirationB. At the total lung capacityC. At the residual volumeD. During vagal stimulationE. When breathing gas with low oxygen11. The principal paracrine secretion involved in the inhibitory feedback regulation of gastric acid secretion isA. GastrinB. SomatostatinC. HistamineD. 5-HTE. Acetylcholine12. Acidification of the duodenum willA. Decrease pancreatic secretion of bicarbonateB. Increase secretion of gastric acidC. Decrease gastric emptyingD. Increase contraction of the gallbladderE. Increase contraction of the sphincter of Oddi13.Heat is produced in the bodyA. only when body core temperature falls below the temperature set point.B. at a constant rate.C. at a variable rate.D. during hypothermia, mainly by nonshivering thermogenesis.14.The primary function of the bones of the middle ear is toA. Amplify the sound stimulusB. Filter high-frequency sounds from the sound stimulusC. Enable the direction of a sound stimulus to be detectedD. Enhance the ability to distinguish different sound frequenciesE. Protect the ear from damage15. Which one of the optic field defects listed in the following diagram is produced by a pituitary gland tumor?A. AB. BC. CD. D16.Which of the following hypothalamic nuclei is responsible for controlling the normal circadian rhythm?A. Paraventricular nucleusB. Ventromedial nucleusC. Arcuate nucleusD. Lateral nucleusE. Suprachiasmatic nucleus17.Presynaptic inhibition in the central nervous system affects the firing rate of alpha motoneurons byA. Increasing the chloride permeability of the presynaptic nerve endingB. Decreasing the potassium permeability of the alpha motoneuronC. Decreasing the frequency of action potentials by the presynaptic nerve endingD. Increasing (hyperpolarizing) the membrane potential of the alpha motoneuronE. Increasing the amount of the neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic nerve ending18.During a voluntary movement, the Golgi tendon organ provides the central nervous system with information aboutA. The length of the muscle being movedB. The velocity of the movementC. The blood flow to the muscle being movedD. The tension developed by the muscle being movedE. The change in joint angle produced by the movement19.If GFR increases, proximal tubular reabsorption of salt and water will increase by a process called glomerulotubular balance.Contributions to this process includeA. An increase in peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressureB. A decrease in peritubular sodium concentrationC. An increase in peritubular oncotic pressureD. An increase in proximal tubular flowE. An increase in peritubular capillary flow20.Destruction of the supraoptic nuclei of the brain will produce whichof the following changes in urinary volume and concentration?(Assume that fluid intake equals fluid loss.)A. An increased urinary volume and a very dilute urineB. An increased urinary volume and concentrated urineC. A normal urinary volume and concentrationD. Decreased urinary volume and a very dilute urineE. Decreased urinary volume and a concentrated urine21.Radiation treatment for a pituitary tumor in an 8-year-old boy resulted in the complete loss of pituitary function. As a result, thechild is likely to experienceA. HyperthyroidismB. Increased ACTHC.Absent sexual maturationD.Accelerated growth spurtsE. Increased TSH levels22.The secretion of ACTH is correctly described in which of the following statements?A . It shows circadian rhythm in humansB. It is decreased during periods of stressC. It is inhibited by aldosteroneD. It is stimulated by glucocorticoidsE. It is stimulated by epinephrine23. The resting potential of a nerve membrane is primarily dependent on the concentration gradient ofA. PotassiumB. SodiumC. CalciumD. ChlorideE. Bicarbonate24. Which of the following words or phrases is most closely associated with an end-plate potential at the neuromuscular junction?A. “All-or-none response”B. DepolarizationC. HyperpolarizationD. Action potentialE. Electrically excitable gates25. In a test subject, oxygen consumption was measured at 700 mL/min. Pulmonary artery oxygen content was 140 mL per liter of blood and brachial artery oxygen content was 210 mL per liter of blood. Cardiac output was which of the following?A. 4.2 L/minB. 7.0 L/minC. 10.0 L/minD. 12.6 L/minE. 30.0 L/min26. Increasing vagal stimulation of the heart will cause an increase inA. Heart rateB. PR intervalC. Ventricular contractilityD. Ejection fractionE. Cardiac output27. A woman has a respiratory rate of 18, a tidal volume of 350 mL, and a dead space of 100 mL. What is her alveolar ventilation?A. 4.0 LB. 4.5 LC. 5.0 LD. 5.5 LE. 6.0 L28.Vitamin B12 is absorbed primarily in theA. StomachB. DuodenumC. JejunumD. IleumE. Colon29. The most important role of the gamma motoneurons is toA. Stimulate the common skeletal muscle fibers to contractB. Maintain Ia afferent activity during contraction of muscleC. Detect the strength of skeletal muscleD. Detect the length of resting skeletal muscleE. Prevent muscles from producing too much force30. Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system causesA. Urinary bladder emptyingB. Pupillary constrictionC. Accommodation for near visionD. Bronchiolar dilationE. Gallbladder emptyingPART Ⅱ. Answer the following questions(10 points for each,total 40 points)1. Which ions content in plasm will increase for blood of long-term preservation under cold environment? Why does hemolysis tend to occur for this case? Please discuss the questions in detail.2. Blood is flowing in a straight vessel.(a) P1=100mmHg, P2= 90mmHg, R= lmmHg/mL/min.What is the value of blood flow?(b) The values of P1 & P2 are kept the same as the above, but the radius of the vessel is increased to three fold . What is the value ofblood flow in this case?3. You’re biking in the t our from China and you’re breat hing very heavily! This is happening because your diaphragm is being stimulated to contract at a rapid rate by neuronal signals in your brain. The brain has sent out these signals in response to nervous signals it has received from CO2-detecting cells. The CO2 was produced by your muscles that are clearly working overtime! Name the sensor, the afferent and efferent pathways as well as the integrating center and effector organ in this response loop.4. Please describe in detail the physiological process illustrated by the following diagram.(Please answer the above questions on the supplemental sheet)。