Summary of para.10-16
Main idea : （Para. 10 ） It may be helpful to classify them and thus begin to organize our thoughts and feelings so that we may be able to response appropriately.
Please divide para.10-16 into several parts.
Para.10-para.11 Para.12-para.14
local skirmishes para 12 regional battles para 12 strategic conflicts para 13-14
Analyses of Paragraph 13-16
paragraph 11
regional
paragraph 12
local
strategic
paragraph 13
topic sentense However, a new class of environmental problems does affect the global ecological system, and these threats are fundamentally strategic.
cataract白内障
↓1%
↑10000-15000
巴塞尔皮肤瘤 鳞状皮肤瘤 恶性黑瘤
predict
to the point that all animal and plant life will face
a new threat to their sagraph 12
topic sentence ↓ answer/ situation
↓
↓↑
paragraph 13
( connecting)
consequence
↓
predict
↓↑
paragraph 14
Paragraph 14
another strategic threat: Global warming
CO₂ heat-absorbing molecules
Main idea
Topic sentence :
Human civilization is now the dominant cause of change in the global environment.
Detailed study
Question : What does this truth refers to ? Strength of the moon’s pull on the ocean Force of the wind against the mountains Our effect on the earth-----strong, inevitable, far-reaching
Main idea of paragraph15
Since humankind can have great impacts on the global environment, we should think strategically about our new relationship to the environment.
Detailed study
Yardstick: standard, criterion Oblivious :be unaware of Fragility: being easily broken ,being delicate
Structure
1.Thesis statement (dominant cause of change) 2.Effect 3.Responsibility 4.Ignorance
Para.15-para.16
How humankind influence the environment?
Prehistoric time: intentionally burn vast areas
Concrete in cities
Modern time Carefully tended croplands
Paragraph 16
– all the way from the surface of the earth to the top of the sky.
consequence
disrupt the global process
by which the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet(紫外线的） radiation(辐射）
what is it?
answer: the increasing amount of chlorine.
The 600 percent increase in the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere during the last forty years has taken place not just in those countries producing the chlorofluorocarbons（CFC氟氯氰） responsible but in the air above every country, above Antarctica, above the North Pole and the Pacific Ocean
the increase of heat
disruption of climate equilibrium
human societies
vegetative animal life
change of natural patterns
1.equilibrium n. 均衡；平静；保持平衡的能 力 eg. Hence we may have to search for a suitable catalyst, to speed up attainment of equilibrium. 2.molecule n. [化学] 分子；微小颗粒，微粒 3.ocean currents 洋流
The structure of paragraph15
Viewpoint: Human civilization has a large impact on the environment Example: Prehistoric time and our own time Causes: Why we are not aware of this point Conclusion: We can think strategically about our new relationship to the environment