初二英语期中复习资料一、重点词汇解析:1、get, arrive, reach三者均可表示“到达”,区别如下:arrive和get 都是不及物动词,前者较正式,后者则较口语化。
两者之后均不可接宾语,但可接 here, there, home 之类的表地点的副词作状语。
e.g.What time does the train arrive?火车什么时候到?要表示“到达某地”,需借助适当介词:arrive 之后通常接介词at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地方)。
e.g.We arrived at the station five minutes late.我们到车站晚了5 分钟。
They will arrive in Paris next Monday.他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎。
get 之后通常接介词to。
e.g.When we got to the park, it began to rain.我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。
reach 通常是及物动词(较 get 更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)。
e.g.He reached Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京。
顺便说一句:reach 除可表示“到达某地”外,还用于其它意义的“到达”。
e.g.Your letter reached me last week.我是上周收到你的信的。
He has reached school age.他已达到上学年龄。
2.Remember not to waste or pollute me.[译文] 记着不要浪费或污染我。
remember to do sth. 记住要做某事。
e.g.Remember to post the letter for me.记住给我邮这封信。
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事。
e.g.I remember seeing him once.我记得见过他一次。
3.A shower usually takes at least 5 minutes.[译文] 淋浴通常至少要花5分钟。
take(1)常常和it连用,it在句子中作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。
意为“花费(时间、金钱)等”。
e.g.How long will it take you to do your homework every day?每天做作业要花费你多长时间?It usually takes her 20 yuan to buy books every week.每周买书通常要花费她20元钱。
(2)拿,取e.g.I want to take some books to the classroom.我想拿些书到教室。
(3)吃,喝,服用,放e.g.Do you take sugar in your milk?你喝的牛奶里放糖吗?(4)乘车(船)等e.g.Shall we go there by bike or take a taxi?我们是骑自行车去那还是坐出租车去?(5)“做……事情”, 常常和名词连用,表示与该名词意义相关的动作e.g.take a walk 散步 take a rest 休息一下 take a look 看一看等等(6)构成常用的重要词组:(1)take away 拿走e.g.Tom takes the knife away from the little boy.汤姆从小男孩手里把刀拿走了。
(2)take care (=be careful=look out)当心e.g.Take care! The car is coming!小心!车来了!(3)take (good) care of (好好)照顾,照料e.g.I can take care of the baby all by myself.我自己能照顾这个小孩。
(4) take down 取下来e.g.Take down the picture and put up the map of the world.摘下这张图画,挂上一幅世界地图。
(5)take out 拿出e.g.Please take out a piece of paper and write down your names on it, OK?拿出一张纸,在上面写下你们的名字,好吗?(6)take off 脱下;飞机(等起飞)e.g.Sorry! You have to take off your shoes before getting into the computer room.对不起,在进入微机室之前,先要把你的鞋子脱掉。
The plane is going to take off soon.飞机马上就要起飞了。
(7)take one's time 别着急,慢慢来e.g.Please take your time!别着急,慢慢来!(8)take one's temperature 量体温e.g.Mingming is ill. The doctor is taking his temperature now.明明生病了,大夫正在给他量体温。
4、decide 动词,意为“决定”,常用结构:decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事decide on doing sth 决定做某事decide + 疑问代词/副词+不定式决定……decide +从句决定……e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.我决定星期一去北京。
He has decided on going for a trip next week.他已决定下周去旅行。
He decided when to go to Beijing.他已经决定了什么时候去北京。
We decided that we didn’t take part in the basketball match.我们决定不参加篮球比赛。
5.Then we all voted for her.[译文] 然后我们都投票赞成(选乔伊斯为主编)。
vote for sb. 意为“投票赞成某人”e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.我将投票选本因为他有经验。
vote against意为“投票反对”。
e.g. People vote against Henry.人们投票反对亨利。
6.Then Joyce took charge of the meeting.[译文] 于是,乔伊斯主持会议。
take charge of 意为“主管,主持;负责”。
e.g. Who will take charge of the meeting?谁将主持这次会议?7.辨析:other, the other, the others与another(1)other表示“其他的”,表示泛指,没有特定的范围。
e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.雷锋总是帮助别人。
(指其他的任何人)(2)the other意为“另一个”,一般用于两者之间。
其句型为:one…the other…一个……另一个……e.g. The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.那位老人有两个儿子,一个是士兵,另一个是工人。
注意:the other和other后均可加名词,但意思有所不同,“the other+名词”表示一定范围内除一部分外其余的全部,而“other+名词”表示除去部分以后的另一些,但不是剩下的全部。
(3)the others 特指一定范围内的其余的全部人或事物。
e.g. I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short.我有三支铅笔,一支是长的,另外(两个)是短的。
(代词)(4)another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一个,意为“再一;又一”。
e.g. Would you like another cup of tea?你还要一杯茶吗?8、辨析:pay, spend, cost与take四个单词都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。
(1)pay的基本用法是:①pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买某物。
e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租。
②pay for sth. 付某物的钱e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.我不得不赔偿丢失的书款。
③pay for sb. 替某人付钱e.g.Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you.别担心,我会给你付钱的。
(2)spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:①spend time/ money on sth. 在某物上花费时间/ 金钱。
e.g. I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。
②spend time/ money(in)doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事。
e.g. They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见的用法如下:①“sth. cost (sb.)+金钱”表示“某物花了(某人)多少钱”。
e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
②“(doing)sth. cost(sb.)+时间”表示“(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少时间”e.g. Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量的时间才记住了这些新单词。
(4)take常见的用法有以下几种:①“It takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth. ”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。
e.g.It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
②“doing sth. takes sb.+时间”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。
e.g. Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一整下午修这辆小汽车。