第17讲宾语从句高职考纲中宾语从句测试的重点是:掌握宾语从句的基本用法1. 掌握宾语从句的各不同引导词的用法。
2.掌握宾语从句的语序。
掌握宾语从句中,主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应。
3.宾语从句在复合句中作宾语,从句放在主句谓语动词(及物动词),介词或某些形容词之后,前后不用逗号分开。
如I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.She was interested in what I said.二、宾语从句的引导词1、由连词that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say, think, hope, see, believe, expect, hear 等动词后。
连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。
He says (that) his father is a boss.注意事项:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
如:I find it necessary that we should learn English well.2、由连词if、whether 引导的宾语从句表示“是否……”。
Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
I wonder whether (if) they will come to our party.当whether与or not连用时whether不可换用if。
在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。
在动词不定式之前,只能用whether,不能用if。
He doesn't know whether to stay or not.3、由wh-引导的宾语从句。
连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中既有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。
Do you know which film they are talking about? (which在从句中做定语)I don’t know where he lives. (where在从句中做地点状语)三、宾语从句的语序宾语从句属于名词性从句,它的语序必须是陈述语序,即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分如:I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.四、宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。
如:She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.She says that she has finished her homework already.She said that she had finished her homework already.注意事项:如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.Could you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。
如:Could you tell me when we will visit the farm?五.其他常见用法否定转移问题在think,believe,suppose,consider等动词所跟的宾语从句中,如果从句表示的是否定意义,一般要将否定词移至主句的谓语上,而将从句变为肯定形式。
如:I’m sorry , but I don’t think I know you. 很抱歉,我想我并不认识你。
I don’t believe that the man is killed by Jim. 我认为那个人不是吉姆所杀的。
例1(2008年,陕西)He asked me ______ we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.A. thatB. ifC. howD. what[解析]考查宾语从句引导词。
根据主句可以推出宾语从句表达的是不确定的语气,所以排除选项A;宾语从句中没有缺少与how和what相对应的句子成分,故本题应选B。
例2(2008年,湖北武汉)—Do you know ____?—Sorry, I don't know.A. where does Jimmy workB. where Jimmy worksC. how does Jimmy go to workD. what does Jimmy do[解析] 考查陈述句语序。
A、C、D用的是疑问句语序,所以该题的正确答案应为B。
例3(2008年,北京)—Do you know ____ for Shanghai last night?—At 9:00.A. what time he leavesB. what time does he leaveC. what time he leftD. what time did he leave[解析] 考查陈述句语序和时态。
根据语序,可以排除选项B和D,从时间状语last night可以推断宾语从句应该使用一般过去时,故本题的正确答案是C。
例4(2009年,浙江平湖)I think _____ best that you should stay here.A. thisB. thatC. itD. what[解析] 考查it引导的形式宾语。
that后面引导的是宾语从句,it 起形式宾语的作用,this, that, what 都不能作形式宾语,故本题的正确答案是C。
例5(2010年,浙江杭州)Linda said the moon ______ round the earth.A. travelledB. has travelledC. had travelledD. travells[解析] 考查时态。
宾语从句表达的是事实真理时,用一般现在时,故本题的正确答案是D。
例6 (2009年, 嘉兴)In some western countries,when you hear something like an invitation, listen carefully to make sure _____ it is a real invitation or not.A. ifB.whetherC. weatherD. that[解析] 考查宾语从句引导词。
句意“在一些西方国家,当你听到像邀请之类的东西,你要仔细听来确定是否是一个真正的邀请。
”宾语从句表达的是一个不确实的事,且后面有or not,故本题的正确答案是B。
例7 (2010年, 宁波)W e don’t believe (that) they will come tomorrow, _________?A. do weB.don’t weC. will theyD.won’t they[解析] 考查宾语从句的否定转移。
真正的否定意义在从句,这种否定前移的宾语从句,在变成反意疑问句时,反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。
本题的正确答案是C。
1. I find _______ strange _______ she doesn’t want to travel.A. it, thatB. that, thatC. it, whatD. that, what------2004年高职考试题[解析] 考查it 作形式宾语。
真正的宾语从句不缺what 对应的成分,故本题正确答案为A。
2.No one can be sure _______ in a million years.A. man will look like whatB. what will man look likeC. what man will look likeD. what look will man like------2004年高职考试题3.Please tell us _______ to the Science Museum.A. how can we reachB. how we can reachC. how can we getD. how we can get------20005年高职考试题[解析] 第2.3两题考查宾语从句的语序与get to短语。
2题正确答案为C,3题正确答案为D。
4. —Mike wants to know if a picnic tomorrow.—Yes, But if it , we’ll visit the famous company instead.A. you will have, rainsB. you will have, will rainC. you have, will rainD. will you have, rains------20005年高职考试题[解析] 本题考查在宾语从句和条件状语中的不同用法。
第一个if 位于及物动词后面,所以引导的是宾语从句,时间是tomorrow,用将来时态;第二个if 引导的是条件状语从句,用一般现在时代替将来时,故本题的正确答案是A。
4..Do you know when ______?Oh ,it’s on December 1 st.A.the World AIDS day are . B,are the World AIDS Day .C.the World AIDS Day isD.is the world AIDS Day .------2009年高职考试题[解析]考查宾语从句的语序与主谓一致。
the World AIDS Day作主语,是单数概念,一个日子,正确答案为C。