VB获得Windows各类系统目录的方法现在有很多关于如何用VB获得Windows目录的文章,但大都只讲到如何获得Windows目录和System目录，有时候我们却需要获得像"我的文档"这样的目录（"我的文档"的路径并不是固定的，可以由自己设定，也有可能因为系统的安装路径不同而不同），那又该如何处理呢？下面我们来具体谈谈如何用VB获得这种路径。
先向大家介绍两个ＡＰＩ函数，这两个函数分别是SHGetSpecialFolderLocation和SHGetPathFromIDList，这就是我们用来获得各种路径的武器。
函数声明:Private Declare Function SHGetSpecialFolderLocation Lib "Shell32" (ByVal hwndOwner As Long, ByVal nFolder As Integer, ppidl As Long) As LongPrivate Declare Function SHGetPathFromIDList Lib "Shell32" Alias "SHGetPathFromIDListA" (ByVal pidl As Long, ByVal szPath As String) As Long函数功能及参数说明：SHGetSpecialFolderLocation：获得某个特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的位置；它有三个参数，第一个参数是用来指定所有者窗口的，在应用中一般我们写上"0"就可以了；第二个参数是一个整数id，它决定要查找的目录是哪一个目录，它的取值可能如下：&H0& '桌面&H2& '程序集&H5& '我的文档&H6& '收藏夹&H7& '启动&H8& '最近打开的文件&H9& '发送&HB& '开始菜单&H13& '网上邻居&H14& '字体&H15& 'ShellNew&H1A& 'Application Data&H1B& 'PrintHood&H20& '网页临时文件&H21& 'Cookies目录&H22& '历史第三个参数是获得的特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的地址。
SHGetPathFromIDList：根据某特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的地址获取该目录的准确路径。
它有两个参数，第一个参数是特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的地址，也即上一个函数所获得的地址；第二个参数是一个字符串型数据，用来保存返回的特殊目录的准确路径。
比如：为了获得DeskTop的路径，首先需调用SHGetSpecialFolderLocation获得DeskTop在特殊目录列表中的位置Pid，然后调用SHGetPathFromIDList函数获得Pid指向的列表内容，即DeskTop的准确路径。
下面是我编写的一个用来获取Windows各种目录路径的例子，供大家参考。
如果您有什么问题或建议，欢迎给我来信(xuhaoliang@)。
程序界面如下：程序代码如下：Private Declare Function SHGetSpecialFolderLocation Lib "Shell32" (ByVal hwndOwner As Long, ByVal nFolder As Integer, ppidl As Long) As LongPrivate Declare Function SHGetPathFromIDList Lib "Shell32" Alias "SHGetPathFromIDListA" (ByVal pidl As Long, ByVal szPath As String) As LongPrivate Declare Function GetWindowsDirectory Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetWindowsDirectoryA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As LongPrivate Declare Function GetSystemDirectory Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetSystemDirectoryA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As LongPrivate Declare Function GetTempPath Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetTempPathA" (ByVal nBufferLength As Long, ByVal lpBuffer As String) As LongConst MAX_LEN = 200 '字符串最大长度Const DESKTOP = &H0& '桌面Const PROGRAMS = &H2& '程序集Const MYDOCUMENTS = &H5& '我的文档Const MYFAVORITES = &H6& '收藏夹Const STARTUP = &H7& '启动Const RECENT = &H8& '最近打开的文件Const SENDTO = &H9& '发送Const STARTMENU = &HB& '开始菜单Const NETHOOD = &H13& '网上邻居Const FONTS = &H14& '字体Const SHELLNEW = &H15& 'ShellNewConst APPDATA = &H1A& 'Application DataConst PRINTHOOD = &H1B& 'PrintHoodConst PAGETMP = &H20& '网页临时文件Const COOKIES = &H21& 'Cookies目录Const HISTORY = &H22& '历史Private Sub Command2_Click()EndEnd SubPrivate Sub Form_Load()Dim sTmp As String * MAX_LEN '存放结果的固定长度的字符串Dim nLength As Long '字符串的实际长度Dim pidl As Long '某特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的位置'*************************获得Windows目录**********************************Length = GetWindowsDirectory(sTmp, MAX_LEN)txtWin.Text = Left(sTmp, Length)'*************************获得System目录***********************************Length = GetSystemDirectory(sTmp, MAX_LEN)txtSystem.Text = Left(sTmp, Length)'*************************获得Temp目录*********************************** Length = GetTempPath(MAX_LEN, sTmp)txtTemp.Text = Left(sTmp, Length)'*************************获得DeskTop目录********************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, DESKTOP, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtDesktop.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'*************************获得发送到目录********************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, SENDTO, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtSendTo.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'*************************获得我的文档目录********************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, MYDOCUMENTS, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtDocument.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'*************************获得程序集目录*********************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, PROGRAMS, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtProgram.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'*************************获得启动目录************************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, STARTUP, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtStart.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'*************************获得开始菜单目录********************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, STARTMENU, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtStartMenu.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'*************************获得收藏夹目录*********************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, MYFAVORITES, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtFavorites.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'**********************获得最后打开的文件目录******************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, RECENT, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtRecent.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'*************************获得网上邻居目录********************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, NETHOOD, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtNetHood.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'*************************获得字体目录********************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, FONTS, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtFonts.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'*************************获得Cookies目录********************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, COOKIES, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtCookies.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'*************************获得历史目录********************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, HISTORY, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtHistory.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'***********************获得网页临时文件目录******************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, PAGETMP, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtPageTmp.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'*************************获得ShellNew目录********************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, SHELLNEW, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtShellNew.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'***********************获得Application Data目录***************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, APPDATA, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtAppData.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)'*************************获得PrintHood目录********************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, PRINTHOOD, pidlSHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmptxtPrintHood.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)End Sub。