最常用医学前后缀
vaso
angio
vascular
cardiovascular accident (CVA)心血管意外
cerebrovascular脑血管的
vasopressin血管加压素
angiography血管造影
动脉
artery
arterio
arterial
arteriosclerosis动脉硬化
静脉
vein
laryngitis喉炎
pharyngitis咽炎
气管
airway
air pipe
air passage
tracheo
tracheal
tracheostomy气管插管
tracheoscope气管镜
tracheoesophageal气管食道的
Table2 Examples of diseased states (部分病态术语)
结石
litho
-lith
cholelithes胆结石,lithiasis结石症
Table 3 Examples of surgical terminology(部分外科术语)
含义
前/后缀
示例
切除
-ectomy
gastrectomy, appectectomy, laryngectomy
切开
-tomy
黑
melano
melanoma, melena黑便
青、蓝
Cyano
cyanosis紫绀, cyanemia蓝血症
淋巴
Lymph
lymphocyte, lymphoma,
粒
granulo
granulocyte, granulocytosis
成细胞
Blast
fibroblast成纤细胞
网状
reticulo
(泌)尿
urine
uro
urethro
urinary
urology泌尿病学
transurethral经尿道的
urosurgery泌尿外科
直肠
anus
recto
rectal
rectoscopy直肠镜检查
rectoplasty直肠成形术
rectocolitis直肠结肠炎
结肠
colon
colo
colonal
bilateral双侧的,unilateral单侧的, contralateral对侧的, isolateral同侧的
旁/副
adjacent, appendix
para-
parathyroid甲状旁腺,paracancer癌旁
周
peripheral, around
peri-
Perioperative围术的,perinatal围产的
含义
前/后缀
示例
病
patho-
-pathy
pathogen病原, pathology病理学, nephropathy肾病, encephalopathy脑病
病态
-osis
neurosis神经病, tuberculosis肺结核
增多
-osis
leukocytosis白细胞增多症
减少
-penia
pancytosis全血细胞减少
困难/障碍
Dys
dysfunction功能障碍,dyspepsia消化不良, dyspnea呼吸困难
无
A
atypical不典型的,asymptomatic无症状的, agranulocytosis粒细胞减少症
复合/多
Poly-
polyuria多尿,polyopia复视
巨
-megaly
splenomegaly脾大,acromegaly指端肥大症, hepatomegaly肝大
普通
前/后缀
示例
上
Upper, superior
epi- ,supra-
epigastric上腹部的,supraclavicular锁骨上的
下
lower, inferior
infra-, sub-
subclavicular,锁骨下的,subcostal肋下的, inferior vena cava下腔静脉
esophagoscopy食道镜
esophagoplasty食道成形术
胆(汁)
gallbladder
Bile
chole
biliary
cholecystitis胆囊炎
cholecystectomy胆囊切除
cholelithiasis胆结石
脾
spleen
spleno
splenic
splenectomy脾切除
veno
venous
Intravenous静脉内的
神经
nerve
neuro
nervous
neurosurgery神经外科
neuron神经元
neuroma神经瘤
细胞
cell
cyto
cellular
leukocyte白细胞
cytology细胞学
cytoma细胞瘤
眼
eቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱe
ophthalmo
oculo
ocular
cerebro
encephalo
cranio
cerebral
cranial
cerebrum大脑
cerebellum小脑
encephalopathy脑病
intracranial颅内的
肺
lung
pulmo
pulmonary
pulmonology肺病学
pulmonectomy肺切除
pulmonitis肺炎
肝
liver
hepato
hepatic
hepatitis肝炎
hepatobiliary肝胆的
hepatoenterostomy肝肠吻合
肾
kidney
nephro
renal
nephritis肾炎
nephropathy肾病
nephrectomy肾切除
胃
stomach
gastro
gastric
gastritis胃炎
spenomegaly脾大
胰
pancreas
pancreato
pancreatic
pancreatitis胰腺
pancreatectomy胰腺切除
pancreatopathy胰腺病
膀胱
bladder
cyst
cysto
cystic
cystitis膀胱炎
cytectomy膀胱切除
cystography膀胱造影
reticulocyte网状细胞
嗜碱的
basi, baso, alkalo
basophil嗜碱性粒细胞
嗜酸的
eosino, acido
eosinocyte, eosnophil嗜酸性粒细胞
凝血的
thrombo
thrombocyte凝血细胞(=血小板platelet)
Table6 Examples of compounds (部分化合物)
经…
trans-
transurethral, transcutaneous, transfusion
成形
-plasty
osteoplasty, myoplasty, esophagoplasty
Table4Examples of directions and positions (部分方向位置)
含义
gastroenteritis胃肠炎
gastrectomy胃切除
肠
intestine
gut
bowel
entero
intestinal
enteritis肠炎
grastroenteritis胃肠炎
enterostomy肠造口术
食道/管
esophagus
esophago
esophageal
esophagitis食道炎
含义
前/后缀
示例
(酸)盐
-ate
sulfate硫酸盐, nitrate硝酸盐, acetate醋酸盐
醇
-ol
alcohol酒精, taxol紫杉醇, ethanol乙醇, allopurinol别嘌啉醇
醛
-al
methylal甲缩醛, retinal视黄醛
糖
-saccharide, glyco-, gluco-, saccharo-
炎症
-it is
arthritis关节炎,hepatitis肝炎
肿块
-oma
lymphoma淋巴瘤,hematoma血肿, carcinoma癌
疼痛
-algia
-algesia
analgesia止痛
血症
-emia
leukemia白血病,septicemia败血症, bacteremia菌血症
麻痹
-plegia
前
front, anterior, prior
fore-, ante, pre-, antero,
forehead,前额,anteroposterior前后的/正位的
后
back, posterior, rear
post-, retro-, postero-
postprandial餐后的,retroperitoneal腹膜后的
glycogen糖原, glucose葡萄糖, saccharide糖, polysaccharide多糖
酮
-one
ketone酮,acetone丙酮, ketoacidosis酮酸中毒