非谓语动词概述：英语中有三种非谓语动词形式，即动词不定式（to do）、动词-ing和过去分词-ed。

动词不定式动词不定式是由不定式符号to后接动词原形构成，也有个别情况不带to，只用动词原形。

不定式可以行使名词、形容词和副词的功能。

一、不定式充当的句子成分1．做主语：To dance is a lot of fun. = It is a lot of fun to dance. 跳舞非常有趣。

2．做宾语：You must learn to forgive. 必须学会原谅他人。

3．做表语：To choose time is to save time.4．做宾补：She asked me to speak more loudly.5．做状语：(1) 表目的：I went to the park to breathe the fresh air. 我去公园（为了）呼吸新鲜空气。

(2) 表原因：I am sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉给你添麻烦。

6．做后置定语：There is no time to lose. 时间不可拖延。

Give me something hot to drink. 给我一些热的东西喝。

注意：不及物动词后面的介词：They have a lot of things to talk about.He is looking for a room to live in.二、不定式的几个主要句型1．Ask / tell sb. (not) to do sth.I asked him to open the window. (= I said to him, “Open the window.”)不定式的否定式：not+不定式:My father told me not to be late. (= My father said to me, “Don’t be late.”)2．疑问词+不定式不定式与疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中担当主语、宾语、表语等。

What to do is a big problem.I know how to solve the problem.Can you tell me which way to go?3．省去to的不定式(1) 感官动词之后作宾语补足语。

表示动作的全部过程Every bird loves to hear himself sing. 每只鸟都喜欢听自己鸣唱。

(2) 使役动词之后作宾语补足语：相关的使役动词为let, make和haveThe boss made them work the whole night. 老板迫使他们工作了一整夜。

注意：被动语态中，to不能省略。

They were made to work the whole night.4．Too…to… / enough to…Life is too short to worry about everything. 人生短促，不能事事忧心。

No one is rich enough to buy back his past. 再富有也买不回自己的过去。

5．It is (was) +形容词+ of (for) sb. to…It was hard for him to say goodbye. 对他来说，道声再见是很难的。

It was clever of him to say goodbye. 对他来说，（在那种时刻）说声再见是最明智不过了。

注意：用of还是for：It is kind of you to help me. = You are very kind to help me.动词-ing●动词-ing是非谓语动词中的一种，它由动词原形加-ing构成。

●在句子中，可以担当出了位于外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

●动词-ing形式仍具有动词的若干特点，所以它又可以有自己的宾语和状语等。

一、动词-ing充当的句子成分1．做主语：“Being a princess isn’t all it’s cracked up to be.”(Princeess Diana, Pricess of Wales of Britain) 当王妃不向人们想象中那么美好。

It is no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶已洒，哭也无用。

2．做宾语：Know your limits, but never stop trying to exceed them. （动词宾语）清楚自己的极限，但不要停止超越极限的努力。

The thrill of this moment keeps me from saying what I really feel. （介词宾语）这一刻我无法平静下来，也无法表达我内心的感激。

——Grace Kelly, Best Actress, 1955，领奖致词3．做表语：Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do. 勇气就是去做自己害怕去做的事情。

Life is painting a picture, not doing a sum. 人生是画一幅图画，而不是做一道算术题。

4．做定语：dining hall餐厅racing car 赛车chewing gun口香糖Failure is a learning experience. 失败是一种学习经历。

5．做宾语补足语：A teacher entered the classroom and noticed a girl student sitting near the door with her feetin the aisle and chewing gum. “Ethel,” exclaimed the teacher, “take that gum out of your mouth and put your feet in.”一位老师走进教室后，发现有位女生坐在门边，脚伸到过道里，嘴里还嚼着口香糖。

这位老师就大声喊道：“埃塞尔，把口香糖从嘴里吐出来，把你的脚放进去！”比较：In the park you often see people do shadowboxing. 在公园，你常能见到人们在打太极拳。

I saw him doing shadowboxing when I came in. 我进来时，看见他正在打太极拳。

6．做状语：（1）做时间状语：Keep objective when associating. 为人处世要保持客观。

（2）做原因状语：Those who take the long view are patient with difficulties, knowing that time often makes the impossible possible. 目光长远的人对困难泰然处之，因为他们知道时间往往使不可能的事情成为可能。

（3）做让步状语：Although working from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food. 虽然他从早到晚拼命干，但还是挣不够吃的。

（4）做伴随状语：With more than 3 million hardcover copies sold in its first two years of publication, “Who Moved My Cheese?”has become an amazing best-seller, topping the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Business Week and USA Today lists.（5）做方式状语：Lincoln once began a letter saying, “Everybody likes a compliment.”林肯曾经在一封信的开头这样写道：“每个人都喜欢称赞之辞。

”（6）做结果状语：The film “The Gua Sha Treatment” exposes profound cultural conflicts between the East and West, arousing concerns in Chinese audiences. 影片《刮痧》深刻揭示了东西方文化的差异，引起中国观众的强烈反响。

过去分词●过去分词也是非谓语动词之一。

规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则，需要逐一记忆。

●过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，它在句子中可担任表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，不能做谓语。

●过去分词保留一部分动词性质，可以带自己的状语和宾语。

一、过去分词充当的句子成分1．做表语：One can go a long way after one is tired. 一个人在疲惫之后仍可以走很长的路程。

2．做定语：The used key is always bright. 常用的钥匙不长锈。

A book is like a garden carried in the pocket. 书是随时携带的花园。

3．做宾补：Yesterday I had my leg broken. 昨天我的腿骨折了。

4．做状语：（1）做时间状语：When tempted to do anything in secret, ask yourself if you would do it in public. 当受到诱惑去做任何秘密的事情时要自问，这件事自己是否愿意公开去做。

（2）做原因状语：Shocked at what he had heard, he placed both his hands on his mouth. 对听到的事情感到震惊，他用双手捂住嘴。

（3）做条件状语：The smallest task, well done, becomes a miracle of achievement. 最微不足道的事情，如果做好，也会成为奇迹般的成就。

（4）做让步状语：Even though defeated again, the scientist didn’t give up. 即使又失败了，可科学家并没有放弃。

（5）做伴随状语：With more than 3 million hardcover copies sold in its first two years of publication, “Who Moved My Cheese?” has become an amazing best-seller, topping the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Business Week and USA Today lists.（6）做方式状语：Seen from a spaceship, the earth looks like a blue green white ball. 从飞船上看，地球像一个蓝、绿、白色的大球。