GlossaryEpithelial Tissue [,epi'θi:liəl] ['tiʃju]上皮组织covering epithelium 被覆上皮simple squamous epithelium ['skweiməs]单层扁平上皮endothelium [,endəu'θi:liəm]皮mesothelium [,mesəu'θi:liəm]间皮simple cuboidal epithelium [kju:'bɔidl]单层立方上皮simple columnar epithelium [kə'lʌmnə]单层柱状上皮假复层纤毛柱状上皮pesudostratified ciliated columnarepitheliumstratified squamous epithelium['strætifaid]复层扁平上皮transitional epithelium 变移上皮cell coat 细胞衣microvillus(microvilli) [,maikrəu'viləs]微绒毛cilium(cilia) ['siliəm]纤毛tight junction 紧密连接intermediate junction 中间连接desmosome ['dezməsəum]桥粒gap junction 缝隙连接basement membrane 基膜plasma membrane infolding['plæzmə]质膜褶hemidesmosome 半桥粒Connective Tissue结缔组织connective tissue proper 固有结缔组织loose connective tissue 疏松结缔组织dense connective tissue 致密结缔组织reticular tissue [ri'tikjulə]网状组织adipose tissue['ædipəus]脂肪组织fibroblast ['faibrəublɑ:st]成纤维细胞macrophage['mækrəufeidʒ巨噬细胞plasma cell 浆细胞mast cell 肥大细胞fat cell 脂肪细胞ground substance 基质collagenous fiber [kə'lædʒənəs]胶原纤维elastic fiber 弹性纤维reticular fiber 网状纤维reticular cell 网状细胞cartilage ['kɑ:tilidʒ]软骨cartilage tissue 软骨组织hyaline cartilage ['haiəlain透明软骨elastic cartilage 弹性软骨fibrous cartilage/fibrocartilage 纤维软骨chondrocyte ['kɔndrəsait]软骨细胞isogenous group [ai'sɔdʒinəs]同源细胞群perichondrium [,peri'kɔndriəm]软骨膜bone 骨osseous tissue/bone tissue ['ɔsiəs]骨组织bone matrix 骨质osteoprogenitor cell 骨祖细胞osteoblast ['ɔstiəublæst]成骨细胞osteocyte ['ɔstiəsait]骨细胞osteoclast ['ɔstiəuklæst]破骨细胞circumferential lamella [lə'melə]环骨板osteone 骨单位Haversian system 哈弗斯系统interstitial lamella 间骨板periosteum [,peri,ɔstiəm]骨外膜endosteum [en'dɔstiəm]骨膜Blood 血液serum ['siərəm ] 血清blood plasma 血浆Wright’s stain 瑞氏染色hemocyte ['hi:məsait血细胞erythrocyte [i'riθrəusait红细胞hemoglobin(Hb) [,hi:məu'ɡləubin, ,hem-] 血红蛋白reticulocyte [ri'tikjuləusait] 网织红细胞leukocyte ['lju:kəusait白细胞granulocyte ['ɡrænjuləusait] 有粒白细胞agranulocyte [ei'ɡrænjuləusait]无粒白细胞azurophilic granules [grænju:ls嗜天青颗粒neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte)中性粒细胞['nju:trəfil]eosinophil [,i:ə'sinəfil,-fail, -fil]嗜酸性粒细胞basophil ['beisəfil]嗜碱性粒细胞monocyte ['mɔnəusait]单核细胞lymphocyte ['limfəusait] 淋巴细胞blood platelet ['pleitlit]血小板Muscle Tissue 肌组织muscle fiber 肌纤维sarcolemma [,sɑ:kəu'lemə] 肌膜sarcoplasm ['sɑ:kəplæzəm]肌浆sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌浆网skeletal muscle ['skelitəl] 骨骼肌epimysium [,epi'misiəm]肌外膜perimysium [,peri'miʒiəm, -ziəm]肌束膜endomysium [,endə'miziəm]肌膜striated muscle ['straieitid]横纹肌myofilament [,maiəu'filəmənt]肌丝isotropic band [,aisəu'trɔpik] I带anisotropic band[æn,aisəu'trɔpik] A带sarcomere ['sɑ:kəmiə]肌节myofibril [,maiəu'faibril] 肌原纤维transverse tubule (T tubule) 横小管longitudinal tubule [,lɔndʒi'tju:dinəl]纵小管terminal cisternae ['tə:minəl][si'stə:ni:]终池triad 'traiəd, -æd三联体cardiac muscle ['kɑ:diæk]心肌intercalated disc 闰盘diad ['daiæd] 二联体smooth muscle 平滑肌Nervous Tissue 神经组织nervous cell 神经细胞neuroglial cell 神经胶质细胞neuron ['njuərɔn]神经元soma ['səumə]胞体neurite ['njuərait突起dendrite ['dendrait] 树突axon ['æksɔn轴突Nissl’s body 尼氏体neurofibril [,njuərəu'faibril] 神经原纤维neurofilament [,nuərə'filəmənt]神经丝microtubule [,maikrəu'tju:bju:l微管synapse['sainæps,突触axosomatic synapse 轴体突触axodendrite synapse 轴树突触chemical synapse 化学性突触presynaptic element [,pri:si'næptik]突触前成分synaptic vesicle ['vesikl] 突触小泡synaptic cleft 突触间隙postsynaptic element 突触后成分glial cell ['ɡlaiəl]胶质细胞astrocyte ['æstrəsait]星形胶质细胞oligodendrocyte ['ɔliɡəu'dendrəsait少突胶质细胞microglia [mai'krɔɡlaiə] 小胶质细胞ependymal cell [e'pendə,meəri] 室管膜细胞Schwann’s cell 施万细胞neurilemmal cell [,njurələ'mætik神经膜细胞satellite cell ['sætəlait]卫星细胞nerve fiber 神经纤维myelinated nerve fiber ['maiəlineitid,有髓神经纤维unmyelinated nerve fiber 无髓神经纤维central axon ['æksɔn轴索myelin sheath 髓鞘neurilemma 神经膜Ranvier’s node 郎飞结internode ['intənəud] 结间体nerve 神经epineurium [,epi'njuəriəm] 神经外膜perineurium [,perə'nju:riəm]神经束膜endoneurium [,perə'nju:riəm]神经膜sensory nerve ending 感觉神经末梢free nerve ending 游离神经末梢encapsulated nerve ending [in'kæpsəleitid] 被囊神经末梢tactile['tæktail corpuscle ['kɔ:pʌsl] 触觉小体lameller corpuscle ['kɔ:pʌsl]环层小体muscle spindle ['spindl]肌梭motor nerve ending 运动神经末梢somatic[səu'mætik] motor nerve ending 躯体运动神经末梢visceral 'visərəl] motor nerve ending 脏运动神经末梢motor end plate 运动终板Circulatory System 循环系统Cardiovascular system [,kɑ:diəu'væskjulə]心血管系统heart 心walls of heart 心壁endocardium[,endəu'kɑ:diəm] 心膜endothelium [,endəu'θi:liəm]皮subendothelial layer ['leiə皮下层subendocardial layer 心膜下层Purkinje fibers 浦肯野纤维myocardium [,maiəu'kɑ:diəm]心肌膜epicardium [,epi'kɑ:diəm]心外膜artery ['ɑ:təri]动脉medium-sized artery 中动脉muscular artery 肌性动脉tunica intima ['tju:nikə] ['intimə]膜internal elastic membrane 弹性膜tunica media 中膜tunica adventitia[,ædven'tiʃiə外膜external elastic membrane 外弹性膜large artery 大动脉elastic artery 弹性动脉small artery 小动脉arteriole [ɑ:'tiəriəu]微动脉capillary [kə'piləri, 'kæpi-]毛细血管continuous capillary 连续性毛细血管fenestrated[fi'nestreitid] capillary 有孔毛细血管discontinuous sinusoidal[,sinə'sɔidl] 不连续毛细血管capillaryblood sinusoid 血窦vein [vein]静脉lymphatic [,lim'fætik] system 淋巴系统lymphatic capillary 毛细淋巴管lymphatic vessel ['vesəl]淋巴管lymphatic trunks 淋巴干lymphatic ducts 淋巴导管Immune [i'mju:n] System 免疫系统lymphoid ['limfɔid] organ 淋巴器官central lymphoid organ 中枢淋巴器官peripheral[pə'rifərəl] lymphoid organ 周围淋巴器官lymphatic tissue 淋巴组织diffuse lymphoid tissue 弥散淋巴组织lymphoid nodule ['nɔdju:l, -dʒu:l]淋巴小结immune cell 免疫细胞thymus['θaiməs]胸腺capsule['kæpsju:l]被膜interlobular septum 小叶间隔thymocyte['θaiməsait] 胸腺细胞epithelial reticular cell 上皮网状细胞thymic epithelial cell 胸腺上皮细胞thymic corpuscle 胸腺小体lymphoid node 淋巴结trabecula 小梁cortical sinus['sainəs] 皮质淋巴窦subcapsular sinus 被膜下淋巴窦peritrabecular sinus 小梁周窦superficial [,sju:pə'fiʃəl] cortex['kɔ:teks] 浅层皮质paracortex zone[pærə'kɔ:teks] 副皮质区thymus dependent area 胸腺依赖区medullary cord['medələri] 髓索medullary sinus 髓窦spleen 脾white pulp[pʌlp] 白髓periarterial lymphatic sheath 动脉周围淋巴鞘central artery 中央动脉splenic corpuscle['kɔ:pʌsl] 脾小结red pulp 红髓splenic cord 脾索splenic sinus 脾窦marginal zone['mɑ:dʒinəl] 边缘区palatine['pælətain] tonsil['tɔnsil] 腭扁桃体单核吞噬细胞系统mononuclear[,mɔnəu'nju:kliə] phagocytic[,fæɡə'sitik] systemDigestive System 消化系统digestive[di'dʒestiv tract 消化管mucosa[mju:'kəusə] 粘膜lamina propria 固有层muscularis mucosa 粘膜肌层submucosa 粘膜下层muscularis 肌层adventitia[,ædven'tiʃiə] 外膜tongue[tʌŋ] 舌lingual ['liŋɡwəl] papilla[pə'pilə] 舌乳头filiform papilla 丝状乳头fungiform['filifɔ:m] papilla 菌状乳头circumvallate [,sə:kəm'væleit] papilla 轮廓乳头esophagus[i:'sɔfəɡəs] 食管stomach 胃fundic ['fʌndik] gland 胃底腺chief cell 主细胞zymogen cell['zaiməudʒən] 胃酶细胞parietal cell[pə'raiitəl] 壁细胞oxyntic['ɔksintik] cell 泌酸细胞mucous ['mju:kəs] neck cell 颈粘液细胞small intestine[in'testin] 小肠plicae ['plaikə circularis 环行皱襞absorptive [əb'sɔ:ptiv] cell 吸收细胞striated border 纹状缘goblet cell 杯状细胞endocrine cell['endəukrain, 分泌细胞small intestinal gland 小肠腺Paneth cell 氏细胞undifferentiated cell 未分化细胞intestinal vilus 肠绒毛large intestine 大肠digestive gland 消化腺pancreas['pænkriəs] 胰exocrine portion['eksəkrain] 外分泌部pancreas islet['ailit] 胰岛glucagon ['ɡlu:kəɡɔn] 胰高血糖素insulin['insjulin 胰岛素somatostatin[,səumətə'stætin,生长抑素liver['livə] 肝hepatic [hi'pætik]lobule/liver肝小叶lobule[/'lɔbju:l/]hepatic plate/liver plate 肝板limiting plate 界板hepatocyte['hepətəsait, 肝细胞Kupffer cell 库普弗细胞hepatic sinusoid['sainəsɔid]肝血窦Disse space 狄氏间隙perisinusoidal space 窦周隙bile [bail]canaliculus[,kænə'likjuləs] 胆小管portal canal area 门管区interlobular vein 小叶间静脉interlobular artery 小叶间动脉interlobular bile duct 小叶间胆管Respiratory ['respərətəri,]System呼吸系统trachea[trə'ki:ə, 'treikiə]气管lung[lʌŋ] 肺conducting portion 导气部lobar bronchus['brɔŋkəs] 叶支气管small bronchus 小支气管bronchiole['brɔŋkiəul] 细支气管terminal ['tə:minəl]bronchiole 终末细支气管respiratory['respərətəri, portion 呼吸部respiratory bronchiole 呼吸性细支气管alveolar [æl'viələ] duct 肺泡管alveolar sac 肺泡囊pulmonary, ['pʌlmənəri acinus['æsinəs] 肺泡alveolar epithelium 肺泡上皮type Ⅰ alveolar cell Ⅰ型肺泡细胞type Ⅱ alveolar cell Ⅱ型肺泡细胞surfactant[sə:'fæktənt] 表面活性物质alveolar septum['septəm] 肺泡隔alveolar pore 肺泡孔pulmonary macrophage 肺巨噬细胞dust cell 尘细胞blood-air barrier 血－气屏障respiratory membrane 呼吸膜Urinary['juərinəri] System 泌尿系统kidney ['kidni] 肾renal['ri:nəl] cortex['kɔ:teks] 肾皮质renal medulla [me'dʌlə] 肾髓质cortical labyrinth ['læbərinθ]皮质迷路medullary ray 髓放线uriniferous tubule 泌尿小管nephron ['nefrɔn] 肾单位renal corpuscle 肾小体vascular['væskjulə] pole 血管极urinary pole 尿极renal glomerulus [ɡlɔ'merjuləs] 肾小球mesangium [me'sændʒiəm] 血管系膜mesangial cell 系膜细胞mesangial matrix['meitriks] 系膜基质renal capsule ['kæpsju:l]肾小囊parietal layer [pə'raiitəl] 壁层visceral layer ['visərəl] 脏层capsular space 肾小囊腔podocyte [pɔdə'sait] 足细胞slit membrane 裂孔膜filtration[fil'treiʃən] membrane 滤过膜filtration barrier 滤过屏障renal tubule 肾小管proximal['prɔksiməl] tubule 近端小管thin segment ['seɡmənt 细段distal tubule [dis'təl] 远端小管pars convolute ['kɔnvə,lu:t] 曲部pars recta ['rektə] 直部proximal convoluted tubule 近曲小管brush border 刷状缘lateral process 侧突basal striation 基底纵纹distal convoluted tubule 远曲小管collection tubule 集合管球旁复合体juxtaglomerular [,dʒʌkstəɡlə'merjulə]complexjuxtaglomerular apparatus [,æpə'reitəs] 肾小球旁器juxtaglomerular cell 球旁细胞renin ['ri:nin, 're-] 肾素macula ['mækjulə] densa 致密斑extraglomerular mesangial cell 球外系膜细胞Skin皮肤epidermis[,epi'də:mis] 表皮dermis['də:mis] 真皮stratum['streitəm, basale 基底层stratum spinosum 棘层stratum granulosum 颗粒层stratum lucidum 透明层stratum corneum['kɔ:niəm] 角质层melanocyte['melənəusait 黑素细胞Langerhans cell 朗格汉斯细胞papillary[pə'piləri] layer 乳头层reticular layer 网织层hypodermis[,haipəu'də:mis] 皮下组织Eye 眼eyeball 眼球fibrous tunic ['tju:nik] 纤维膜vascular tunic ['væskjulə] 血管膜retina ['retinə] 视网膜cornea['kɔ:niə] 角膜corneal epithelium 角膜上皮anterior limiting lamina 前界层corneal stroma['strəumə] 角膜基质posterior limiting lamina 后界层corneal endothelium 角膜皮layers of retina 视网膜的分层pigment['piɡmənt] epithelium layer 色素上皮层layer of rods and cones 视杆视锥层layer of bipolar [bai'pəulə] cell 双极细胞层layer of ganglion cell ['ɡæŋɡliən] 节细胞层pigment epithelial cell 色素上皮细胞visual cell ['vizjuəl] 视细胞photoreceptor cell [,fəutəuri'septə] 感光细胞rod cell 视杆细胞cone cell [kəun] 视锥细胞bipolar cell [bai'pəulə] 双极细胞ganglion cell 节细胞Endocrine System['endəukrain, -krin] 分泌系统endocrine gland 分泌腺nitrogen-['naitrədʒən] containine hormone含氮激素细胞['hɔ:məun] cellsteroid secretory [si'kri:təri] cell 类固醇分泌细胞thyroid gland['θairɔid] 甲状腺thyroid hormone 甲状腺激素follicular [fɔlikjulə] epithelial cell 滤泡上皮细胞碘化的甲状腺球蛋白thyroglobulin[,θairəu'ɡlɔbjuliŋ] iodination[,aiəudi'neiʃən]colloid['kɔlɔid] 胶体thyroxine[θai'rɔksi:n, -sin] 甲状腺素triiodothyronine(T3) 三碘甲状腺原氨酸tetraiodothyronine(T4) 四碘甲状腺原氨酸parafollicular cell 滤泡旁细胞calcitonin[,kælsi'təunin] 降钙素parathyroid[,pærə'θairɔid] 甲状旁腺chief cell 主细胞parathyroid hormone 甲状旁腺激素oxyphil cell 嗜酸性细胞adrenal[ə'dri:nəl] gland 肾上腺zona glomerulosa 球状带mineralocorticoid[,minərələu'kɔ:tikɔid] 盐皮质激素aldosterone[,ældəu'sterəun] 醛固酮zona fasiculata 束状带Glucocorticoid [,ɡlu:kəu'kɔ:tikɔid] 糖皮质激素corticosterone[,kɔ:ti'kɔstərəun 皮质酮zona reticularis 网状带chromaffin [krəu'mæfin]cell 嗜铬细胞adrenaline[ə'drenəlin epinephrine[,epi'nefrin 肾上腺素norepinephrine/noradrenaline 去甲肾上腺素pituitary gland [pi'tju:itəri] 垂体basophilic cell[,beisə'filik] 嗜碱性细胞thyrotroph 促甲状腺激素细胞thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)/thyrotropin 促甲状腺激素adrenocorticotroph(ACTH cell)/corticotroph 促肾上腺皮质激素细胞adrenocorticotropin[ə'dri:nəu,kɔ:tikəu'trɔpin] 促肾上腺皮质激素gonadotroph 促性腺激素细胞adenohypophysis[,ædənəuhai'pɔfisis] 腺垂体pars distalis 远侧部acidophilic cell[,æsidəu'filik嗜酸性细胞somatotroph ['səumətətrəuf 生长激素细胞somatotropin/growth hormone(GH) 生长激素mammotroph/prolactin cell 促乳激素细胞mammotropin[,mæməu'trəupin] 促乳激素follicle['fɔlikl] stimulating['stimjuleitiŋ]卵泡刺激素hormone(FSH)luteinizing['lu:tiinaiz] hormone(LH)黄体生成素['hɔ:məun]interstitial cell stimulating hormone(ICSH) 间质细胞刺激素chromophobe cell 嫌色细胞pars intermedia 中间部melanotroph 促黑素激素细胞melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH) 黑素细胞刺激素pars tuberalis 结节部neurohypophysis[,njuərəuhai'pɔfisis] 神经垂体pars nervosa 神经部pituicyte[pi'tju:isait] 垂体细胞Herring’s body 赫林体hypothalamus[,haipəu'θæləməs] 下丘脑supraoptic nucleus[,sju:prə'ɔptik] 视上核paraaventricular nucleus 室旁核vasopressin(VP)[,veizəu'presin 加压素antidiuretic hormone(ADH)['ænti,daijuə'retik] 抗利尿激素oxytocin(OT)[,ɔksi'təusin, -'tɔ-] 催产素infundibulum[,infʌn'dibjuləm]漏斗Male Reproductive System [,ri:prə'dʌktiv]男性生殖系统testis ['testis]睾丸seminiferous tubule [,semi'nifərəs] 生精小管interstitial tissue 间质spermatogenic epithelium生精上皮[,spə:mətəu'dʒenik,spermatogenic cell 生精细胞spermatogonium [,spə:mətəu'ɡəuniəm, 精原细胞primar spermatocyte ['spə:mətəusait, 初级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte 次级精母细胞spermatid ['spə:mətid] 精子细胞spermatozoon [,spə:mətəu'zəuən精子sustentacular cell [,sʌsten'tækjulə, 支持细胞interstitial cell 间质细胞androgen 雄激素Female Reproductive System 女性生殖系统ovary ['əuvəri] 卵巢superficial epithelium 表面上皮ovarian cortex ['kɔ:teks] 卵巢皮质ovarian medulla [me'dʌlə] 卵巢髓质hilus cell ['hailəs] 门细胞follicle ['fɔlikl] 卵泡primordial follicle [prai'mɔ:djəl] 原始卵泡primary cocyte 初级卵母细胞oogonium [,əuə'ɡəuniəm] 卵原细胞follicular cell [fɔlikjulə] 卵泡细胞primary follicle 初级卵泡zona pellucida 透明带corona [kə'rəunə] radiata ['reidi,eitə] 放射冠secondary follicle 次级卵泡follicular cavity 卵泡腔follicular fluid 卵泡液cumulus['kju:mjuləs] oophorus 卵丘stratum granulosum 颗粒层follicular theca 卵泡膜theca['θi:kə] interna 卵泡膜层theca externa 卵泡膜外层mature follicle 成熟卵泡secondary oocyte ['əuəsait] 次级卵母细胞polar body 极体first polar body 第一极体secondary polar body 第二极体ovum ['əuvəm] 卵子ovulation [,əuvju'leiʃən, ɔ-] 排卵corpus luteum 黄体granulosa[grænju'ləusə] lutein cell 颗粒黄体细胞theca lutein cell 膜黄体细胞progesterone[prəu'dʒestərəun] 孕酮estrogen ['estrədʒən] 雌激素corpus lutein of menstruation月经黄体[,menstru'eiʃən]corpus lutein of pregnancy ['preɡnənsi] 妊娠黄体corpus albicans ['ælbikəns] 白体uterus[si'rəusə, -zə] 子宫perimetrium [peri'mi:triəm] 子宫外膜serosa [si'rəusə, -zə] 浆膜fibrosa 纤维膜myometrium [,maiəu'mitriəm] 子宫肌膜endometrium [,endəu'mi:triəm] 子宫膜uterine gland ['ju:tərain] 子宫腺spiral artery ['spaiərəl] 螺旋动脉menstrual cycle ['menstruəl] 月经周期proliferative phase [prə,lifə'reitiv]增生期follicular phase [feiz] 卵泡期secretory phase 分泌期luteal phase 黄体期menstrual phase 月经期Embryology[,embri'ɔlədʒi] 胚胎学fertilization[,fə:tilai'zeiʃən] 受精cleavage['kli:vidʒ] 卵裂implantation[,implɑ:n'teiʃən 植入morula['mɔ:rjulə] 桑椹胚blastocyst['blæstəusist]卵泡germ disc 胚盘ectoderm['ektədə:m] 外胚层mesoderm['mesəudə:m, ,mez-] 中胚层endoderm['endəudə:m]胚层fetal membrane 胎膜chorion['kɔ:riən] 绒毛膜amnion['æmniən] 羊膜囊yolk sac 卵黄囊allantois[ə'læntəuis] 尿囊umbilical cord[ʌm'bilikəl] 脐带placenta[plə'sentə] 胚盘chorion['kɔ:riən] frondosum 丛密绒毛膜decidua basalis [di'sidjuə] 底蜕膜。