Abating退火Abrasion磨损Abrasive paper砂纸Abrasive wheel 砂轮Accessory 附件，活块Acicular ferrite针状铁素体Acid refractory酸性耐火材料Acid-proof cast iron / acid-resistance casting/ acid resisting cast iron耐酸铸件Acid slay酸性渣Active clay有效粘土AFS fineness美国铸造学会型砂粒度Agitator 搅拌机（型砂试验）Agitation 搅拌Air blower鼓风机Air drain 出气口（浇注系统）Air pollution control大气污染控制Air tightness气密性Air vent 出气孔Allowance 余量，津贴，补助，宽容Alloying agent 合金元素Alloying component 合金成分Anti-rust防锈Argon氩气Atomization雾化，喷雾Atomizer test雾化试验（检验金属表面油脂）Attack侵蚀Attack polishing method侵蚀抛光法Automatic charging 自动加料Automatic de-sprueing自动切除冒口Automatic molding自动造型Automatic pouring device自动浇注装置Automatic sand plant自动化砂处理装置Baked core干砂芯Balance天平/余额Ball feeder球状冒口Ball hardness布氏硬度Ball hardness testing machine布氏硬度机Ball mill球磨机Band/belt conveyer皮带输送机Band/belt elevator皮带斗式提升机Bar bend test试棒抗弯试验Base 底，基础Base line 基线Base plate底板Base sand原砂Basic碱性的，基本的Batch mill / batch sand mixer混砂机Beader pearlite珠光体Bed charge/coke底焦Belt grinder带式磨光机Bending strength抗弯强度Bentonite膨润土Binder粘结剂Bituminous coal dust/black dust煤粉Black short冷脆Black skin黑皮，铸皮Blank毛胚，下料Blast鼓风，送风Blast capacity风量Blast fan 离心式鼓风机Blast hole风口Blast intensity鼓风强度Blast pressure gage风压表Blast regulator风量调节器Blast volume风量Bleed缺肉，台箱跑火Blender混砂机，搅拌机Blind feeder/head暗冒口Blind roaster马弗炉Blind scab起痂Blister皮下气泡Blow down停炉Boiling point沸点Bond 粘结剂，合同Bond clay造型粘土Bond strength粘结强度Bottom door炉底们Bottom drop 打炉Breaking-in 带肉Brinell hardness布氏硬度Brittleness脆性Brittle fracture脆性断口，脆性断裂B type graphite B型石墨Buffing 抛光Buffing machine抛光机Bunker料斗CE carbon equivalent 碳当量Carbide 碳化物carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon monoxide一氧化碳carbon pick-up增碳carburetter 增碳剂，汽化器case hardening表面硬化case gate 内浇口casting alloy 铸造合金casting defect/ casting flaw铸造缺陷casting design铸造设计casting equipmentcasting ladle浇包casting lap铸造冷隔casting leakage铸造渗漏casting plan铸造方案casting property铸造性能casting rate浇注速度casting skin铸皮，黑皮casting strain铸造（内应力）变形casting stress铸造应力casting surface表皮casting technique铸造工艺/技术cast integral test bar单铸试棒caulk腻缝，抿灰Celsius thermometer摄氏温度计Cementite 渗碳体，碳化铁Center gate 中心浇口Center line中心线Chain hoist手动葫芦Charging加料Charger加料机Charging material 炉料/批料Chilled cast iron冷铁Chill element促白口元素Chilling action激冷作用Chilling tendency白口倾向Chrysanthemum graphite菊花状石墨Cinder inclusion夹渣Cinder notch出渣口Clay washer洗砂机Clockwise rotation顺时针方向Clowhole / contraction cavity锁孔Cold box process冷芯盒制芯法Cold lap / cold shut冷隔Collapsibility / lubricate 溃散性Consistency 稠度，浓度，一致性Continuous desulfurization 连续脱硫Contamination 污染Conveyor belt 输送带，传送带Cooling agent 冷却剂Cooling curve 冷却曲线Cooling effect冷却作用Cooling rate冷却速度Core砂芯Core boxCoremaking制芯Coresetter 下芯机Cover覆盖剂Cross gate 横浇道Crush掉砂Cupola冲天炉Cupola drop打炉Cupola lining炉衬Cupola spout出铁槽Cut-off machine切割机Damper 减震器Damping capacity / effect减震能力/效果Datum face / line 基准面/线Deadhead冒口废料Deburring 打毛刺Defect index 废品率Deformation 变形Density密度Degreaser 脱脂剂Degree of graphitization 石墨化程度Dimensional stability尺寸稳定性Descale 除锈，除氧化皮Decaling除锈，除氧化皮Design drawing 设计图Deslag扒渣Destructive testing/inspection破坏性试验/检验Desulfuration / desulphurization 脱硫Desulfurizer脱硫剂Detection 检查，摊伤Die cavity 型腔，模腔Differential hardening / heating / quenching 局部硬化/加热/淬火Diffuse扩散Dilatant膨胀Dilute 稀释，冲淡Dimensional error / tolerance 尺寸误差/公差Direction l solidification 顺序凝固，定向凝固Dirt / dirt inclusion 夹渣Disintegration 溃散，崩解，分解Disk feeder圆盘给料机Dislocation 位错Displacement 位移/置换Dissipation heat 散热Distorted patter 模变形Distortion 变形，扭曲Divorced pearlite 粒状珠光体Down runner / gate / downright 直浇口Ductile iron球墨铸铁Duff煤粉Durability耐用性，耐久性Dust catcher集尘器elastic deformation 弹性变形Elementary analysis元素分析Elevator提升机Elongation延伸率，延长Endurance耐用性，持久度Endurance limit疲劳极限Energy loss能量损失Environment contamination环境污染Environmental control污染控制Equilibrium平衡Eutectic共晶体，恭晶的Examination performance / result考试成绩Fading衰退Failure stress破坏应力Feather 毛刺，羽毛Feeding effect补缩效果Feeding gate 内浇口Feed/feeder head(=riser)/feeding head冒口Ferric铁Ferric carbide渗碳体，碳化铁Ferrite 铁素体Ferromanganese锰铁Ferromolybdenum钼铁Ferrosilicon硅铁Fettle铲除炉壁渣子File锉刀Filter paper/screen滤纸/网Fin毛刺Final machining精加工Fine silt粉尘Finished allowance 加工余量Finished surface加工面Fire brick 耐火砖Fire cracking热裂Fire resistance耐火性Fire waste烧损Fixture夹具Flake form 片状Flake graphite片状石墨Flaking off (=spalling)剥落Flash point 闪点Flaw detection探伤Floatation漂浮Flowability/fluidity流动性Flow-chart流程图Fluid contraction液态收缩Flushing流渣Fold冷隔Foreign substance杂质Forging锻造Forklift叉车Free carbide游离碳化物Free cementite 游离渗碳体Free ferrite 游离铁素体Freeting/fritting烧结Frictional coefficient摩擦系数Front slagging炉前出渣Galvanizing电镀Gas blow/hole气孔Gas blowhole气孔Gaseous diffusion气体扩散Gassy melt含气金属液Gas tightness气密性Gate area浇口面积Gating = gating system浇口，浇口系统Gating design浇口设计Gating proportion/ratio浇口比Gauge=gage表，计，规Globular cementite / pearlite粒状渗碳体/珠光体Grain-boundary segregation 晶界偏析Grain fineness distribution 粒度分布Graphite floatation 石墨漂浮Graphitization石墨化Green compression strength湿压强度Gray/grey cast iron 灰铁Grinding打磨，磨制Grinding wheel砂轮Heat loss热损失Heat stress热应力Heat-treating / heat treatment热处理Heating effect热效应Heavy casting大型铸件/厚壁铸件Heavy-walled厚壁的Holding furnace保温炉Hot tear/pool热裂Hydraulic jack液压千斤顶Hydrogen氢Hyxagonal screen六角筛Impact hardness/toughness冲击硬度/韧性Impermeability气密性，不渗透性Impression压痕，型腔，凹腔Impurity杂质Included slag夹渣Indigeous graphite析出石墨Induction感应Inoculant孕育剂Inoculation fade孕育衰退Inside diameter 内经Instantaneous ladle inoculation / stream inoculation 瞬时浇包孕育Insulation 绝缘，隔离Internal porosity内缩松Internal shrinkage 内部缩孔Internal stress内应力Inverse chill反白口Inverted chill反白口Iron carbide渗碳体，碳化铁Iron-coke ratio 铁焦比Jack千斤顶Jet test喷射试验（侧电镀层厚度）Job rate生产定额Knock-off head 易割冒口Knockout落砂，出芯Knop钮，电钮Labile不稳定的Labor-intensive area强劳动（力）区Ladle 浇包Lamellar pearlite/laminate pearlite片状珠光体Late inoculation/post inoculation 二次孕育Laying out设计Leaker浇漏，漏铁水lift truck叉车Light casting小铸件，薄壁铸件Liquidus液相线Locating point/surface基准点/面Loss on ignition 烧损Lower limit 下限Luster光泽Machinability切削性能Machine allowance加工余量Machining机械加工Macrograph宏观Magnetic flaw detection磁力探伤Magnetic field 磁场Magnetic-particle inspection磁粉探伤Magnetic powder inspection 磁粉探伤Magnification 放大倍数，放大倍率Manganese锰Margin tolerance极限公差Mass production 大量生产Matrix hardness机体硬度Mean diameter / stress平均直径/应力Mean value中间值Mechanical allowance加工余量Mechanical property 机械性能Meltableness可溶性Melting 溶解Melting capacity/ condition / efficiency熔化率/状况/效率Melting point 熔点Metal graphic microscope金相显微镜Metallic charge to coke ratio铁焦比Metallic pattern金属模Metallograph 金相图片Metallographic examination金相检验Metallographic laboratory金相试验室Metallographic microscope金相显微镜Metallographic specimen金相磨片Metallurgy冶金学Metal material 金属材料Microanalysis微量分析，显微分析Microlug球化率怀素测定试帮Micron微米Mismatch 错模Misrun缺肉，浇不到Modulus of elongation延伸率Molding line造型线Natural gas天然气Nodularization 球化Nodularizer球化剂Notch brittleness缺口脆性Off-dimension尺寸不合格（常指铸件）Off-gage尺寸不合格（常指型芯）Offset错位，偏置Operation life使用期限，寿命Outer inspection / visual inspection 外观检验Outlet出口，排出口Oxidation 氧化Oxide ferric氧化铁，三氧化二铁Partial hardening / local hardening 局部淬火Parting face分型面，分模面Pattern plate模板Patter spray 脱模液Pattern taper / patter draft拔模斜度Pearlite 珠光体Permeability test透气性试验Phosphide磷共晶，磷化物Physical property 物理性能Pig iron 生铁Pin hole针孔Pitted skin麻面（铸造缺陷）Plastic binder 树脂粘结剂Plastic deformation 塑性变形Plate feeder圆盘给料机Plating 电镀Polishing抛光Porous casting不致密铸件，多孔铸件Post inoculation 二次孕育Poured short未浇满（铸造缺陷）Preheat/preheating预热Premature freezing过早凝固Premium casting保质量逐件，优质逐件Preset program预定计划，预定程序表Pressure atmosphere大气压Pressure feeder加压冒口Production capacity 生产能力Protective gloves劳保手套Prototype casting试生产铸件Push-off推出，顶出Quench aging 淬火时效Radiator 散热器，散热片，暖气片Radioactive element放射性元素Rare earth 稀土Rare gas惰性气体Rat 多肉Reamer铰刀Reclamation再生，回用Red brittleness=hot brittleness热脆性Reducibility 还原能力Reduction in area 断面收缩Refractoriness 耐火性Refractory property 耐久性能Regulator 调节器Reinforcement 加固Rejected casting 不合格铸件Resin 树脂Returns 回炉料Reverse chill 反白口Revolving table feeder 圆盘给料机Rimhole 皮下气泡Riser 冒口Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度Rosette graphite 菊花状石墨Roughing 粗加工’Roughness 粗糙度Rounding 倒角Roust inhibitor 防锈剂Runner gate 横浇道Runner system 浇注系统Running and feeding system 浇冒口系统Rust prevention 防锈Rustless steelSafety and industrial gloves 劳动保护手套Safety factor 安全系数Safety goggle 护目镜Safety precaution 安全措施Sample inspectionSampling 取样Sand blister 砂眼Sand blow 气孔Sand buckle 起皮、夹砂Sand burning 粘砂Sand-conditioning system 砂处理系统Sand control 型砂控制Sand core 砂芯Sand cut 冲砂Sand defects 型砂造成的（铸造）缺陷Sand drop 掉砂Sand explosion 砂眼Sand fineness 砂子平均粒度Sand flowability 型砂流动性Sand mill / sand mixer / sand mixing machine / sand muller 混砂机Sand mold 砂型Sand shakeout 落砂Sand wash 冲砂Scab 铸痂Scar 凹痕Semi-finished product 半成品Sensitivity 敏感性Separate cast test bar = cast integrate test bar 单铸试棒Shakeout 落砂/落砂机Shaking conveyer 震动输送机Shift 班次Short-run 浇不满Short run casting 浇不足铸件，缺肉铸件（未浇满）Shrink hole收缩、锁孔Shrinkage porosity 缩松Shrinkage strain 收缩变形Shrinkhead 冒口Sintering 烧结Size tolerance 尺寸公差Slagging -off 除渣/扒渣Solidification contraction/shrinkage 凝固收缩Solid-liquid interface 固液相交界面Solidus/solidus curve/solidus line 固相线Solution concentration 溶液浓度Sonic inspection 听声检验Specific weight 比重Spectroanalysis 光谱分析Spherical graphite 球状石墨Spheroidal iron = ductile iron 球墨铸铁Spheroidization 球化Spindle 主轴Spotting point 基准点Steam tight test / air tight test 气密性试验Sticker / rat 多肉Straightening 校正Strength test 强度试验Stress 应力Stress relief 应力消除Subskin blowhole / subsurface blow hole / sub-surface blister 皮下气孔Superficial cementation 表面渗碳Super heating 过热Supersaturation 过饱和Surface finish 表面光洁度Surface folding 冷隔Surface roughness 表面粗糙度Swell 胀砂Tap hole 出渣口Telltale 定位标记Tenacity / tensile strength 抗拉强度/韧性Tensile testing machineTension-active element 反球化元素、干扰元素Test bar 试棒Test block 试块Test piece 试样Test specimen 试样/试棒/试块Thermal balance 热平衡Thermal conductivity 导热系数，导热性Thermaldeformation/dilatometer/expansion/fatigue 热变形/膨胀仪//膨胀/疲劳Tightness 紧密度，致密度Tolerance 公差Tooling point 基准点Tuyere gate 风眼Ultimate极限Upper limit 上限Vacuum treatment 真空处理Ventilating system/device/equipment 通风系统/装置/设备Venting quality透气性Vibratory feeder 震动给料机Vibratory shakeout machine = vibratory shakeout 震动落砂机Visual examination/inspection 外观检验Wash 冲砂Washer 洗砂机Wearability/wear resistance 耐磨性Wrinkle 皱皮Yield strength 屈服强度Zero defect casting 无缺陷铸件Zinc 锌最新铸造标准应用手册（机械工业出版社）（铸造专业词汇）Foundry terminologyfoundry founding casting铸造foundry technology铸造工艺casting铸件sand casting process型砂铸造special casting process特种铸造fluidity流动性mold-filling capacity充型能力gas absorption吸气undercooling ,supercooling过冷degree of undercooling过冷度nucleation成核homogeneous nucleation自发成核heterogeneous nucleation非自发成核solidification range凝固温度范围directional solidification定向凝固solidification contraction凝固收缩liquid contraction液态收缩solid contraction固态收缩solidification time凝固时间free contraction自由收缩hindered contraction受阻收缩shrinkage铸件线收缩率contraction stress收缩应力thermal stress热应力transformation stress相变应力casting stress铸造应力residual stress残留应力metallic raw material金属原物料pig iron生铁ferro-alloy铁合金foundry returns回炉料master alloy中间合金foundry coke铸造焦炭metallurgical coke冶金焦炭fixed carbon固定碳flux熔剂degassing flux除气熔剂covering flux覆盖熔剂refining flux精炼熔剂refractoriness耐火度firebrick耐火砖fireclay耐火黏土silica brick硅砖grain magnesite镁砂molding material造型材料sand砂washed-out sand水洗砂silica sand硅砂natural sand天然砂artificial sand人工砂naturally clay-bonded sand天然粘土砂olivine sand橄榄石砂chromite sand硌铁矿砂zircon sand锆砂carbon sand炭粒砂sharp sand精硅砂red sand红砂chamotte sand熟料砂binder粘结剂clay粘土inorganic binder无机粘结剂organic binder有机粘结剂kaolin高岭土bentonite膨润土sodium bentonite钠基膨润土calcium bentonite钙基膨润土activated bentonite活化膨润土drying oil干性油no bake binder自硬粘结剂（冷硬粘结剂）thermosetting resin binder热固树脂粘结剂oil based binder油类粘结剂water glass binder，sodium silicate binder水玻璃粘结剂lignin liquor纸浆残液synthetic fat binder合脂粘结剂水玻璃模数sodium silicate modulus附加物additives发热剂exothermic mixture分型剂（脱模剂）parting agent；stripping agent 固化剂（硬化剂）hardener悬浮剂suspending agent涂料coating型砂制备（砂处理）sand preparation混砂sand mixing；sand mulling型砂（造型混合料）molding sand芯砂（造芯混合料）core sand合成砂synthetic sand自硬砂self-hardening sand水玻璃砂sodium silicate-bonded sand覆模砂precoated sand烂砂泥（麻泥）loam调匀砂temper sand面砂facing sand背砂（填充砂）backing sand单一砂unit sand含泥量clay content含水量（水分，湿度）moisture content旧砂floor sand枯砂（焦砂）burnt sand废砂waste sand热砂hot sand松砂aeration,sand-cutting筛分（筛析）screen analysis旧砂处理sand reconditioning旧砂再生sand reclamation沉降分选elutriation，decantation型砂试验sand testing透气性permeability流动性flowability型砂强度sand strength湿强度green strength干强度dry strength耐用性（复用性）durability砂型（芯）硬度mold hardness热变形hot deformation残留强度retained strength热强度hot strength韧性toughness发气率（发气速度）gas evolution rate发气性（发气量）gas evolution吸湿性moisture absorption落砂性knock-out capability溃散性collapsibility胶质价colloid index破碎指数shatter index热气流烘砂装置hot pneumatic tube drier混砂机sand muller，sand mixer松砂机aerator ，sand cutter冷却提升机cooling elevator，coolevator筛砂机riddle磁力滚筒magnetic separator旧砂再生设备sand reclamation气力输送装置pneumatic tube conveyor铸铁cast iron铸铁石墨形态morphology of graphite in cast iron灰铸铁（灰口铸铁）gray cast iron白口铸铁white cast iron麻口铸铁mottled cast iron共晶度degree of saturation碳当量carbon equivalent片状石墨flake graphite初生石墨primary graphite孕育铸铁inoculated cast iron球墨铸铁spheroidal graphite cast iron，nodular graphite iron，ductile iron球状石墨spheroidal graphite，nodular graphite 可锻铸铁（马铁）malleable cast iron黑心可锻铸铁black heart malleable cast iron珠光体可锻铸铁pearlitic malleable cast iron铁素体可锻铸铁ferritic malleable cast iron白心可锻铸铁white heart malleable cast iron团絮石墨tempered graphite冷硬铸铁（激冷铸铁）chilled iron耐磨铸铁wear resisting cast iron耐热铸铁heat resisting cast iron耐酸铸铁acid resisting cast iron高硅铸铁high silicon cast iron蠕墨铸铁vermicular cast iron，compacted graphite cast iron蠕虫状石墨vermicular graphite合金铸铁alloy cast iron铸钢cast steel碳素铸钢carbon cast steel低合金铸钢low alloy cast steel高锰钢high manganese steel铁素体钢ferritic steel青铜bronze铅青铜lead bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze黄铜brass铝铜合金aluminum-copper alloy铝镁合金aluminum-magnesium alloy铝硅合金aluminum-silicon alloy镁合金magnesium alloy轴承合金（减摩合金）bearing metal，antifrictional metal巴氏合金Babbitt metal钛合金titanium alloy熔化（熔炼）melting重熔remelting炉料charge熔化率melting rate炉料计算charge calculation双联熔炼duplexing元素烧损（元素烧损率）melting losses of various chemical elements熔炼损耗(烧损) total melting loss还原气氛reducing atmosphere氧化气氛oxidizing atmosphere惰性气体inert gas碱度index of basicity碱性渣basic slag酸性渣acid slag精炼refining遗传性heredity风口比tuyere ratio有效高度effective height送风强度blast intensity预热送风hot blast底焦coke bed层焦coke split隔焦buffer coke charge炉衬furnace lining碱性炉衬acid lining棚料bridging熔池bath吸碳carbon pick-up焦铁比iron coke ratio出渣deslagging打炉cupola drop氧化熔炼法oxidizing melting不氧化熔炼法dead melting真空熔炼vacuum refining熔渣slag沉渣sludge浮渣dross,cinder氧化期oxidizing stage还原期blocking stage还原渣reducing slag氧化渣oxidizing slag白渣white slag脱氧deoxidation扒渣slagging-off脱碳decarburization脱硫desulphurization脱磷dephosphorization增碳recarburizing脱氧剂deoxidizer挥发损耗volatilizing losses静置stewing，holding吹氮nitrogen flushing冲天炉cupola水冷冲天炉water-cooled cupola热风冲天炉hot blast cupola湿法除尘器wet cap炉缸cupola well前炉forehearth冲天炉加料机cupola charging machine爬式加料机ship hoist电磁配料称electro-magnetic weighing balancer 电磁盘electromagnetic chuck电弧炉direct arc furnace感应电炉electric induction furnace电渣炉electroslag furnace 电磁搅拌electromagnetic agitation浇包ladle摇包shaking ladle底浇包bottom pouring ladle保温炉holding furnace坩呙炉crucible furnace孕育inoculation多孔塞法porous plug process变质modification墨化剂graphitizer过热superheating石墨球化处理nodularizing treatment of graphite碳当量仪eutectometer三角试块wdge test-piece真空除气vacuum degassing浇注pouring保护气氛浇注pouring under controlled atmosphere浇注速度pouring rate浇注温度pouring temperature浇注时间pouring time浇注位置pouring position型内孕育inmold inoculation压铁weight点冒口teeming捣冒口pumping补炉patching炉龄campaign铸造工艺设计mold design铸造工艺装备设计foundry tools design铸造工艺图foundry molding drawing铸件图drawing of rough casting起模斜度pattern draft收缩余量shrinkage allowance工艺补正量molding allowance加工余量machining allowance吃砂量mo9ld thickness补贴pad分型负数joint allowance铸件尺寸公差dimensional allowance of casting铸件重量公差weight allowance of casting铸件加工基准面reference face for machining of casting铸件表面粗糙度surface roughness of casting浇注系统（浇口）gating system，running system 封闭式浇注系统chocked running system，pressurized gating system半封闭式浇注系统enlarged runner system开放式浇注系统unchecked running system，non-pressurized gating system浇口盆（外浇口）pouring basin浇口杯pouring cup浇口塞blanking-off plug直浇道sprue直浇道窝sprue base横浇道runner筛网芯（滤网芯）strainer core内浇道ingate离心集渣浇注系统whirl gate，dirt trap system 顶注式浇注系统top gating system底注式浇注系统bottom gating system阶梯式浇注系统step gating system雨淋浇口shower gate缝隙浇口slot gate压边浇口lip runner，kiss runner牛角式浇口horn gate热结hot spot冒口riser，feeder head冒口效率riser efficiency明冒口open riser暗冒口bland riser侧冒口（边冒口）side riser压力冒口pressure riser大气压力冒口atmospheric riser发气压力冒口（气弹冒口）gas-delivered pressure riser透气砂芯pencil core冒口径riser neck冒口根riser pad保温冒口套heat insulating feeder sleeve发热冒口套exorhermic feeder sleeve补缩距离feeding distance，feeding zone易割冒口knock-off head易割片（易割芯片）washburn core铸造工艺装备foundry tools and equipment模样（铸模、模）pattern母模master金属模metal pattern骨架模skeleton pattern石膏模plaster pattern塑料模plaslicn pattern整体模one-piece pattern分开模parted pattern，split pattern活块loose piece模板pattern plate模底板pattern mounting plate单面模板single face pattern plate双面模板match plate放样（伸图）hot dimensional drawing缩尺（模样工缩尺）shrinkage rule，pattern-maker’s rule芯盒core box脱落式芯盒troughed core box下芯量具core setting scale下芯夹具core jig烘芯板core drying plate砂箱flask，molding box箱带（箱挡）flask bar，cross bar脱箱snap flask套箱mold jacket套销hollow pin，stub pin造型molding型腔mold cavity7.1.3铸型mold砂型sand mold上箱cope , top part下箱drag , bottom part手工造型hand molding机器造型machine molding自动化造型automatic molding分型面mold joint有箱造型flask molding两箱造型two-part molding三箱造型three-part molding不平分型面stepped joint无箱造型flaskless molding脱箱造型removable flask molding地坑造型pit molding刮板造型sweep molding抛砂造型impeller ramming组芯造型core assembly molding假箱造型oddside molding微振压造型vibratory squeezing molding高压造型high pressure molding湿砂型green sand mold干砂型dry sand mold砂型烘干mold drying干砂型（干型）dry sand mold表面烘干型skin dried mold烂砂泥型loam mold砂床bed过渡角transition angle吊砂cod砂钩lifter负亚造型vacuum molding液态砂造型fluid sand molding漏砂pattern stripping填砂molding-filling紧实ramming震实jolt ramming压实squeezing ramming紧实度degree of ramming二氧化碳法造型2CO process自硬砂造型self-hardening sand molding塞砂tucking刮砂strike-off造型生产线molding line刷水swabbing扎出气孔venting排气道venting channel修型patching冷铁densener，chill外冷铁surface densener内冷铁internal densener验型（验箱）trial closing合型（合箱、组型）mold assembling，closing造芯（制芯）core making芯（芯子）core芯骨core rod，core scab油砂芯oil sand core预制砂embeded core，ram up core芯头core print芯座core print芯头斜度core print taper芯头间隙core print clearance壳芯shell core烘芯core baking通气蜡线vent wax冷芯盒法cold box process热芯盒法hot box process芯撑chaplethand tools of molding压勺heart and spoon提钩cleaner双头铜勺double ended radius sleeker镘刀trowel造型机molding machine压实造型机squeezing molding machine震击台bumper振动台vibrating table微振压实造型机vibratory squeezer震实造型机jolt molding machine高压造型机high pressure molding machine射压造型机shooting and squeezing molding machine多触头造型机equalizing piston squeezer抛砂机sand slinger起模机drawing machine射芯机core shooter击芯机core extruder铸型输送机mold conveyor落砂shake-out除芯decoring喷砂清理sand blasting抛丸清理shot blasting水力清砂hydraulic blast水砂清砂hydraulic blast清理cleaning清砂cleaning火焰表面清理scarfing清铲chipping化学清砂chemical cleaning精整dressing and finishing落砂机knock-out machine抛丸清理机shot blast machine清理滚筒tumbling barrel抛丸落砂清理设备shot blast reclaiming equipment悬挂式磨轮swing frame grinder矫正coining焊补repair welding参补impregnation金属型铸造permanent mold casting金属型metal mold金属芯metal core覆砂金属型sand-lined metal mold排气赛venting plug排气槽air vent龟裂heat checking金属型铸造机gravity die casting machine压力铸造die-casting压铸型die-casting die动型moving die定型fixed die合型力clamping force压室pressure chamber鹅颈管gooseneck分流器spreader顶杆ejector pin溢流槽overflow well压射冲头injection piston压射比压injection pressure压射速度injection speed保压时间dwell time真空压铸vacuum die casting冲氧压铸pore-free die casting双冲头压铸acurad die casting压铸机die casting machine冷室压铸机cold chamber die casting machine 热室压铸机hot chamber die casting machine镶铸法insert process 离心铸造true centrifugal casting半离心铸造semi-centrifugal casting离心浇注centrifugal pressure casting双金属离心铸造bimetal centrifugal casting 离心铸造机centrifugal casting machine失模铸造lost pattern casting熔模铸造fusible pattern molding压制熔模fusible pattern injection压型pattern die熔模fusible pattern盐模salt pattern蜡模wax-pattern模组pattern assembly熔模涂料slurry面层涂料investment precoat撒砂stuccoing脱蜡dewaxing培烧sintering壳型制造shell molding结壳时间investing time结壳温度investing temperature硬化温度curing temperature硬化时间curing time陶瓷型制造ceramic slurry灌浆paste pouring喷烧torch firing低压铸造low-pressure diecasting充型压力mold filling pressure保压压力dwell pressure升液管stalk真空吸铸suction casting差压铸造counter-pressure casting实型铸造full mold process泡沫塑料模Styrofoam pattern磁型铸造magnetic shot molding process凝壳铸造slush casting石膏型造型plaster molding连续铸造continuous casting铸件检验inspection of casting铸件质量分析quality analysis of casting铸件外观质量visual quality of casting铸件内在质量internal quality of casting铸件使用性能service ability of casting单铸试块separated test bar of casting附铸试块test lug缺陷铸件defective casting废品reject无损检验（无损探伤）nondestructive inspection 破坏性试验destructive testing飞翅（飞边）joint flash毛刺veining抬型（抬箱）cope raise，raised mold胀砂swell冲砂erosion，cut，wash掉砂drop，crush外渗物（外渗豆）sweat气孔blowhole针孔pinhole缩孔shrinkage缩松dispersed shrinkage疏松（显微缩松）porosity，microshrinkage冷裂cold cracking热裂hot tearing热处理裂纹heat treatment crack白点（发裂）flake冷隔cold shut，cold lap浇注断流interrupted pour鼠尾rat-tail沟槽buckle夹砂结疤（夹砂）scab机械粘砂(渗透粘砂) metal penetration化学粘砂（烧结粘砂）burn-on表面粗糙rough surface皱皮elephant skin缩陷depression浇不到misrun未浇满poured short跑火run-out，bleeding型漏（漏箱）run-out，bleeding损伤（机械损伤）damage 拉长exaggeration of dimension超重over-weight变形distortion，warping错型（错箱）shift错芯core shift偏芯（漂芯）core raised，corelift夹杂物inclusion冷豆cold shot内渗物（内渗豆）internal sweat渣气孔scum，slag-blow hole砂眼sand inclusion亮皮pearlite layer菜花头cauli-flowering石墨漂浮carbon flotation石墨集结kish graphite spot组织粗大open grain structure偏析segregation硬点hard spot反白口inverse chill球化不良under-nodularizing球化衰退degradated spheroidisation 脱碳decarburization。