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引语的口译

习语、引语的口译口译实践中,译员经常会遇到习语、引语的互译。

特别是为国家元首、高级官员、文化人士、社会名流做口译时,译员会发现他们在事先精心准备的讲话或随意交谈中, 时常出其不意的借用本国或外国习语,引用名人或名著中的妙语佳句来表达自己的立场、观点或赞颂对方的民族和文化。

例如,英国前首相撒切尔和美国前几届总统访华时,都在不同场合的讲话中有意引用中国习语或引语,借以表达他们的立场和观点。

美国总统尼克松1972年1月访华时在宴会祝酒词中引用毛泽东主席诗词中的话。

他说:Chairman has written: So many deeds cry out to be done, and always urgently; the world rolls on, time presses. Ten thousand years are too long;seize the day,seize the hour! This is the hour. This is the day for our two people… (毛出席写过:多少事,从来急;天地转,光阴迫。

一万年太久,只争朝夕!现在就是我们两国人民只争朝夕的时候了……)英国首相撒切尔在她1982年9月的访华讲话中引用唐代诗人的佳句:In a poem addressed to a departing friend, one of your Tang poets said: “provided our friendship survives, distances mean very little; although dwelling on far horizons we can still be as near neighbors. ” (在一首送别朋友的诗中,贵国唐代一位诗人曾写道:“海内存知己,天涯若比邻。

”)美国总统里根1984年4月访华时在人民大会堂的讲演中说: We only regret that our visit is so brief that we can only look at the flowers while riding on horseback,But you have a saying from the Book of Han which says: “To see a thing once is better than hearing about it a hundred times.(遗憾的是我们的行程太匆忙,只能走马观花地看一看。

但你们在《汉书》中也有一句话,叫做“百闻不如一见”。

)他在欢迎宴会的祝词中说:And as a saying from the Book of Changes goes, “ if two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal.” (正如你们《易经》中一句话说的那样,“二人同心,可以断金”。

)美国总统乔治﹒布什在他1989年2月的访华讲话中说: Let us plant trees together, so that the next generation, yours and ours can sit together in the shade.(让我们来一起种树,这样,我们的后代就能一起在树下乘凉。

)美国总统克林顿1998年6月访华时在国宴祝词中说:In so many different ways, we are upholding the teachings o f Mencius, who said: “ A good citizen in one community will befriend the other citizens of the community; good citizens of the world will befriend of the other citizens of the world.” (我们是以如此不同的方式在维护孟子的教导,他说:“一乡之善士斯友一乡之善士,天下之善士斯友天下之善士。

”)同样,江泽民主席访美时在哈佛大学的演讲中引用中国古代思想家的话“亲仁善邻,国之宝也。

”( Loving people and treating neighbors kindly are most valuable to a country ) 他在为他举行的欢迎宴会的讲话中引用了美国诗人朗费罗的诗句:“只要行动起来,我们每个明天都会比今天进步。

”“行动起来吧,让我们马上就开始。

”(But to act that each tomorrow finds us farther than today. Act-----act in the living present.)朱镕基总理1999年4月访美时,在一次记者招待会上回答某记者有关人权问题的提问时, 引用了“民为贵,社稷次之,君为轻。

”的古语,( The people are the most important element in a state. Next are the gods of land and grain; least is the ruler himself. ) 表明中国向来十分重视人权问题。

任何一种语言的习语、引语都与使用该语言的民族的历史、经济、文化、风俗习惯、价值观念、地理位置等密切相关。

因此,习语、引语有明显的民族特色,是人民群众智慧的结晶,是经过长期使用而提炼出来的妙语名言。

习语、引语准确、快速、流利的互译可以简明、生动、形象、有力地表达说话人的思想、观点和情感,增强语言的魅力和表达效果。

习语、引语的口译也是译员经常遇到的难题之一。

那么,口译中译员怎样才能准确、快速、生动形象地进行习语、引语的互译呢?习语就其广义而言,包括成语、俗语、谚语、歇后语等。

习语、引语的成功口译主要靠译员两种语言的扎实功底,包括对两种语言的词汇、文学、文化背景知识的丰富积累和口译技巧的熟练掌握。

习语的口译主要有三种方法:直译、直译与转换相结合和意译法。

1. 直译法对结构和意义上完全对应的习语应采用对等直译法。

把原语的习俗、比喻移植到译入语中,这样既能确切地表达原意,又能保留原语生动、形象、鲜明的民族色彩。

直译是习语口译中最容易、最便捷,也是效果最佳的译法。

英汉两种语言中很多习语,包括很多汉语歇后语都可以采用直译法。

这是英汉两种文化互相交流和两种语言相互溶入的结果。

以下英汉习语的互译就属这一类。

英语习语的汉译stony heart / have a heart of stone 铁石心肠plain sailing 一帆风顺in black and white 白纸黑字flesh and blood 亲骨肉;亲人as firm as a rock 坚如磐石to be led by the nose 被牵着鼻子走to show one's cards 摊牌to be armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿to turn a deaf ear to… 充耳不闻to pick bones from an egg 鸡蛋里面挑骨头Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母Honesty is the best policy. 诚实是上策Children and fools tell the truth. 童愚吐真言Evil is rewarded with evil. 恶有恶报Content is happiness. 知足者常乐Know your own faults before blaming others for theirs.欲责他人,应先知己过;欲正人,先正己。

One swallow does not make a summer. 一燕难成夏。

汉语习语的英译一心一意with one heart and one mind沧海一滴 a drop in the ocean轻如鸿毛as light as a feather实事求是to seek truth from facts一见如故to feel like old friends at the first meeting同甘共苦to share each other's joys and hardships掩耳盗铃to plug one's ears while stealing a bell知识就是力量。

Knowledge is power.一寸光阴一寸金, 寸金难买寸光阴。

An inch of time is worth an inch of gold,but an inch of gold cannot purchase an inch of time.一回生,两回熟。

First meeting, strangers; second meeting, old friends.一年之计在于春。

The whole year's work depends on a good start in spring.一鸟在手远胜两鸟在林。

A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.兔子尾巴——长不了。

Like a rabbit tail-----it cannot grow any longer-----it won't last long.搬起石头砸自己的脚——自作自受to lift a rock only to drop it on one's own feet-----to suffer from what one has done鳄鱼掉眼泪——假慈悲crocodile shedding tears------pretending to be benevolent2. 直译和转换相结合对一些结构上对应或部分对应,比喻相似、意思相近的习语应采用直译和转换相结合的方法,对等部分直译,不对等部分进行适当转换。

按照英汉两种语言各自的习俗、比喻和习惯表达方法译出,做到既能确切表达原意,又符合译入语的习俗和比喻。

以下习语就是采用这种方法互译的。

as blind as a bat 有眼无珠as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠on pins and needles 如坐针毡as poor as a church mouse 一贫如洗to kill two birds with one stone 一箭双雕to wake up a sleeping dog 打草惊蛇to beat the dog before the lion 杀鸡给猴看Lock the door after the horse is stolen. 亡羊补牢。

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