改错: 历年全真试题及参考答案(00.1-06.12)00.1Until the very latest moment of his existence, manhas been bound to the planet on which he originated anddeveloped. Now he had the capability to leave that planet S1._______and move out into the universe to those worlds which hehas known previously only directly. Men have explored S2._______parts of the moon, put spaceships in orbit around anotherplanet and possibly within the decade will land into anotherS3._______planet and explore it. Can we be toobold as toS4._______suggest that we may be able to colonize other planetS5._______within the not - too - distant future ? Some have advocatedsuch a procedure as a solution to the populationproblem: ship the excess people off to the moon. Butwe must keep in head the billions of dollars we mightS6._______spend in carrying out the project. To maintain theearth's population at its present level, we would haveto blast off into space 7,500 people every hour ofevery day of the year.Why are we spending so littlemoney on spaceS7._______exploration ? Consider the greatneed for improvingS8._______many aspects of the global environment, one is surelyjustified in his concern for the money and resourcesthat they are poured into the space exploration efforts.S9._______But perhaps we should look at both sides of thecoin before arriving hasty conclusions.S10._______00.6When you start talking about good and bad mannersyou immediately start meetingdifficulties. Manypeople just cannot agree what they mean. We asked alady, who replied that she thought you could tell awell-mannered person on the way they occupied the S1._______space around them—for example, when such a personwalks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of S2._______others. Such people never bump into other people.However, a second person thought that this wasmore a question of civilized behavior as good manners. S3._______Instead, this other person told us a story, it heS4._______said was quite well known, about an American whohad been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countriesS5._______of the Middle East. The American hasn't beenS6._______told very much about the kind of food he mightexpect. If he had known about American food, heS7._______might have behaved better.Immediately before him was a very flat piece ofbread that looked, to him, very much as a napkin (餐巾).S8._______Picking it up, he put it into his collar, so that itfalls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had beenS9._______watching, said of nothing, but immediately copiedS10._______the action of his guest.And that, said this second person, was a fineexample of good manners.01.6More people die of tuberculosis (结核病) than of anyother disease caused by a single agent. This has probablybeen the case in quite a while. During the early stagesof S1. ________the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh S2.________deaths in Europe's crowded cities were caused by the S3. ________ disease. From now on, though, western eyes, missing the S4. ________ global picture, saw the trouble going into decline. With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death andinfection in the Europe and America dropped steadily S5. ________through the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1950s, the introduction of antibiotics (抗菌素) strengthened thetrend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowedto be imported to poor countries.Medicalresearchers S 6. ________declared victory and withdrew.They are wrong. In the mid-1980s the frequency of S7. ________ infections and deaths started to pick up again around theworld. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came back; in S8. ________ many places where it had never been away, it grew better. S9. ________The World Health Organization estimates that 1.7billion people (a third of the earth's population) sufferfrom tuberculosis. Even when the infection rate wasfalling, population growth kept the number of clinicalcases more or less constantly at 8 million a year. Around S10. ________3 million of those people died, nearly all of them in poor countries.02.1Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of huntingbehavior. Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a S1.________member of a disguised hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned intoa harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim isinaccurate S2.________and he scores a goal, enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing hisprey. S3._________To understand how thistransformation has taken placewemust briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over aS4.________million year evolving asco-operative hunters. Theirvery survivalS5._______depended on success in thehunting-field. Under thispressure their wholeway of life, even if their bodies, became radically changed. They became S6.________chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers.They co-operate as skillfulmale-group attackers.S7.________Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely longS8.________formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new S9._______use-that of penning ( 把……关在圈中), controlling and domesticatingtheir prey. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. Therisks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival. S10._______02.6A great many cities are experiencing difficulties whichare nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale.Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not foundnew one. And any large or rich city is going to attract poorS1._________immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of prosperityS2._________which are then often disappointing. There are backward townson the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there wereS3._________on the edge of seventeenth-century London or early nine-teenth-century Paris. This is new is the scale. DescriptionsS4._________written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there,S5._________are very dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today －theS6._________poor can still be numbered in millions.The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity,but behind it lies two myths: the myth of the city as aS7._________promised land, that attracts immigrants from rural povertyS8._________and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of theS9._________country as a Garden of Eden, which,a few generations late,S10._________sends them flooding out again to the suburbs.03.6The Seattle Times Company is one newspaper firm thathas recognized the need for change and done something aboutit. In the newspaper industry, papers must reflect the diversityof the communities to which they provide information.It must reflect that diversity with their news coverage or riskS1._______losing their readers' interest and their advertisers' support.Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racialS2.________minorities, the paper has put into place policies andprocedures for hiring and maintain a diverse workforce. TheS3._______underlying reason for the change is that for information to befair, appropriate, and subjective, it should be reported by theS4._________same kind of population that reads it.A diversity committee composed of reporters, editors, and photographers meets regularly to value the Seattle Times'S5.________content and to educate the rest of the newsroom staff aboutdiversity issues. In an addition, the paper instituted a contentS6.________audit(审查) that evaluates thefrequency and manner of representation of woman and people of color in photographs.S7._________Early audits showed that minorities were pictured far too infrequently and were pictured with a disproportionatenumber of negative articles. The audit results from S8.________improvement in the frequency of majority representation and S9.________their portrayal in neutral or positive situations. And, with a S10._______result, the Seattle Times has improved as a newspaper.The diversity training and content audits helped the SeattleTimes Company to win the PersonnelJournal Optimal Awardfor excellence in managing change.03.9"Home, sweet home" is a phrase that expresses an essential attitudein the United States. Whether the reality of life in the familyhouse is sweet or no sweet. The cherished ideal of home has great S1.________importance for many people.This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth-century European settlers of theAmerican West, was to find a piece of place, build a house for one'sS2.________family, and started a farm. Thesesmall households were portraits of S3.________independence: the entirefamily--mother, father, children, evengrandparents—live in a small house and working together to supportS4.________each other. Anyone understood the life and death importance of family S5.________cooperation and hard work.Although most people in the United States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership is just as strong in the twentieth S6.________ century as it was in the nineteenth.When U.S, soldiers came home before World War II, forS7.________example, they dreamed of buyinghouses and starting families. But there S8.________was a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically in the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but itS9.________satisfied a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of S10.________ their way of life.03.12Thomas Malthus published his "Essay on the Principle of Population" almost 200 years ago. Ever since then, forecastershave being warning that worldwide famine was just around the S1________next corner. The fast-growingpopulation's demand for food,they warned, would soon exceed their supply, leading to S2________widespread food shortages and starvation.But in reality, the world's total grain harvest has risensteadily over the years. Except for relative isolated trouble spots S3________like present-day Somalia, and occasional years of good harvests, S4________the world's food crisis has remained just around the corner. Most experts believe this can continue even as if the population S5________doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding 10 billionpeople will not be easy for politics,economic and environmental S6________reasons. Optimists point to concrete examples of continued improvements in yield. In Africa, by instance, improved seed, S7________more fertilizer and advanced growing practices have more than double corn and wheat yields in an experiment. Elsewhere, rice S8________experts in the Philippines are producing a plant with few stems S9_________and more seeds. There is no guarantee that plant breeders can continue to develop new, higher-yielding crop, but most researchers see their success to date as reason for hope. S10________04.6Culture refers to the social heritage of a people - thelearned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterizea population or society, include the expression of these S1._______patterns in material things. Culture is compose of non-material S2._______culture -abstract creations like values, beliefs, customsand institutional arrangements and material culture -physical object like cooking pots, computers and bathtubs. S3._______In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everythingS4._______we make. In ordinary speech, a person of culture isthe individual can speak another language - the person who S5._______is unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or S6._______history. But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured,because of culture is the common world of experience we S7._______share with other members of our group.Culture is essentially to our humanness. It provides a S8._______kind of map for relating to others. Consider how you findyour way about social life. How doyou know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person whosmiles or laugh at you? S9._______Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, S10._______ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations. Therefore, if we know a persons culture, we can understandand even predict a good deal of his behavior.05.1The World Health Organization (WHO) says its ten-yearcampaign to remove leprosy (麻风病) as a world healthproblem has been successful. Doctor Brundtland, head of theWHO, says a number of leprosy cases around the world hasS1._______been cut of ninety percent during the past ten years. She says S2._______efforts are continuing to complete end the disease. S3._______Leprosy is caused by bacteria spread through liquid fromthe nose and mouth. The disease mainly effects the skin and S4._______nerves. However, if leprosy is not treated it can cause permanent damage for the skin, nerves, eyes, arms or legs. S5.________In 1999, an international campaign began to end leprosy. The WHO, governments ofcountries most affected by the disease, and several other groups are part of the campaign.This alliance guarantees that all leprosy patients, even they S6._______are poor, have a right to the most modern treatment.Doctor Brundtland says leprosy is no longer a diseasethat requires life-long treatments by medical experts. Instead, patients can take that is called a multi-drug therapy. This S7._______modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months,depend on the form of the disease. The treatment combines S8.________several drugs taken daily or once a month. The WHO hasgiven multi-drug therapy to patients freely for the last five S9.________years. The members of the alliance against leprosy plan totarget the countries which still threatened by leprosy. Among S10_______the estimated 600,000 victims around the world, the WHObelieves about 70% are in India. The disease also remains a problem in Africa and South America.05.12Every week hundreds of CVs(简历) land on our desks.We’ve seen it all: CVs printed on pink paper, CVs that are 10pages long and CVs with silly mistakes in first paragraph. AS1 ________good CV is your passport to an interview and ,ultimate , to S2________the job you want.Initial impressions are vital, and a badly presented CVcould mean acceptance, reg ardless of what’s in it. S3_______Here are a few ways to avoid end up on the reject pile. S4_______Print your CV on good-quality white paper.CVs with flowery backgrounds or pink paper willstand out upon all the wrong reasons.S5_______Get someone to check for spelling and grammaticalerrors, because a spell-checker will pick up every S6________mistake. CVs with errors will be rejected－it showsthat yo u don’t pay attention to detail.Restrict your self to one or two pages, andlisting any publications or referees on a separate sheet. S7_______If you are sending your CV electronically, check theformatting by sending it to yourself first. keep up S8_______the format simple.Do not send a photo unless specifically requested. Ifyou have to send on ,make sure it is one taking in aS9________professional setting, rather than a holiday snap.Getting the presentation right is just the first step. Whatabout the content? The Rule here is to keep it factual andtruthful-exaggerations usually get find out. And remember S10_______to tailor your CV to each different job.06.6Until recently, dyslexia and other reading problems werea mystery to most teachers and parents. As a result, too manykids passed through school without master the printed page. S1_______Some were treated as mentallydeficient; many were left functionally illiterate(文盲的), unable to ever meet their potential. But in the last several years, there’s been arevolution in that we’ve learned about reading and dyslexia. S2_______Scientists are using a variety of new imaging techniques towatch the brain at work. Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect, S3_______faulty writing in the brain－not lazy, stupidity or a poor home S4________environmen t. There’s also convincing evidence which dyslexia S5________is largely inherited. It is nowconsidered a chronic problemfor some kids, not just a “phase”. Scientists have alsodiscarded another old stereotype that almost all dyslexics areboys. Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as well－S6________and not getting help.At same time, educational researchers have come up S7________with innovative teaching strategies for kids who are havingtrouble learning to read. New screening tests are identifying children at risk before they get discouraged by year of S8________frustration and failure. And educators are trying to get the message to parents that theyshould be on the alert for thefirst signs of potential problems. It’s an urgent miss ion. Mass literacy is a relative new S9________social goal. A hundred years ago people didn’t need to begood readers in order to earn a living. But in the InformationAge, no one can get by with knowing how to read well and S10________understand increasingly complex material.06.12老六级The most important starting point for improving the understanding of science is undoubtedly an adequatescientific education at school. Public attitude towardsscience owe much the way science is taught in these S1________institutions. Today, school is what most people come into S2________contact with a formal instruction and explanation of sciencefor the first time, at least in a systematic way. It is at thispoint which the foundations are laid for an interest in science. S3________what is taught (and how) in this first encounter will largely determine an individual’s view of the subject in adult life. Understanding the original of the negative attitudes S4________towards science may help us to modify them. Most educationsystem neglect exploration, understanding and reflection. S5________Teachers in schools tend to present science as a collection of facts, often by more detail than necessary. As a result, S6________children memorize processes such as mathematical formulasor the periodic table, only to forget it shortly afterwards. The S7________task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makeslearning laborious, boring and efficient. Such a purely S8________empirical approach, which consists of observation anddescription, is also, in a sense, unscientific or incomplete.There is therefore a need for resources and methods ofteaching that facilitates a deep understanding of science in S9________an enjoyable way. Science should not only be ‘fun’ in thesame way as playing a video game, but ‘hard fun’----a deepfeeling of connection made possibly only by imaginative S10________engagement.06年12月新六级The National Endowment for the Arts recently releasedthe results of its “Reading at Risk” survey, which describedthe movement of the American public away from books and literature and toward televisionand electronic media.According to the survey, “reading is on the decline on every S1________region, within every ethnic group, and at every educational level.”The day the NEA report released, the U.S. House, in a tie S2________vote, upheld the government’s right to obtain bookstore andlibrary records under a provision of the USA Patriot Act. TheHouse proposal would have barred the federal governmentfrom demand library records, reading lists, book customer S3________lists and other material in terrorism and intelligence investigations. These two events are completely unrelated to, yet theyS4________echo each other in the message they send about the place ofbooks and reading in American culture. At the heartof the NEA survey is the belief in our democratic S5________system depends on leaders who can think critically, analyzetexts and writing clearly. All of these are skills promoted by S6________reading and discussing books and literature. At the same time, through a provision of the Patriot Act, the leaders of ourcountry are unconsciously sending the message that readingmay be connected to desirable activities that might S7________undermine our system of government rather than helping democracy flourish.Our culture’s decline in reading begin well before the S8________existence of the Patriot Act. During the 1980s’ culture wars,school systems across the country pulled some books fromlibrary shelves because its content was deemed by parents S9________and teachers to be inappropriate. Now what started in schools across the country is playing itself out on a nation stage andS10________is possibly having an impact on the reading habits of theAmerican public.参考答案：00.1S1. had→has S2.directly→indi rectlyS3. into→on S4. too→soS5.plant→planet s / worldsS6.head→mind S7.little→much S8.Consider→Co nsideringS9. they→/S10. (arriving)∧(h asty)→at00.6S1. on→byS2.unaware→aw areS3. as→thanS4. it→which S5. at→inS6.hasn't→hadn' tS7.American→Ar abS8. as→likeS9. falls→fell S10. of→/01.6S1. in→forS2. seventh→sev enS3.were→wasS4.now→thenS5. the→/S6.imported→ex portedS7.are→wereS8. (tuberculosis)∧(vanished)→hadS9.better→wors eS10.cons tantly→c onstant02.1S1.Viewing→Vie wedS2. inaccurate→a ccurate S3.(,)∧(enjoys)→heS4. up→/S5.year→yearsS6. if→/S7.co-operate→c o-operated S8.when→after S9.were→wasS10.farming→hunting02.6S1.(found)∧(new )→aS2.filling→filled S3. though→/ S4.This→WhatS5.was→wereS6.dissimilar→si milarS7. lies→lieS8.that→whichS9. it→them S10.late→later03.6S1.it→theyS2.percents→percentS3.maintain→maintainingS4.subjective→objectiveS5.meets→m eetS6.an→/S7.woman→w omenS8.from→inS9.majority→minorityS10.with→as03.9S1. no→notS2.place→land S3.started→star tS4.working→wor kS5.anyone→ever yoneS6. but→/S7.before→after S8. But→So S9. it→they S10. (house)∧(the)→as03.12S1.being→been S2. their→its S3.relative→rela tivelyS4.good→badS5. as→/S6.politics→polit ical S7. by→forS8.double→doub ledS9.few→moreS10.(as)∧(reason)→the04.6S1.include→incl udingS2.compose→composedS3.object→objec tsS4. or→and S5. (individual)∧(can)→whoS6.unfamiliar→fa miliarS7. of→/S8. essentially→essential S9.laugh→laugh sS10. by→with05.1S1. a→theS2. of→byS3.complete→co mpletelyS4.effects→affe ctsS5. for→toS6. (even) ∧(they)→if/tho ughS7.that→whatS8.depend→dep endingS9.freely→freeS10. (which)∧(still)→are05.12S1. (in)∧(first)→theS2.ultimate→ulti matelyS3. acceptance→unacceptanc eS4.end→ending S5. upon→/S6. (will)∧(pick)→notS7.listing→lis tS8.up→/S9.taking→ta kenS10.find→fou nd06.6S1master→mast eringS2that→which S3 an→/S4lazy→lazines sS5which→that S6affecting→aff ectedS7 (at)∧(same)→the S8year→yearsS9relative→rela tivelyS10with→without06.12老S1.(much)∧(the)→toS2.what→wh ereS3.which→th atS4.original→o riginS5.system→s ystemsS6.by→inS7.it→them S8.efficient→inefficientS9.facilitates →facilitateS10.possibly →possible06.12新S1. on→inS2. (report)∧(released)→w asS3.demand→de mandingS4. to→/。