Module 6 Grammar定冠词与零冠词的用法一.定冠词定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这)个"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
In the morning, playing the piano towards the sun rising in the east is the first thing i want to do, and it is the most interesting thing for me.① in the morning类推: (一些惯用语中用the ):in the afternoon /evening 在下午/傍晚; in the middle (of), in the end, by the way例外 : at night/noon 在深夜/中午② in the east类推:(方位名词前一般用the): in the west/south/north/middle 在西方/南方/北方/中间③The sun类推:(世上独一无二的事物前一般用the): the moon /sky/world 月亮/天空/世界④Play the piano类推: (乐器前一般用the): play the guitar弹吉它;play the violin 拉小提琴⑤ first类推:(序数词前一般用the) : the second/fifth /twelfth 第二/五/十二⑥ The most interesting类推:(形容词最高级前一般用the):the hottest 最热的;the most important 最重要的补充:1.上文提到过的人或事:He bought a house. I've been to the house. 他买了幢房子。
我去过那幢房子。
2.单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。
3.与复数名词连用,指整个群体:They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)4.用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前: the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国the United States 美国5.用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人: the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)二.零冠词记忆口诀:月,季,星期,节假日呼语,头衔,职务前三餐,球类,惯用语学科,棋类名词前。
零冠词用法归纳1. 用于复数名词前复数名词泛指某类人或物时,其前通常用零冠词。
如: Students should obey the school rules. 学生应该遵守校规。
【说明】复数名词若需特指,则要加定冠词。
如: The students are too lazy. 这些学生太懒。
2. 用于不可数名词前不可数名词表示泛指时,其前通常用零冠词。
如: Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的。
【说明】不可数名词若需特指,则要加定冠词。
如:He sawed the wood into three pieces. 他把木头锯成三块。
3. 用于专有名词前在通常情况下,专有名词前要用零冠词。
如:Mr Smith is our English teaches us English. 史密斯先生教我们英语。
【说明】在特殊情况下,若专有名词需要特指,也可加定冠词。
如:The Smith you’re looking for no longer lives here. 你找的那个史密斯不再住这里。
4. 用于某些单数可数名词前单数可数名词前在某些特殊情况下用零冠词,如用作呼语时、表示家庭成员时。
如:Can I tell Father about it? 这事我可以告诉爸爸吗?He was a teacher before he turned writer. 在成为作家前他是教师。
5. 用于抽象化的可数名词前有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动,其前通常零冠词。
如: Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡觉了。
She goes to church every Sunday. 她每周星期天都去做礼拜。
【说明】这类主要涉及bed, church, class, college, school, university, work, hospital, p rison, market, sea, town等。
另外,这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关。
如:“住院”在英国英语中通常说成 in hospital,而在美国英语中则通常说成in the hospital;类似的还有go to university (英)上大学 / go to the university (美)上大学;at table (英)在吃饭 / at the table (美)在吃饭。
6. 用于职务及头衔前当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时,其前通常用零冠词。
如: Trump became President of the U. S. A. 特朗普当了美国总统。
He will be made captain of the football team. 他将被选为足球队队长。
【说明】有时也可用定冠词,但以不用为多见。
7. 用于球类运动前Let’s go and play basketball. 我们去打篮球吧。
You can’t pick the ball up in football. 踢足球时不许用手持球。
【说明】若指球类运动,其前用零冠词;若球类运动所用的球,则根据情况可用冠词。
如: The basketball cost me 30 yuan. 这个篮球花了我30元。
8. 其他用零冠词的场合按英语习惯,在表示学科、语言、三餐、月份、季节、节假日、星期等名词前,通常用零冠词。
如:We are all interested in physics. 我们大家都对物理感兴趣。
Won’t you stay and take lunch with us? 留在这儿吃午饭好吗? School begins in September. 九月开学。
It’s a fortnight to National Day. 离国庆节还有两星期。
She has been here since Monday. 从礼拜一起她一直在这里。
8. 用于某些固定结构中at home 在家at night 在晚上at least 至少at most 至多at first 首先at last 最后in bed 在床上on foot 步行face to face 面对面 catch fire 着火give way 让路 lose heart 灰心move house 搬家 send word 捎信take place 发生by chance 偶然 =by accidentcatch sight of 看见 make use of 利用9.有些短语用零冠词和定冠词均可,只是含义不同:out of question毫无疑问 =without question out of the question不可能,不值得考虑的=impossiblekeep house 料理家务keep the house 呆在家里不外出in charge of 负责,管理,主管 in the charge of 在…的管理(负责)之下练习I.填空。
在空白处填入适当的冠词,不需要的划“\”。
1.There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall.2.This is _______ useful book.I've read it for _______ hour.3. _______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse.4. _______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three tim es _______ day.5.Let's go out for _______ walk.6.It's too hot.Open _______ door,please.7.There is _______ woman over there. _______ woman is Mei mei's mother.8. _______ sun rises in _______ east.9. _______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China.10.Are you going to do it _______ second time?11.Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA.12. _______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Stre et.13.He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995.14. _______ old man is _______ teacher.He likes playing ______ _ basketball after _______ supper.15.After I had _______ quick breakfast,I hurried to school.16.Are _______ sheep kept by _______ farmers for producing _______ wool and _______ meat?17.They went to _______ People's Park,but we both went to ___ ____ People's Cinema yesterday.18.I often watch _______ TV in _______ evening.19. _______ day of _______ December 20,1999 is Monday.20.Tomorrow is _______ Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _______ Christmas tree today.II.选择填空。