摘要辛弃疾以豪放作为创作的基调,创作了大量词作,使豪放蔚然成风,巩固发展了豪放风格,并最终确立了豪放一派。
而“以气为词”的词体风格则是支撑辛弃疾取得这一成就的基础,其彰显了辛弃疾独特的美学思想与追求,也是其“以文为词”等创作手法的理论内涵与核心。
本文主要探讨辛弃疾“以气为词”这一词体风格的形成、表现和意义。
从古代“气”论的滥觞与“气”与文学的逐步结合开始探讨,结合时代背景与辛弃疾自身性格特点,分析辛弃疾倡导“以气为词”、“引气入词”的必然性和目的,认为辛弃疾词中之“气”的核心,正是当时中原和南方人民赖以救亡图存的丈夫之气,是危亡之际所展现的民族气节和英雄品格,是中华民族因之绵延不绝和繁荣昌盛的一种精神素质。
它贯穿辛弃疾创作的始终,是辛词创作的核心,决定了辛词的表现手法和艺术特色,构筑起辛弃疾战斗的、功利性的文学创作观念。
无论是“豪迈之气”、“悲凉之气”亦或是“婉约之气”,都是这种核心追求在不同的历史环境之下的表现。
辛弃疾在创作中能做到“运气入词,以词寓气”,与时代的背景和稼轩独特的人格魅力和人生追求是分不开的,而这种词体观念也促使辛弃疾在题材内容、艺术手法、作品风格等多方面的创新,使稼轩其人焕发出独特的人格精神,其词也呈现出独特的美学风貌,无论从人格力量还是在文学创作上都对后世影响深远。
关键词:辛弃疾、气、稼轩词、以气为词、词体风格AbstractXin Qiji bold as creative tone, created a large number of words, make bold become a common practice, consolidate and develop the bold style, and eventually established the bold faction. "To gas as the style of CI " is the foundation of Xin Qiji this achievement, which shows Xin Qiji's unique aesthetics and pursuit, but also the connotation of "writing words" creation and core.This article mainly discusses Xin Qiji "form, with gas as the words" the style of CI expression and significance. Beginning from the ancient "Qi" theory and the "gas" and literature gradually with began to explore, with the background of the times and Xin Qiji's own characteristics, analysis of Xin Qiji's advocacy of "gas", "bleed into the word" necessity and objective, think Xin Qiji words of "gas" core, is central plains and the southern people which was from the husband of the gas, is the peril of the national integrity and heroic character, is the Chinese nation for a kind of spiritual quality of rolling and thriving and prosperous. It runs through the creation of Xin Qiji's beginning, is the core of Xin CI creation, decided the Xin CI style and artistic characteristics, to build the Xin Qiji battle, utilitarian ideas of literary creation. Whether it is "heroic", "dismal gas" or "graceful of gas", is the core pursuit under different historical environment performance.Xin Qiji can do it "luck into words in the creation, in terms of Qi", and the era background and his unique personality charm and pursuit of life are inseparable, and the CI concept also prompted Xin Qiji to innovation in the theme content, artistic style of works, and so on, so that its glow Jiaxuan’s the unique spirit of personality, the word also presents the aesthetic style unique, regardless of the strength of character or in literary works have far-reaching impact on future generations.Key words:Xin Qiji;gas;Jia Xuan’s Ci;Style of Ci目录序言................................................ - 1 - 一.“以气为词”的滥觞和发展.......................... - 2 -1.何为“气” .......................................... - 2 -2.孟子“浩然之气”..................................... - 2 -3.曹丕“文以气为主”.................................... - 3 -4.韩昌黎“气盛言宜”.................................... - 3 - 二.“气”在辛弃疾词中的体现.......................... - 4 -1.豪迈之气............................................ - 4 -2.悲凉之气............................................ - 6 -3.婉约之气............................................ - 7 - 三.辛词“以气为词”风格的形成原因及意义............. - 8 -1.词如其人............................................ - 8 -2.融气入词............................................ - 8 -3.引典为词........................................... - 10 -4.意义与影响 ......................................... - 10 - 参考文献............................................ - 11 - 致谢.................................... 错误!未定义书签。
序言自苏轼开创豪放词风以来,终于北宋并没有在词坛引起大的共鸣,继承者不多,直至辛弃疾出现,这种情况才发生改观,辛弃疾以豪放作为创作的基调,创作了大量这种风格的作品,使豪放蔚然成风,自成一家,可以说,辛弃疾词在艺术上最突出的成就莫过于巩固发展了豪放风格,最终确立了豪放一派。
而“以气为词”的词体风格则是支撑辛弃疾取得这一成就的基础,“以气为词”既彰显了辛弃疾独特的美学思想与追求,也是其“以文为词”等创作手法的理论内涵与核心,引气入词,带来的不仅仅是词语言上的变革,更促进了词的表现功能,使词境进一步扩大,无论是英雄豪杰的志气、勇气、豪气,还是忠臣义士的骨气、正气、愤气乃至于闲人雅士的清雅气、旷逸气,在稼轩词中都表现出动人心魄的魅力,使作品彰显出一种长生不衰的生命力,从而确立了稼轩词在词史上的独特地位和影响。
论辛弃疾的“以气为词”一.“以气为词”的滥觞和发展1.何为“气”中国古代的哲学认为,气是天地间一切事物的基始物质,其的属性贯通一切,渗透一切,于是人与宇宙同构,可与万物沟通,也使得物我相融和感应成为可能。
气是物质的同时也是精神的,是生理的也是心理的和思想精神的,因此也是通于灵慧和神明,如《列子·仲尼》中说:“心合于气,气合于神。
“《礼记·祭义》中说:“气也者,神之盛也。
”气往往又作为人和事物生命性、灵动性的一种表现。
在艺术活动中,气也能够形成冲击观照者感官和心灵的力量。
气更是有个性的,如《左传》中的所谓“六气”,彼此就不相同,孟子的“至大至刚”的“浩然之气”①只属于志士仁人等等。
文学作品中的气几乎从来就是个性鲜明的。
从正邪、清浊到阳刚和阴柔,不胜枚举,气范畴在风格论中广泛运用可谓顺理成章。
因为气是注重生命精神的,气聚为物,气散无形,生命是有个性的,引申到人身上表现为品格的不同。
文学中也有差别,各种艺术理论的侧重点不同,有的强调浩然正气,有的侧重个人气质,气与文学艺术的关系更为密切。
2.孟子“浩然之气”孟子在《孟子·公孙丑上》中说:“我知言,我善养吾浩然之气”,从而提出了“知言养气”说。