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企业战略管理期末总结

企业战略管理期末总结一.战略管理介绍(Introduction Of Strategic Managment)1.企业战略(Strategic):(1).定义(definition):企业以未来为基点,为寻求和维持持久竞争优势而作出的有关全局的重大筹划及其实施过程。

(An integrated and coordinated set of commitments and actions designed to exploit core competencies and gain a competitive advantage.)(2).特点(Characteristics of Strategy):1).全局性和长远性(Overall and of long-term importance)2).重大性(重大资源承诺)(Involve a significant commitment of resources)3).难以逆转性(Not easily reversible)4).相对稳定性(S tability)2.竞争优势(Competitive Advantage):企业实施的战略使得竞争对手无法复制或因成本太高而无法模仿所形成的优势。

他意味着企业可以凭借竞争优势获得超额利润( A firm has competitive advantage when it implements a strategy competitors are unable to duplicate or find to costly to imitate. An indicator of firm’s competitive advantage is the firm’s capability to achieve above-average returns)3.战略管理三层次(Three levels of Strategic management)1).公司层战略(Corporate Strategy)公司战略是指公司针对要进入哪些新业务领域、以及管理多样化业务而做出的决策和行动,以获得竞争优势(Specifies actions a firm takes to select new businesses and manage a group of different businesses in order to gain a competitive advantage.)2).竞争战略(Business Strategy)设计如何在所选定的领域与对手展开有效的竞争(Business-level strategies are developed based on a firms core competences and indicate how an organization chooses to compete in a particular market to gain a competitive advantage over competitors )3).职能战略(Functional Strategy)涉及如何使企业的不同职能协调运作,更好地为各级战略服务4.战略管理过程(Strategic Management Process)(1).定义(definition):企业想要获取战略竞争力和超额利润而采用的一整套约定,决策,行动。

(The Strategic Management Process is the full set of commitments, decisions, and actions required for a firm to achieve strategic competitiveness and earn above-average returns.)(2).过程(Process)1).企业内外部环境分析(Internal and external analysis)2).制定企业的愿景与使命(To develop a strategic vision and mission)3).拟定战略目标(Set objects)4).制定战略(To formulate a strategy to achieve objects)5).事实和执行战略(To implement and execute strategy)6).监控评估并采取纠偏措施(To monitor,evaluate,and take corrective action)5.愿景与使命(Vision and Mission)(1).愿景(Vision):为企业描述未来的发展方向,回答企业最终要成为一个怎样的公司.(Vision is apicture of what the firm wants to be and, in broad terms, what it wants to ultimately achieve)(2).使命(Mission):企业使命是企业为了实现愿景而制定的在当前、近期或较长时期内企业的任务、发展方向,以及企业生产经营的总的指导思想。

(A mission specifies the business or businesse in which the firm intends to compete and the customers it intends to serve)6.利益相关者(Stakeholders)(1).定义(definition):能够形象企业的愿景和使命,同时也受企业战略产出的影响,并对企业经营业绩拥有可实施主张权的个体或群体。

(Stakeholders are groups and individuals who can affect firm’s vision and mission, are affected by a firm’s strategic outcomes, and have enforceable claims on firm’s performance.)(2).类型(Style)1).基本的利害相关者群体:对企业的持续生存和经营过程具有直接影响作用的、企业赖以生存发展的群体,例如股东,经理,员工,供应商,顾客,社区和政府等(Shareholders, managers, employees, suppliers, customers, local communities, and host governments)2).其次的利害相关者群体:与企业相互影响,但是不直接卷入企业经营活动过程,对企业的生存发展具有一定影响作用的群体,例如媒体,社会团体,环保团体(The media, numerous social and environmental groups)二.宏观环境分析(General Environmental Analysis)1.宏观环境分析的七个维度(Segments of the General Environment)(1)人口(Demographic):与人口规模Population size ,年龄结构Age structure,地理分布Geographic distribution,种族构成Ethnic mix和收入分配Income distribution有关(2)政治/法律(Political/Legal):企业需认真分析政府机构新的商业政策和思想。

从以下方面考虑反垄断法Antitrust laws,税法Taxation laws,劳工培训法Labor training laws(3)经济(Economic):企业所属的或可能会参与其中竞争的经济体的经济特征和发展方向。

从以下几个方面考虑,通货膨胀率Inflation rates,利率Interest rates,贸易赤字或盈余Trade deficits or surpluses,预算赤字或盈余Budget deficits or surpluses,个人储蓄率Personal savings rate,国内生产总值Gross domestic product(4)社会文化(Sociocultural):与一个社会的态度和价值取向有关。

从以下方面考虑职场中的女性Women in the workplace,劳动力多元化Workforce diversity,关注环境程度Concerns about environment(5)技术(Technological):包括所有参与创造新知识以及将新知识转化为新的产出,产品,流程和材料的组织机构行为。

例如产品创新Product innovations,新的通信技术New communication technologies(6)全球化(Global):包括相关的新的全球市场,变化中的现有市场,重要的国际政治事件以及全球市场重要的文化制度特征(7)物质环境(Physical Environment):自然环境的潜在变化和实际变化,以及应对这些变化的积极商业实践。

例如能量消耗Energy consumption,可再生能源的开发Renewableenergy efforts三.产业环境分析(Industry Environment Analysis)1.什么是产业(The Definition of An Industry):产业是由生产同种产品、或相互可以替代(完全)的产品的企业构成的一个集合/群体。

(A group of firms producing products (goods and/or services) that are close substitutes.)2.产业分析原理(波特五力模型):(1)目的(Purpose):1)明确产业中5种力竞争力量的态势,评价产业的盈利潜力(吸引力)(rivalry of an industry and an industry’s profit potential.)2)制定合适的战略,使本企业在产业中获取有利的“定位”,以获得超额利润(竞争优势)(Formulation of appropriate strategies to position a firm at a favorable position in an industry to achieve above average return.)3)有利的定位(favorable position):即使企业不易遭到竞争对手和潜在进入者的攻击,同时,不易受到来自购买者、供应商和替代品的损害。

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