根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。
31.简述scanning的含义并举一例说明其基本用途。
写出训练该项技能时的三条注意事项，并用英语写出两句相关的教师指令语。
(1)scanning的含义：scanning译为“找读，扫读，寻读，查读”，是一种快速阅读方式，其目的是从较长的文字资料中查寻特定的细节内容。
寻读要求既快又准，要在短时间内准确地找到目标。
基本用途：例如：在教学“NelsonMandela--AModem Hero”一课时，可以通过设置寻读活动“Ask students to scan the passage in 5minutes and completethe chan—ATimeline ofElias’Life”，让学生在5分钟内扫读文章，然后根据时间顺序填写表格。
通过寻读活动，可以帮助学生了解文章特定信息，提高学生的阅读速度。
寻读是教师需要训练学生提高的阅读能力之一。
(2)注意事项：①在设计寻读活动时，要有明确的时限规定，以促使学生在较短的时间内完成任务。
②在设计寻读活动时，要引导学生借助关键词快速锁定寻读目标，切忌从头逐字地寻找，导致学生的寻读技巧未得到有效的培养。
③在设计寻读活动时，教师的指令要清楚，不能过于简单，这会造成学生不清楚做什么的局面。
从而影响阅读效果。
指令中应包含学生应在多长时间内(time limit)，通过怎么读(how).读出什么(what)等信息。
教师指令语：①Scan the Paragraphs 3-5 in 5 minutes to get enough information to fillin the table.②Scan the first ten lines in 3 minutes and answer the following two questions.三、教学情境分析题(本大题1小题，30分)根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。
32.下面是某教师在阅读课教案中设计的教学目标。
该单元的话题是Animals。
根据所给信息从下列三个方面作答：(1)分析上述教学目标存在的三个问题;(9分)(2)提出三条相应的建议;(9分)(3)分别修改各项教学目标。
(12分)(1)教学目标存在的问题：①它违反了教学设计“以学生为中心，体现学生的主体地位”的原则，没有明确指出教学的主体是学生。
②它没有把握好预期的教学目标，对教学内容，即知识目标的设计不明确;对于能力目标的设计也太笼统。
③教学目标是三维教学目标，即知识目标、能力目标和情感态度目标，它缺少情感态度目标。
(2)三条相应的建议：④设计教学目标的知识目标时，以(学生)“能”说出、列举、背诵、复述、识别、解释、分类、对比、归纳等为模式，具体明确让学生了解和掌握的主要知识点。
(Students“can”speak，list,recite，retell，distinguish from,explain，classify，contrast，conclude…)②没计能力目标时，以“在能力方面，通过经历、参与、讨论、交流、合作、分享等，(学生)能了解、掌握、学习……”为模式，具体说明通过这节课的学习，学生能在哪些能力上得到提升。
(Through“experience，takepartin,discussion，communication，cooperation，share”，students can understand,master,learn…)③增加情感目标环节的设置，设计情感目标时.以“学生学会认可、接受、称赞、喜欢、关心、热爱、坚持、保持、重视、追求、培养、尊重……”为模式，学生通过课堂学习，参与活动，以及教师在情感上进行什么样的引导，从而让学生在情感上产生什么样的倾向。
(Studentslearnto approve，accept，praise，like，care about，love，persist in，retain，value，pursue，cultivate，respect…)(3)教学目标修改为：Teaching aimsKnowledge aims:①Students can understand the main idea of the text and get to know the dangerous situation of animals.②Students can master the following words and expressions: ...③Students can grasp the following sentence patterns: ...Ability aims:①Students can improve their ability of listening by listening to the text.②Students can improve their ability of speaking by pair work and discussion.③Students can learn to get useful information and improve their ability of reading by Questions and Answers practice and comprehensive reading.Emotional aims:①After this lesson, students will be aware of the animals' dangerous situation and take measures to protect them.②Students can realize the importance of relationship between humans and animals and try to love nature.四、教学设计题(本大题1小题，40分)根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案。
用英文作答。
33.设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计一节英语听说课的教学方案。
教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：· teaching objectives· tea ching contents· key and difficult points· major steps and time allocation· activities and justification教学时间：45分钟学生概况：某城镇普通中学七年级(初中一年级)学生，班级人数40人，多数学生已经达到《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》二级水平，学生课堂参与积极性一般。
语言素材：Interviewer: Scott has an interesting job. He works at a radio station. Scott, what time is your radio show?Scott: From twelve o' clock at night to six o' clock in the morning.Interviewer: What time do you usually get up?Scott: At eight thirty at night. Then I eat breakfast at nine.Interviewer: That' s a funny time for breakfast!Scott: Yeah. After that, I usually exercise at about ten twenty.Interviewer: When do you go to work?Scott: At eleven o' clock, so I' m never late for work.Teaching Contents:A dialogue between the interviewer and Scott about Scott' s daily routine.Teaching Objectives:(1) Knowledge objectives①Students can master the following words and expressions: radio station, usually, funny, exercise.②Students can use the following sentence patterns:a. What time do you usually...?b. When do you ...?(2) Ability objectives①Students can improve their listening ability by listening to the dialogue.②Students can improve the speaking ability by talking about what they usually do in a day.(3) Emotional objectivesThrough this class, students can know something about radio workers' jobs and respect them.Teaching Key Point:How to help students master the new words, expressions and the usage of the sentence patterns.Teaching Difficult Point:How to make students master the words and expressions and improve their speaking and listening skills.Teaching Procedures:Step 1 Warming up and Lead-in (5 minutes)The teacher greets the students and asks them two questions. The first question is"What are your parents' jobs?"and the second is "Do you know something about the job of a radio host?" Then the teacher tells the students that Scott has an interesting job and asks them to listen to the text and get to know about Mr. Scott.(Justification: This step can get students to combine English learning with their daily life. Also, it' s easy for them to say something about their life.)Step 2 Listening (15 minutes)The teacher asks students to listen to the tape for the first time with the following questions. After that, asks students to try to answer the questions. Then, the teacher asks them to listen to the tape for the second time with the purpose to repeat it.①Where does Mr. Scott work?②Does he eat breakfast in the moming as common people? Why?③When does he go to work?④Is he usually late for work?(Justification: This step can get students to have a further understanding of the dialogue.)Step 3 Practice and Consolidation (20 minutes)(1) Practice the sentence patterns (10 minutes)The teacher selects an example in the dialogue, points out the sentence patterns and then makes students to maketheir own sentences according to the example.Sentence Pattern 1 : --What time do you usually...? --I usually ...Sentence Pattern 2 : --When do you ...? --I ...Examples:①--What time do you usually get up?--I usually get up at 7 am.②--When do you go to work?--I go to work...(Justification: This step can get students to master the sentence patterns.)(2) Making an interview (10 minutes)The teacher asks two students in pair. One student acts as an interviewer and the other acts as an interviewee. The interviewer makes an interview about the interviewee's job. The interviewee should use the above sentence patterns.(Justification: Students act out the dialogue in their own way, which helps to consolidate what they have learned in this class.)Step 4 Summary and Homework (5 minutes)Summary: The teacher asks one student to summarize what he/she has learned in this class.Homework: The teacher asks students to do exercises of this part on the exercise book.(Justification: Students can review and consolidate what they havelearned in this class.)Blackboard Design:Words and Expressions: radio station, usually, funny, exercise.Sentence Patterns:①What time do you usually...?②When do you ...?Teaching Reflection.31.请说明精听与泛听的区别，并分别简述教师应该如何指导学生进行精听与泛听的训练。