英语阅读2期末复习资料Part OnePassage lTh is is a short passage about the wildebeest migration.Every year around April , many thousands of wildebeest gather together on the Serengeti Plains in Tanzania in preparation for their long journey northwards. Although it is often referred to as ‘The Migration' , this great movement of animals is an endless year - round trek dictated by the seasons and the search for fresh grass and water.By early July the long straggling columns of wildebeest , along with large numbers of zebra , begin to reach the Mara Reserve. They can enter anywhere and once inside their movements are erratic according to where forage is best. However, the herds do have one or two favorite river crossing places and after the Mara grasses have been gazed to the ground , they use these to move northwards out of the reserve.Weak animals rarely survive the river crossings. Many are crushed to death by the sheer weight of numbers and some are eaten by huge crocodiles.In late September. the herds begin to re- form for the journey back to the SerengetiPlains. They arrive three months later and begin calving.Read Passage 1 and decide whether the following statements are True or False.1. In April the wildebeest travel from the Mara Reserve to the Serengeti.2. The reason for ‘ T he Migration' is search for food.3. In early June , the wildebeest reach the Mara Reserve.4. The wildebeest' s movements are irregular when they go into the Mara Reserve.5. At the end of the year , the wildebeest return to the Serengeti Plains and give birth to calves.Passage 2This is a short passage about the monster and Frankenstein •Some time later , Frankenstein received a letter from his father telling him that hisyoung brother. William. had been murdered. All the family was shocked when Justine Moritz , the boy' s nanny , was accused of the crime and Frankenstein was horrified when she was executed for the murder because he felt that his monster had done it , not Justine. Throughout the following months , Frankenstein became more and more depressed.Then , one day when he was traveling in the mountains , trying to forget his troubles , Frankenstein suddenly met the monster. He shouted furiously at him , accusing him of the crime, and telling him to stay away from him and his family. But the monster insisted on talking to his creator and told him the sad story of his life since he had run away from the laboratory where Frankenstein had made him.The monster said that he had tried , in vain , to attach himself to humans , but nobody would have anything to do with him , because they found him so ugly and frightening. He told Frankenstein that even when he had saved a child who was drowning in a river , nobody thanked him. In fact , the father shot him in the shoulder because he was afraid of him.The monster became more and more lonely and more and more unhappy. Then , by chance , he came across William playing in a filed and he decided to capture the boy and try to make him become his friend. He took hold of William and tried to embrace him, but the boy screamed and , in an attempt to silence him, the monster held him by the throat and , accidentally , strangled him.Read Passage 2 and then try to give short answers to the following.6. Who was accused of murdering Frankenstein's brother William?7. What did Frankenstein do when he met the monster?8. Why was the monster unhappy?9. What did the monster want to do when he met William?10. How did the monster kill the boy accidentally?Part TwoPassage 3Clone myself. I can start all over again1 The recent successful cloning of ‘Do lly , ' a sheep , has stunned the world.2 I was excited about the idea of having a clone of myself in the beginning: I might startlife all over again and redress the mistakes made in the past , and then I could live longer to see a better future.3 It is a dream that has fascinated so many people for so long , as evidenced by numerouspopular science fiction stories featuring this theme and countless literary works on thealter-ego.4 For one thing , Eve is said to have been made from one of Adam' s ribs. The legend ofher beginning might be regarded as the earliest example of cloning. So I am somewhatsurprised to see governments worldwide reacting so negatively when scientists announcedthat they have made substantial progress in this field of science.5 Due to many limitations , the technique can' t be widely applied in the near future , butunder the influence of confusion and fear , people are already speculating about cloning's far- reaching consequences and taking precautionary measures against the possible misuses ofthe new technological breakthrough.6 ‘People fear that the world would be in a mess if human beings are cloned some day , ' said Zhai Zhonghe, a well- known biologist and academician at the Chinese Academy of Sc iences.7 Ian Wilmut , the embryologist who led the Roslin Institute team in Britain thatsuccessfully cloned ‘ Dolly ' from a single cell on another ewe' s udder , announced thatcloning humans was ‘ probably ' possible.8 ‘A single terminal cell is sufficient for duplicating the whole animal , that' s somethingnew , ' said Zhai. Genetically , the reproduction from a single cell is a complete copy of thetissue donor.9 Meanwhile , US scientists have declared that they have successfully cloned a monkey ,using an eight-cell embryo , marking the first time that an animal closely resembling humanshas ever been cloned.10 Many governments in the world , in a show of moral responsibility , have moved quicklyto discourage this new development.11 The United States banned the federal funding of cloning , and Germany called for aworld- wide ban on cloning human beings.12 Danish scientists said they were halting experiments pending a full debate on the issue.The It alian government said human cloning should be outlawed and announced a temporaryban in It aly on all forms of human or animal experiments linked with cloning. In China,many legislators attending the Eighth National People' s Congress were soliciting opinionsfrom scientists.13 Chinese scientists suggested that legislation is necessary to control potential dangersthat may arise from the newly developed cloning technology , and many have proposed thatlaws be approved to control t14 Technological breakthroughs always create new taboos and give an insight into new dimensions of human beings , yet somehow human beings are able to adjust their mindset tothe new reality after an initial wave of panic , just as they have come to terms withcontraception and artificial fertilization.15 If the new technology can be widely applied , it could be used to save endangeredanimals , cultivate better species and replicate transgenic animals of medical and scientificvalue.Read Passage 3 and then choose the best answer that may complete each of the statements below according to the passage.11. In Paragraph 1 the word "stun" means "A. confuseC. shockB. puzzleD. please12. The author appears fascinated by the idea of having a clone of himself becauseA. it enables him to have more childrenB. he can realize his wish for a longer lifeC. he can go back into the pastD. he wants to be involved in the experiment13. The example about Adam and Eve (paragraph 4) shows thatA. cloning is an old technology which has been revived recentlyB. there had been an application of the technology in ancient timesC. cloning is in accordance with the doctrines of ChristianityD. cloning has been the dream of human beings since the ancient past14. People' s general reaction to cloning is thatA. it may have negative consequences on the human societyB. it is a great development of modern technologyC. the technology should be quickly applied to the cure of many genetic diseasesD. it has to be controlled because there are already too many people in th~ world15. The fact that a monkey was cloned by US scientists shows thatA. human beings will be cloned immediatelyB. an animal closely resembling humans has been clonedC. cloning is a very simple technologyD. American cloning technology is the best in the world16. Which government intended to ban cloning experiments?A. The American governmentB. The British governmentC. The Chinese governmentD. The It alian government17. The author mentioned contraception and artificial fertilization 一一一A. to argue that cloning should be given a new nameB. to prove that cloning is equally dangerous and should be stoppedc. to predict that cloning will be accepted by the human society as wellD. to suggest new ways of birth control instead of human cloning18. What benefits could the new technology bring to the human society , according to the author?A. To save endangered animalsB. To cultivate better speciesC. To reproduce transgenic animals of medical and scientific valueD. All of the above19. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Governments worldwide react positively to the cloning technologyB. The cloning technology is welcomed by all peoplec.‘Dolly ' was cloned from a single cell on another ewe' s udderD. The Chinese government also banned the funding of cloning20. The passage indicates that the author _一一一一_ the cloning technology.A. supportsB. dislikesC. dou btsD. developsPart Three True or FalseWhen I Was in AmericaFor most people the holiday season is a time of joy and family reunion. For me , it is atime of mixed emotions - for I have been away from my family in Iran while studying in the United States. Rather than lock myself in my loneliness , I have tried each Christmas to learn more about the culture of the country and know more about my American friends.A tie-clasp I still wear reminds me repeatedly of the memorable Christmas of 1989. Allmy classmates had eagerly looked forward to the holiday. I had no money for the vacation.My check from home had not arrived on schedule because of the crush of holiday mai l. One day I walked to the campus to pick up my mail at the International Students office.The all important check still had not arrived. Maria , a Mexican-American student working as a temporary secretary in the department must have seen me as I left the mailbox with disappointment showing on my face. She invited me to spend Christmas Eve with her family. I accepted all too gladly.Maria's family was not rich. They lived in a modest small house. Maria introduced meto her parents , her aunt and her sister , who welcomed me warmly. Maria' s father could only speak Spanish , so he talked to me while Maria's sister acted as an interpreter. The kind look in his eyes and his relaxed behavior made me feel right at home.The dinner was very elaborate. Each dish had a special feature , sauce and blend of seasonings. Maria' s aunt ate while standing at a corner of the small , old table. I felt a little uncomfortable , knowing that I was occupying her place , but her gesture expressed the sincere hospitality with which Maria' s whole family received me. After dinner , Maria chose a small package from under the Christmas tree and handed it to me. Inside I found the tieclasp I still use to this day.Looking at the tie - clasp , I knew I would always regard it as a memento of an unforgettable evening of good friendship during a hard and lonely period of my life.Write T for True21. The author of the passage was an overseas student in America.22. The author usually had a good time during holidays in America.23. The author tried his best not to be overcome by his loneliness.24. The Christmas of 1989 was unforgettable for the author.25. The author didn' t look forward to the holiday as he didn' t have money to enjoy it.26. His check was probably delayed because of the crush of holiday mai l.27. Maria was a teacher at the university when the author studied there.28. There was only enough room for five seats at the table in Maria' s home.29. Maria' s father did not talk because he couldn' t speak English.30. The author appreciated the tie-clasp because it conveyed the kindness of Maria' s family.Part Four Short AnswerPassage 5World AIDS DayDecember first is World AIDS Day. The message at events this year is "Live and LetLi ve. " The aim is to end improper treatment of people with HIV and AIDS. Experts say such discrimination remains a barrier to prevention and treatment. The United Nations reported last week that the spread of AIDS shows no signs of easing. It says an estimated 40 million people are living with the HIV virus. These include 2. 5 million children.Worldwide , the report said that 6 million people became infected with HIV and 5 milliondied in 2010 - the most ever.Doctor Peter Piot heads the United Nations AIDS program. He says AIDS is spreadingfastest in Eastern Europe , especially Russia. The Caribbean continues to experience high levels of infection. And , he says there could be major increases in China and India.One out of five adults in southern Africa is living with HIV or AIDS. So ut hern Africaremains the worst affected part of the world. But Doctor Piot says there is a sharp increase in parts of Western Africa , such as in Cameroon and Nigeria , and in parts of Southern Asia and Southeast Asia , such as India and Thailand.Sexual contact , infected blood and the sharing of injection needles can all spread theAIDS virus. AIDS was first discovered in the 1980s. Now , more women than men become infected with HIV. And Doctor Piot warns that the ability of countries to provide services has dropped as many health workers become infected.The UN says South Africa had more people with HIV at the end of last year than anyother country. It had an estimated 5. 3 million cases , about eleven percent of the population. Last month South Africa announced a plan to provide anti - retroviral medicines for free. These drugs restrain the spread of the virus.South Africa says it hopes to have anti-AIDS centers open in every health district withina year and in every local area within five years. The plan also includes money for public education and training for health care workers.Until now , the government has said the drugs cost too much and can cause harm. However, the cost of three AIDS drugs taken as a combination will be cut by almost onethird. This will happen under an agreement negotiated by the Clinton Foundation. Former American President Bill Clinton says that if the So uth African program is successful , other nations could follow it.Read Passage 5 Short Answers31. What's the aim of the message at events of World AIDS Day this year?32. How many people infected with AIDS died in 2010?33. What does the word "heads" in the second paragraph mean?34. What can spread the AIDS virus?35. Which counfry is the worst AIDS - affected part of thAnswers:Part I (30 points , 3 points each)1. F2. T3. F4. T5. T6. Justine Moritz.7. Frankenstein shouted furiously at him , accusing him of the crime , and telling him to stay away from him and his family.8. Because nobody liked him.9. The monster wanted to capture him and make him become his friend.10. The monster strangled the boy accidentallyby holding him by the throat to stop him screammg.Part 2 ( 30 points , 3 points each)11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. B16. D 17. C 18. D 19. C 20. APart 3( 20 points , 2 points each)21. T 22. F 23. T 24. T 25. T26. T 27. F 28. T 29. F 30. TPart 4 ( 20 poi脯，4 points each)31. The aim of the message is to end improper treatment of people with HIV and AIDS.32. 5 million people infected with AIDS died in 2010.33. The word "heads" means "leads" or "is in charge of".34. Sexual contact , infected blood and the sharing of injection needles can spread theAIDS virus.35. So uth Africa.Part IPassage 1When Betty Burwood won the national lottery , she and her husband , Bill , moved into a beautiful big bungalow and she bought herself a very expensive pearl necklace.The following summer, the Burwoods decided to throw a party. Ea rly on the afternoonof the party, Betty took her new silk dress out of the wardrobe and put her expensive pearl necklace on her dressing-table ready to put on in the evening. Then, she went to see how the preparations for the party were going.The catering company had just arrived - a cook , Mrs. Moore, and her two helpers ,Nancy and，Harriet. They were all in the kitchen unpacking the piles of boxes which. they had brought with them. So on , the fourth member of the team, Charlie Chivers, arrived on his bicycle.By six o'clock , everything was ready. The garden looked magnificent-with small round Tables and colorful chairs and sun shades. The food and drink was all laid out in the kitchen, ready to be brought out when the guests arrived.At ten past six, Be tty went to her bedroom to get ready. She showered and put on herbest silk dress. It was when &he was brushing her hair th,at she realized that her pearls werenot on the dressing - table. "Bill ," she said , "have you moved my pearls?" "No, dear," answered ~i1l，"where were they?" "I put them on the dressing - table this afternoon andthey're not here now. " "Are you sure?" asked B i1l."Maybe you put them down somewhere else , or maybe you've moved them. "For a quarter of an hour they searched for the missing pearls , but couldn' t find them anywhere. It was then that they decided they must call the police.So on , Inspector Morgan arrived and started to question all the suspects.Read Passage 1 and then try to give short answers1. Why could Betty afford an expensive necklace?2. Why did she take her necklace out early in the day?3. How many people were there in the catering company?4. What do you think was in the boxes brought by the catering company?5. Did the Burwoods call the police after they couldn't find the pearls?Read Passage 1 again and then fill in the following blanks numbered 6-10with the infonnation from the passage.Time ActionWhen Be tty won the lotteryThecouple moved into a big (6) and Bettybought a pearl necklace.The following summer The Burwoods wanted to (7)On the afternoon of the partyThe wife took her new dress out of the closet and putthe necklace on the dressing - table.Everything was prepared. The garden appeared (8)ay 6:00 - with small round tables and colorful chairsand sun-shades.At 6:10Be t ty went to the bedroom to get ready. While she (9), Betty realized that the necklace was missing.At (1 0)The couple failed to find out the pearls and then theymade up their minds to call the police.After a while The police arrived and began to inquire all the suspects.Part 2Passage 2CAl CHUN L.QNG ,.28, .f ound a job after graduating .f rom college , doing marketing for a company in Be ijing. La st Se ptember , when he saw in the China Youth News a notice recruiting volunteers to go to poor areas to help local people eradicate poverty, Cai suddenly found it was something he .r eally wanted to do and immediately applied. Two months later, Cai became a member of the first group of volunteers in the Poverty Relief Relay Program , and , given a year's leave by his company, went to Jingle Co unty in Shanxi Province with 21 other members.The Poverty Relief Relay Program was launched by the China Young Volunteers Association (CYVA) in order to recruit volunteers from all walks of life to work in poor areas and share their experience in education , medicine , science and technology. Each group of volunteers puts in one year of service.CYVA was founded in 1994 , aimed at motivating young people to provide voluntaryservice for the public good. As the Fi rst and largest organization o£its kind in China, it hashad an extensive impact on social welfare programs in China.The Poverty Relief Relay Program was conceived in June of 1996 , when the CYVA investigated several rural counties in northern China and finally chose Jingle as the firsttarget for the program. In September, a notice to recruit volunteers was published in several newspapers , requiring participants to have an educational level higher than junior college and qualifications for educational , or medical. or technical work. In addition. volunteers had tohave their employers' approval for a year' s leave and a guarantee of being able to resume employment after a year' s service. Usually, these volunteers have their salary suspen~eduntil they retur n.To the great surprise of the CYVA, their ads received a heavy response. In the halfmonth following the publication of the notice, the association received more than 200 letters and telephone calls , and 171 applications were processed. Twenty volunteers were to makeup the first group. but ∞nsequently two more members were added. According to a survey conducted by a local newspaper in Beijing , most young people who had heard of the program expressed a willingness to participate.R幅dPas踊ge 2 and then ch创_ the 1M自st answer thatmay complete 四ch of the statements below accol由ng to the p.篇age. Write youransw町5 on 由e Answer Sh帽t.11. In the secorid sentence of Paragraph 1, the word "eradicate" can be replaced byA. get rid ofC. produceB. gainD. evaluate12. What did Mr. Cai decide to do after reading the notice?A. To do marketing for the company.B. To ask for one year's leave.C. To become one of the volunteersD. To launch a new program for the company..13. How many members went to Jingle County in thePoverty Relief Relay Program at last?A. 20.B. 21C. 22.D. 2314. CYVA launched its programA. to ask for voluntary service by the youth to the associationB. to help young university graduates to find jobsC. to organize voluntary service for societyD. to help people from poor areas to find jobs in the city15. To participate in the Poverty Relief Relay Program. volunteers needA. to be from poverty stricken areasB. to be university graduatesC. to have the approval of their parentsD. to have had one year' s experience working in poor areas16. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Ca i was forced to join the Poverty Relief Relay Program by his company.B. The Poverty Relief Relay Program was launched by Shanxi Province government.C. CYVA is the second largest organization of its kind that has had a great impact in China.D. The Poverty Relief Relay Program was formed in 1996.17. CYVA recruited volunteers for the Poverty Relief Relay Program throughA. radioB. newspapersC. TVD. the Internet18. In their one year's service. the volunteers willA. have to quit their own jobsB. be paid by the local governmentC. receive no pay from their companiesD. be paid by the companies they work for71119ιThe findingsιfrom the survey by the local newspaper prove thatA. many young people are fed up with the jobs they are doingB. the program is relatively unknown to the publicC. very few people are intereste~d in the programD. many young people are willing to offer some h~lp·lo others20. The best title for the passage could beA. Volunteers Contribute to Poverty ReliefB. History of CYVA and It s ProgramC. Volunteers and Their CompaniesD. How to Find a Job in Jingle CountyQuestions 21…30 are based on Passage 3.Too often we just say the words "I' m sorry" and expect that to be good enough. It' snot. Thereare some very important steps to take for a truly heartfelt apology to beeffective. Here's howADMIT YO U' WERE WRONG 一The first and most important step is to admit thatyou have done something wrong. To say you are sorryand not admit wrongdoing is emptyand the injured party will not believe you.ACKNOWLEDGE THE DAMAGE DONE - The second important step' is toacknowledge the injuryyou have caused the other person(s). Have you hurt their feelings. damaged property. and caused them some difficulty? Be specific and tell them that you know what you did to them.ACCPET THE CONSEQUENCES - Accept complete responsibility for what you didas well as the consequences. The consequences could be personal. it could be financial. or it could be something else. Take your part and learn from it. Do n ' t try to turn it around atthis point and look for their part in the problem (i f any) or try to get them to say they' resorry. This is about YOU and YOUR actions. not theirs.712ASK FOR FORGIVENESS - Forgiveness doesn't mean. That is'somethingthat few people can truly do. It means, "I give up my right to hurt you back or hold thisover you in the future".CHANGE BEHAVIOUR IN THE FUTURE - Assure them that YO Ii will make theproper changes in the future and that you should keep this problem from happening again. Words with no action are pretty meaningless. 1£you promise to change , and the other person sees you change, you can repair your relationship and rebuild trust.The following statements are True or False.21. Many people think just saying "I'm sorry" is enough for an apology.22. People needto take a few important steps to make a truly heartfelt apologyeffective.23. The first and most important step is to admit that you have done everything wrong.24. The second important step is to accept complete responsibility for what both partiesdid.25. You shouldbe specificwhen you acknowledge the injury you havecaused the other person(s).26. Do n ' t try to look for the other person' s faults in the problem.27. Forgetting doesn't mean .forgivenes~. That is something that few people cantrulydo.28: Forgiveness means giving up the right to hurt back or hold it over others.29. Only when words are given with action could they be meaningfu l.30. Once trust is broken between people, it could never get repaired.Part N Short AnswerPassage 4The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, theother being the Republican Party. The Democratic Party is the oldest political party in the 713{J nitedS tates and arguably the oldest in the world, which traces its origins to the Democratic Republican Party. During the administration of President George Washington, Thomas Jefferson was the first Se cretary of State. Jefferson and several of his friends and partners became dissatisfied with the policies of the governmen t. They formed a political association that came to be called the Democratic Republican Party.In 1829, Andrew Jackson became the first Democratic President. Since that time. the issues of the nation and the ideas of the party have changed. Bo th the major parties have liberal and conservative members, but in general people consider the De mocrats today more liberal than the Republicans. Democrats often want the government to establish social programs for people in need , such as the poor , the unemployed, and the elderly. They usually say they believe in equal rights for women and minorities. and they oppose nuclear weapons and too much military spending. The symbol of the De mocratic Partyis the donkey.The Republican Party began in 1854 over the issue of slavery. Republicans opposed slavery. The first Republican candidate to become President was Abraham Li ncol n. After the Civil War , Republicans got interested in farm , land , and business issues. In general , Republicans vote more conservatively than Democrats. They want government to support big business but riot control the lives of citizens. They often oppose government spending for social programs but support military spending. The party symbol is the elephant.31. What' s the relationship between the Democratic Party and the Democratic Republican Party in the United States?32. Who was the first Democratic President in the American history33. What' s the symbol of the Democratic Party?34. Which party agreed to abolish slavery?35. What is the main content of the passage?Answers:Part I (30 points, 3 points each )1. Be cause she had won the national lottery.2. Be cause she wanted to have it ready to wear in the evening.3. There were four people in the catering company. (They were Mrs. Moore, Nancy,Harriet and Charlie Chivers. )4. Food, plates, dishes and so on.5. Yes , they did.6. bungalow7. throw a party。