• In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, people invented a conventional system of signs or symbols which mean the same to the sender and the receiver. • 为了更好的交流思想和感情，人们设计出了一套常用的标记和符 号系统，而这标记和符号交流双方都能看的懂。
• 一个句子里既有叙事的部分，又有表态的部分，在汉 语里往往是叙事在前，表态在后，叙事部分可以很长， 表态部分一般都很短。而在英语里则往往相反，表态 在前，叙事在后。
• I am very happy and grateful to receive your message of gces for practice
• 1.离开教室之前，请一定不要忘记关掉所有的 电灯。 • 2.一听到这个不幸的消息，他就禁不住哭了起 来。 • 3.他认为学好英语不是一件容易的事情。 • 4.他把自己的成功归因于运气，而不是能力。 • 5.经济不景气，要想找一份满意的工作太难了。 • 6.这次晚会如果组织得好，可以很成功。
Answer to the previous exercise
• 1. Be sure to turn off all the lights before you leave the classroom. • 2. She broke into tears when she learned the bad news. • 3. He doesn’t think it easy to learn English. • 4. He attributed his success to luck instead of ability. • 5. It’s difficult to find a satisfactory job now because of the sluggish economy. • 6.The party will turn out to be very successful if well arranged.
• （1） He spoke so well that everybody was convinced of his innocence. a. 他说得那么好听，以至于每一个人都相信他是无辜的。 b. 他说的那样好听，谁都相信他是无辜的。 （2） If you turn to the left, you will find our institute at a distance. a. 如果你向左转弯， 你就可以远远看到我们学校。 b. 向左转弯就可以远远看到我们学校。 （3） I can't trust him, because he is not honest. a. 因为他不老实，所以我不相信他。 b. 他不老实， 我不相信他。 （4） We took off and flew over the city and slowly gained height. a. 我们起飞了并且飞过城市并且慢慢飞高。 b. 我们起飞了，飞过城市，慢慢飞高。 （5） The cat ate the mouse that ate the malt that lay in the corner of the house. a. 猫吃了那只吃了放在房子角落里的麦芽糖的耗子。 b. 猫吃了耗子，耗子吃了放在房子角落里的麦芽糖。
Differences in Expressing Ideas between English and Chinese
• In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, people invented a conventional system of signs or symbols which mean the same to the sender and the receiver. • 一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌， 然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本是费尽心 机想要忘记的事情真的就那么忘记了。 • 许多人向往水晶般的爱情——晶莹剔透没有一点瑕疵。 更多人拥有的却是玻璃般的爱情——同样透明但容易 破碎。
• English: Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for words.—Eric Partridge • 汉语: 词意结构固定,多为双音节词, 词意单一具体.一词 多义多集中在单音词.
1. Difference in ways of thinking
• 在单个句子中，英语句子也是先中心，也就是 将主要思想、结果放在句首，放在主句里表达； 而汉语正相反，一般为后中心，主要的观点、 信息往往放在句末。如： • Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life． • ordered! oh, everything is ordered when a person has to find some way out when he has been stupid.
2. Difference in Structures between English and Chinese
• We never meet without a parting. He lived neither for fame nor for personal gains. • He was a free-will agent and he chose to do careful work, and if he failed, he took the responsibility without subterfuge. • There was something remarkable in his manner of doing so, though I could not have said for my life what.
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• 他的笑话把我给逗死了。 • His joke made me laugh to death. • He was always living ahead of his salary. • 他总是生活在他的工资之前。
Difference in layers of meanings
• • • • • • • • They killed the proposal. He is dressed to kill. She kills her child with kindness. He killed himself with overwork. He killed the spirit of the group. These flowers kill easily. The news he had brought killed our appetite. the business did whatever they could to kill the rumour.
• （1） He spoke so well that everybody was convinced of his innocence. a. 他说得那么好听，以至于每一个人都相信他是无辜 的。 （2） If you turn to the left, you will find our institute at a distance. a. 如果你向左转弯， 你就可以远远看到我们学校。 （3） I can't trust him, because he is not honest. a. 因为他不老实，所以我不相信他。 （4） We took off and flew over the city and slowly gained height. a. 我们起飞了并且飞过城市并且慢慢飞高。 An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once traveling in China．
Sentence for practice
• 深圳专门进行低价的整容手术，因而在那种地方风险 最大。 • 他使我认识到，我从他那里学到的，远远不只是知识， 这是他最大的贡献．
• His chief contribution was making me realize how much more than knowledge I have been getting from him.
• 足球运动员必须能不停地奔跑，有时得用头顶球，撞 别人或被别人撞，必须忍受双脚和肌肉的疼痛，所以 说，足球运动是一项难度大的运动。
• English: general -specific summarize--exemplify whole--respective
• Chinese: specific—general cause—effect
• Soccer is a difficult sport．
• 1）A player must be able to run steadily without rest． • 2）Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head． • 3）Players must be willing to bang into and be banged into by others． • 4） They must put up with aching feet and sore muscles．
• 一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经 意的瞬间，你会发现，原本是费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就那么忘记 了。 One is always on a strange road, watching strange scenery and listening to strange music. Then one day, you will find that the things you try hardto forget are already gone. Mos tof people are looking forward to the crystal-like love—pure without any defect. However the truth is most people are having the glasslikelove-same transparent but easily broken.