Monolithic integrated circuit historyThe monolithic integrated circuit was born in the late-1970s, has experienced SCM, MCU, the SOC three big stages.SCM namely monolithic microcomputer (Single Chip Microcomputer) the stage, mainly seeks the best monolithic shape embedded system's best architecture. “the innovation pattern” obtains successfully, has established SCM and the general-purpose calculator completely different development path. In founds on the embedded system independent development path, Intel Corporation has lasting achievements.MCU namely micro controller (Micro Controller Unit) the stage, the main technological development direction is: Expands unceasingly when satisfies the embedded application, the object system request's each kind of peripheral circuit and the interface circuit, underline its object intellectualization control. It involves the domain is related with the object system, therefore, develops the MCU heavy responsibility to fall inevitably on electrical, the electronic technology factory. Looking from this angle, Intel fades out the MCU development also to have its objective factor gradually. Is developing the MCU aspect, the most famous factory family belongings count Philips Corporation. Philips Corporation by it in embedded application aspect huge superiority, MCS-51 from monolithic microcomputer rapidly expand to micro controller. Therefore, when we review the embedded system development path, do not forget Intel and the Philips historical merit. Monolithic integrated circuit is the embedded system's road of independent development, to the MCU stage development's important attribute, seeks application system's on chip maximized solution;Therefore, the special-purpose monolithic integrated circuit's development has formed the SOC tendency naturally. Along with the microelectronic technology, the IC design, the EDA tool's development, can have the big development based on the SOC monolithic integrated circuit application system design. Therefore, to the monolithic integrated circuit the understanding may from the monolithic microcomputer, the monolithic micro controller extend to the monolithic application system.At present the monolithic integrated circuit seeps each domain which lives to us, which domain was nearly very difficult to find not to have monolithic integrated circuit's trail. Missile's navigation equipment, on the airplane each kind of measuring appliance's control, computer's network communication and the data transmission, the industrial automation process's real-time control and the data processing, the widespread use's each kind of intelligent IC card, the civil luxury car's safety system, the videocorder, the camera, the completely automatic washer's control, as well as program control toy, electronic pet and so on, these cannot leave the monolithic integrated circuit. Say nothing of automatic control domain robot, intelligent measuring appliance, medical instrument. Therefore, monolithic integrated circuit's study, the development and the application will accomplish one batch of computer application and the intellectualized control scientist, engineer. The monolithic integrated circuit widely applies in the instruments and meters, the domestic electric appliances, the medical equipment, domains and so on aerospace, special purpose equipment's intellectualized management and process control, approximately separable following several categories.Monolithic integrated circuit has the volume on smart instrument measuring appliance's application the to be small, the power loss is low, the control function is strong, the expansion is flexible, meritsand so on microminiaturization and easy to operate, widely apply in the instruments and meters, the union different type's sensor, may realize such as physical quantity and so on voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, current capacity, speed, thickness, angle, length, degree of hardness, element, pressure surveys. Uses the monolithic integrated circuit control to cause the instruments and meters digitization, the intellectualization, the microminiaturization, and the function compares uses the electron or the digital circuit is more formidable. For example precise measurement equipment (dynamometer, oscilloscope, each kind of analyzer).May constitute various control system, the data acquisition system in industrial control's application with the monolithic integrated circuit. For example factory assembly line intellectualized management, elevator intellectualization control, each kind of alarm system, with computer networking constitution two-stage control system and so on.May say like this in domestic electric appliances' application , present's domestic electric appliances basically have used the monolithic integrated circuit control, praises, the washer, the electric refrigerator, the air conditioner, the color television, other acoustic video frequency equipment from the electricity food, to arrive at the electronic weighting equipment again, all kinds of gate, omnipresent.Modern of monolithic integrated circuit has the correspondence connection generally in the computer network and correspondence domain's application the , may carry on the data communication very conveniently with the computer, for provided the extremely good physical conditions application between the computer network and communication facility's, present's communication facility has basically realized the monolithic integrated circuit intelligent control, from the handset, the telephone, the small program controlledswitch, the building automatic correspondence ringing system, the train wireless communication, arrived at the mobile phone which again in the routine work found at everywhere, the colony mobile communication, radio intercom and so on.Monolithic integrated circuit's monolithic integrated circuit's is also quite widespread in medical equipment domain application the in medical equipment use, for example medical life-support machine, each kind of analyzer, guardianship meter, ultrasound diagnosis equipment and hospital bed ringing system and so on.Certain special-purpose monolithic integrated circuit design uses in each kind of large-scale electric appliance's modulation using the realizing the specific function, thus carries on the modular application in each kind of electric circuit, but does not request to use the personnel to understand its internal structure. If music integration monolithic integrated circuit, looked that resembles the simple function, micro shrinks in the pure electronic chip (is different with magnetic tape unit's principle), needs complex being similar in computer's principle. For example: Music signal saves by the digital form in the memory (is similar to ROM), reads out by the micro controller, transforms (is similar for the simulation music electrical signal to sound card). in the large-scale electric circuit, this kind of modular application reduced the volume enormously, simplified the electric circuit, reduced the damage, the error rate, also facilitates in the replacement. in addition, the monolithic integrated circuit in the industry and commerce, the finance, the scientific research, the education, domains and so on national defense aerospace has the very widespread monolithic integrated circuit founded the modern electron system time.The monolithic integrated circuit and embedded system the embedded system stems from computer's embedded application, the early embeddedsystem for the general-purpose calculator after the re-equipping inserts to the object system's in each kind of electronic system, like ships' autopilot, turbine observation system and so on. The embedded system first is a computer system, next it is inserted to the object system, realizes in the object system object functions and so on request data acquisition, processing, condition demonstration, output control, because inserts in the object system, embedded system's computer does not have computer's absolute form and the function. The monolithic integrated circuit is completely defers to the embedded system request design, therefore the monolithic integrated circuit is the most typical embedded system. The early monolithic integrated circuit is only according to the embedded applied technology request design computer single chip integration, therefore famous monolithic integrated circuit. Afterward, the monolithic integrated circuit to satisfy embedded strengthens its control function and the periphery interface function unceasingly using the request, particularly prominent control function, therefore internationally rectified names the monolithic integrated circuit for the micro controller (MCU, Microcontroller Unit).Monolithic integrated circuit constitutes the modern electron system will become mainstream electron system the monolithic integrated circuit will be the component level computer system, it may insert to any object system, realizes the intellectualized control. Slightly to miniature machinery, like wristwatch, hearing aid. The integrated device level's low end, lowers to several Yuan, several Yuan, causes the monolithic integrated circuit to popularize sufficiently to many civil electrical appliances, the electronic toy. The monolithic integrated circuit constitutes the modern electron system penetrated into various each household, is changing our life, like in family sound, television, washer, microwave oven, telephone, burglary protectionsystem, air conditioner and so on. The monolithic integrated circuit innovated the original electronic system, after like the microwave oven uses the monolithic integrated circuit control, but carries on the clock establishment, the procedure memory, the power control conveniently; After the air conditioner uses the monolithic integrated circuit, not only the remote control parameter establishment is convenient, the running status transforms automatically, but may also realize the frequency conversion control. After at present many domestic electric appliances like VCD, DVD only then the monolithic integrated circuit appears, only then possibly realizes its function.The embedded system has led entire electronic industry the present electron primary device industry besides the microprocessor, the embedded system component, mostly is revolves the modern electron systems assembly the primary device industry, for example satisfies the pressed key which the man-machine interaction uses, LED/LCD demonstrated that the actuation, the LED/LCD display unit, the pronunciation integrated device and so on, satisfies the data acquisition channel request the digital sensor, ADC, the data acquisition module, the signal recuperation module and so on, satisfies the servo to actuate the control DAC, the solid relay, to step-by-step electrical machinery controller, the frequency conversion control unit and so on, satisfies the correspondence request each kind of main line driver, the level switch and so on. world electron primary device under the embedded system leads, along satisfies the embedded application fully the modern electron system request development. This causes the original classical electron system's world to be getting more and more small. In the electronic system's each kind of jobholders should change the modern electron system's broad road as soon as monolithic integrated circuit will accomplish the new generation electron outstanding the 50s, the radio world has accomplished severalgeneration of outstanding people, then the now monolithic integrated circuit world will accomplish the new generation electron outstanding person.The monolithic integrated circuit leads you to enter intellectualized electron domain , if treats as the classical electron system a deathly stiff electronic system, then the intellectualized modern electron system has “the life” the electronic system. The monolithic integrated circuit application system's hardware archit ecture gives the electronic system “the stature”, the monolithic integrated circuit application system's application procedure entrusts with it “the life”. For example, when design intellectualization instrument monitor's demonstration function, may when starting display system self-checking result, not when come on the line demonstrated each kind of readiness for action, the instrument moves when demonstrated the movement process, after end of job, might demonstrate the current result, the self-checking result, the primary data, each kind of processing report form and so on. When unattended, may assign each kind of automatic movement function. The electron system's intelligence changes into the without limits boundary, does not need the hardware source the addition to be able frequently to realize each kind to renovate the function. This is also one of current many domestic electric appliances function massive addition factors.The monolithic integrated circuit leads you to enter calculates the mechanic to control domain in the 21st century is the universe enters Computer Age the century, many people are not are making the computer are using the computer. In uses in computer's people, is engaged in the embedded system application the talented person enters truly to computer system's internal software and hardware system, can comprehend computer's intellectualized essence truly and grasp the intellectualized design the knowledge. Obtains from the studymonolithic integrated circuit applied technology raises one of now computer application software and hardware technology talented person's best paths.The monolithic integrated circuit leads you to enter most charming electronic world the alone charm the monolithic function to cause you to realize computer's true meaning, you may use the monolithic integrated circuit to begin to design the intelligent toy personally, may design the different application procedure to realize the different function. Both has the hardware to manufacture and has the software design, also moves the brain, to begin. The primary level potential intelligence toy, programs with the macro instruction. Intermediate level potential some intelligence controller, like computer mouse, intelligent vehicle, each kind of remote-control model. The high-level level potential robot, like the robot soccer game, the develop industry control unit, the network service and so on, and uses the assembly language or the higher order language design application procedure. Electronic industry future which form regarding the monolithic integrated circuit and the embedded system, will provide the broad world for the electronic amateur, was radio the world the same year to be broader than, to be richer, is more lasting, has the charm the electronic world. Joins in the monolithic integrated circuit world to come, will cause your life to profit.单片机历史单片机诞生于20世纪70年代末，经历了SCM、MCU、SOC三大阶段。