新人教版｜七年级下册所有语法知识点全汇总一. 情态动词can的用法can+动词原形;它不随主语的人称和数而变化..1. 含有can的肯定句：主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他..2. 含有can的否定句：主语+can't+动词的原形+其他..3. 变一般疑问句时;把can提前：Can+主语+动词原形+其他肯定回答：Yes;主语+can..否定回答：No;主语+can't.4. 含有can的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他I can speak English.→I can't speak English.→Can you speak English →What can you speak二. what time和when引导的特殊疑问句1. 询问钟点时用what time;询问日期、月份、年份时用when..2. What's the time =What time is it 现在几点了3. 时刻表达法：顺读法和逆读法..顺读法：“钟点+分钟”直接读数字..如：7: 05 seven five；8:16 eight sixteen逆读法：借助介词past或to表示;要先说分再说钟点..a. 当分钟不超过30分钟时包括30分钟;即<或=30;用past表示..其结构为：“分钟+past+整点”意为“几点过几分”..如：1:25 twenty-five past oneb. 当超过30分钟时;即>30;用to表示..其结构为：“所差分钟即60—所过分钟数+to+下一个整点”;to译成“差”;差几分钟到几点..如：4:38 twenty-two to fivec. 当分钟为30分钟用half表示;当分钟为15分钟用a quarter..三. how引导的特殊疑问句1. how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式;其答语分三种情况：a. take a/an/the+交通工具单数b. by+交通工具单数c. on/in+限定词+交通工具---How do you go to school every day---I take a bus to go to school every day./I go to school by bus every day./I go to school on the bus every day.2. how far 用来提问距离;多远;其答语分为两种：1用长度单位表示：It is five kilometers.2用时间表示：It’s twenty minutes’walk.3. how long 用来提问时间;意为多久回答常用“for+段时”..----How long have you learnt English----For 3 years.4. how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间; 用于将来时态; 常用“in+时间段”来回答..----How soon will you arrive in Beijing ----In 3 hours.四. 祈使句祈使句一般表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等..一般以动词原形开头;句末可以用感叹号或句号..1. 肯定的祈使句：1 实义动词原形+其他：Please look at that boy.2 be动词原形+形容词+其他：Be quiet; please.2. 否定的祈使句：1 Don’t+实义动词+原形 Don't stand there.2 Don’t be+形容词+其他 Don't be so noisy.4 No+n./V-ingNo photos. 不许照相..No talking. 不许谈话..五. 现在进行时现在进行时指当前时间正在发生的动作..常与now;at this moment;listen;look等词连用..1. 现在进行时的基本结构肯定式：am/is/are+doing现在分词否定式：am/is/are not +doing现在分词一般疑问式：Am/Is/Are + 主语 +doing现在分词+ 其他特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式They’re having a meeting now. 他们现在正在开会..They aren't having a meeting now. 他们现在没有在开会..Are they having a meeting now 他们现在正在开会吗What are they doing now 他们现在正在做什么2. 现在进行时的基本用法1表示此时此刻正在发生的事情..常与now;at the moment;look;listen 等词连用..The little boy is watching TV now. 这个小男孩现在正在看电视..ListenShe is playing the guitar in the next room. 听她正在隔壁房间弹吉他..2表示现阶段一直在进行着或是重复发生着的动作;不强调此时此刻正在做..常与表示时间段的时间状语连用..I am studying computer this term. 这个学期我一直在学习计算机..3表示说话人褒义或贬义的情感色彩;如赞许、批评、喜欢、厌恶等..此时常与alway、often等频度副词连用..He is always thinking of others ; not of himself. 他总是为他人着想;而不为自己..表示赞许One of my roommates is often leaving things about. 我的一个室友经常乱扔东西..表示不满4表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作..现在进行时表示一般将来的含义..①瞬时动词的进行时在任何情况下都表示将来含义..这些动词包括go ; come ; leave;arrive ; return等..I am leaving.我将要离开了..I am leaving tomorrow.我将会明天离开..②持续动词的进行时;只有在有将来时间状语或将来语境的情况下才可以表示将来含义..An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon.今天下午一位美国教授将要作报告..将来含义An American professor is giving a lecture.一个美国教授正在作报告..进行含义3. 现在分词doing的变化规则1一般在情况下;在动词词尾加-ing..go——goingplay——playingknow——knowing2以不发音的字母e结尾动词;先去e再加-ing..make——makingarrive——arrivingcome——coming3以重读闭音节结尾;且动词词尾只有一个辅音字母时;先双写这个辅音字母;再加-ing..run——running stop——stoppingswim——swimmingrun——runningput——puttingsit——sittingbegin——beginning plan——planningcut——cuttingget——gettingshop——shoppingchat——chatting regret——regrettingdig——digging4以-ie结尾;先将-ie改成y;再加-ing.. tie——tyingdie——dyinglie——lying六. There be结构1. There be句型主要用以表达“某处有某人某物;强调存在”其基本结构为“There be＋某物某人＋某地”;有时为了强调地点;也可把地点状语放在句首..There is a book on the desk.On the desk there is a book.1肯定句：“There be+主语某人/某物+介词短语”There are three people in my family. 我家有三口人..There is a pen and two books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书..2否定式：“There be +not+主语+介词短语”There isn’t a boy in the room.房间里没有一个男孩..There aren’t any books on the desk.书桌上没有书..注意：“There be句型”的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样;在be后加not或no即可..注意not和no的不同：not是副词;no为形容词;所以not a/an/any+n;相当于no+n..There aren’t any pictures on the wall.=There are no pictures on the wall.There isn’t a bike behind the tree.=There is no bike behind the tree.3疑问式：Be there+主语+介词短语”肯定回答是：“Yes; there be.”否定回答是：“No; there+be与not的缩写形式”..—Is there a lamp in your bedroom 在你的卧室里有台灯吗—Yes; there is.是的;有..—Are there any clock in the living room 客厅里有钟吗—No; there aren’t.不;没有..4特殊疑问句：一般有两种句型结构How many+复数名词+are/were there+介词短语There’re many children in the park.How many children are there in the parkHow much+不可数名词+is/was there+介词短语There was little rain around the year.How much rain was there around the year2. have表示“某人拥有某人或某物;强调拥有和所属关系”..The man has two cars.3. There be句型中的就近原则;即be和距其最近的主语保持一致.. There are some pens and a book on the floor. =There is a book and some pears on the floor.七. 选择疑问句选择疑问句是指说话人提出两种或以上的情况;让对方选择是哪一种;两个选择部分用or连接..选择疑问句不用yes或no来回答;直接在两个选择里选一个回答..---Is she tall or short ---She is tall.---Can you play the piano or play the guitar ---I can play the piano八. 名词1. 名词单数变复数规则在英语里面;名词分可数名词countable noun和不可数名词uncountable noun..不可数名词没有单复数之分;用时只当单数词用；可数名词有单复数之分;一个的前面要用a或an;eg: a pencil; a basketball; a dictionary; an egg; an ID card;而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化;情况如下：1一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”book→books;pen→pens;car→cars;map→maps;cartoon→cartoons 2以s;x;sh;ch结尾的词+“es”box→boxes;watch→watches3以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”;改成“i”;再加“es”family→families;comedy→comedies4以f或fe结尾的词;先去掉f或fe;改成“v”再加esknife→knives;wife→wives;handkerchief→handkerchieves5 特殊词;特殊变化;需单独记：child→children;man→men;foot→feet;woman→womentooth→teeth;sheep→sheep;deer→deer2. 既是可数名词又是不可数名词的单词chicken当“鸡肉”讲时是不可数;当“小鸡”讲时可数；room当“空间”讲时不可数;当“房间”讲时可数；fish当食物用“鱼、鱼肉”讲时不可数;当“鱼的种类”讲时可数；hair泛指“毛发”时不可数;当“一根或几根毛发”讲时可数；sound意思是“一般性的声音”时;不可数;指“一次发出的声音”时可数；paper当“纸”讲时不可数;当“试卷”、“论文”、“证件”讲时可数；time当“时间”讲时不可数;当“时代、倍数、次数”讲时可数；exercise泛指“锻炼”时不可数;当“练习、做操”讲时可数九. 一般过去时一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态与现在无关 ..常与yesterday; last week; in 1989; just now; a moment ago; the other day等过去具体时间状语连用..He was here just now.他刚才还在这里..What did you do yesterday你昨天做了什么事一般过去时基本结构1. 肯定句形式：主语+动词过去式+其他I was an English teacher one year ago.一年前我是一名英语老师..I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子..2. 否定句形式：①was/were+not; ②在行为动词前加didn't;同时还原行为动词I wasn't an English teacher one year ago.一年前我不是一名英语老师..I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子..3. 一般疑问句：①was/were提到句首；②Did+主语+动词原形+其他Were you an English teacher one year ago一年前你是一名英语老师吗Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What were you one year ago一年前你是做什么的。