感谢网友资源。本档特以解析，对照译文逐句拆分，以馈学友。
一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协
议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.
例1：
The Employer hereby covenants
to pay the Contractor
in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein
the Contract Price or such other sum
as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.
参考译文:
业主特此立约保证
在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式
向承包人支付
合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,
以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。
注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此
(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同
(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工
(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中
(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价
(6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which
(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照
(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款例
2：
We hereby certify
to the best of our knowledge that
the foregoing statement is true and correct
and all available information and data have been supplied herein,
and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.
注释：（1）hereby：特此
（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知
（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明
（4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中
（5）documentary proof：证明文件
参考译文：
特此证明，
据我们所知，
上述声明内容真实，正确无误，
并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，
我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。
例3：
This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between
Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B)
on (Date), in (Place), China,
on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.
注释：（1）hereby：特此
（2）hereinafter referred to as Party A：以下称甲方
（3）on the principle of equality and mutual benefit：在平等互利基础上
（4）through amicable consultation：通过友好协商
参考译文：
本合同双方，公司（以下称甲方）与公司（以下称乙方），
在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商，
于年月日在中国（地点），
特签订本合同。
例4：
This agreement is hereby made and entered into on (Date),
by and between Co. China (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B).
注释：（1）this agreement is hereby made and entered into：特此订立本协议在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词：sign (make, conclude or enter into) this agreement, 按照同义词连用的写作特点，可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示）。
（2）hereinafter referred to as Party B：以下简称乙方
参考译文：
本协议特由中国公司（以下简称甲方）与公司（以下简称乙方）
于年月日订立。
二hereof
英文释义: of this
中文译词:关于此点；在本文件中
用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”时，使用该词。例如表示本合同条件、条款时，可以说“the terms, conditions and provisions hereof”，这里hereof表示“of this Contract”；又如表示本工程的任何部分，可用“any parts hereof”，这里hereof表示“of this Works”。
语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。
hereof和thereof的区别：hereof强调“of this”。例如，上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”中的thereof表示of the Contract；“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the Works。
例1
Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not,
the owner of the goods shall,
without interruption, by day and night, including Sundays and holidays (if required by the carrier),
supply and take delivery of the goods,
provided that the owner of the goods shall be liable
for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.
注释：
（1）Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not：不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，whether… or not：不论……是否
（2）the owner of the goods：货方
（3）without interruption：无间断地
（4）carrier：承运人
（5）in default on the provisions hereof：违反本款规定hereof：of this Clause
参考译文：
不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，货方都应昼夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承运人需要），无间断地提供和提取货物。货方对违反本款规定所引起的所有损失或损坏，包括滞期应负担赔偿责任。
例2
Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall,
in accordance with the provisions hereof,
cover
such legal entities and other organization
as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.
注释：
（1）foreign trade dealers：对外贸易经营者
（2）as mentioned in this Law：本法所称
（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法规定
（4）legal entity：法人
（5）be engaged in foreign trade dealings：从事对外贸易经营活动
参考译文：
本法所称对外贸易经营者，
是指
依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的
法人和其他组织。
例3
The establishment of a limited liability company or a company limited by shares shall comply with the conditions and provisions of this Law.
A company complying with the conditions and provisions hereof may be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares,
provided that if a company fails to comply with the conditions and provisions hereof, the company in question shall not be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.
注释：
（1）a limited liability company：有限责任公司
（2）a company limited by shares：股份有限公司
（3）provisions hereof：本法规定hereof: of this Law
（4）may be registered as：登记为
参考译文：
设立有限责任公司、股份有限公司，必须符合本法规定的条件。
符合本法规定的条件的，登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司；
不符合本法规定的条件的，不得登记为有限责任公司或股份有限公司。
例4
If, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons,
an arbitrator
fails to perform his duties as an arbitrator,
another arbitrator shall,
in accordance with the provisions hereof,
be selected or appointed.
注释：
（1）as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons：回避或者其它原因
（2）arbitrator：仲裁员
（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法规定
（4）be selected or appointed：选定或指定
参考译文：
仲裁员
因回避或者其它原因
不能履行职责的，
应当依照本法规定
重新选定或指定
仲裁员。
例5
In the event of conflict between
the provisions on arbitration
formulated and prepared prior to the effective date of this Law
and the provisions of this Law,
the provisions hereof shall prevail.
注释：
（1）conflict：相抵触
（2）prior to the effective date of this Law：本法施行前
（3）the provisions hereof shall prevail：以本法为准hereof：of this Law
参考译文：
本法施行前制定的
有关仲裁的规定
与本法的规定相抵触的，
以本法为准。
例6
Where, in accordance with laws, the circumstance(s) specified in Article 15 and Article 16 of this Law is /are confirmed,
the organization with compensatory obligations
shall pay compensation in any of the circumstance in question.
Where the claimant for compensation demands the confirmation of one of the circumstances specified in Article 15 and Article 16 hereof, and the demanded organization refuses to make the confirmation,
the claimant shall have the right to lodge a complaint.
Where the claimant claims compensation, the claim, shall, first, be lodged to the organization for compensatory obligations.
The provisions of Article 10, Article 11 and Article 12 hereof shall apply to/ in the procedures of compensation.
注释：
（1）the organization with compensatory obligations：赔偿义务机关
（2）shall pay compensation：应当给予赔偿
（3）the claimant for compensation：赔偿请求人
（4）Article 15 and Article 16 hereof：本法第十五条、第十六条hereof：of this Law
（5）shall have the right to lodge a complaint：有权申诉
（6）claims compensation：要求赔偿
（7）apply to/ in：适用More Examples: The comment applies equally here. /That argument does not apply in this case. /That applies to at least nine-tenths of the people we see about. /These remarks apply to every town in this kingdom. /The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.
参考译文：
赔偿义务机关对
依法确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定的情形之一的，
应当给予赔偿。
赔偿请求人要求确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定情形之一的，被要求的机关不予确认的，
赔偿请求人有权申诉。
赔偿请求人要求赔偿，
应当先向赔偿义务机关提出。
赔偿程序适用本法第十条、第十一条、第十二条的规定。
例7
If an arbitrator involved in one of circumstances specified in Item 4, Article 34 of this Law, and if it is serious, or those specified in Item 6, Article 58 hereof,
the arbitrator in question shall, in accordance with the law, bear the legal liability and responsibility.
The arbitration commission shall remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators.
注释：
（1）arbitrator：仲裁员
（2）Article 58 hereof：本法第五十八条hereof：of this Law
（3）bear the legal liability and responsibility：承担法律责任
（4）the arbitration commission：仲裁委员会
（5）remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators：将其除名
参考译文：
仲裁员有本法第三十四条第四项规定的情形，情节严重的，或者有本法第五十八条第六项规定的情形的，应当依法承担法律责任，
仲裁委员会应当将其除名。
例8
If, pursuant to this Law,
the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals fail to grant approval to such an application as meets the requirements and provisions hereof,
or the company registration authorities fail to register a company whose application meets the requirements hereof, the party in question may, in accordance with laws, apply for reconsideration or bring an administrative suit.
注释：
（1）the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals：履行审批职责的有关主管部门
（2）meets the requirements and provisions hereof：符合本法条件
（3）the company registration authorities：负责公司登记的主管部门
（4）the requirements hereof：本法条件hereof: of this Law
（5）apply for reconsideration：申请复议
（6）bring an administrative suit：提起行政诉讼
参考译文：
依照本法，
履行审批职责的有关主管部门，对符合本法条件的申请不予批准，
或负责公司登记的主管部门不予登记，
当事人可以依法申请复议或者提起行政诉讼。
例9
This Decision shall apply to
the crimes committed against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof
by the staff and workers of enterprises other than limited liability companies and companies limited by shares.
注释：
（1）the crimes committed：犯罪行为
（2）against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof：犯有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定hereof: of this Decision
参考译文：
有限责任公司、股份有限公司以外的企业职工
有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定的犯罪行为的，
适用本决定。
例10
Companies registered and established prior to the effective date of this Law shall,
in accordance with Laws, administrative regulations, local regulations and pursuant to the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies” or the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares” issued by the relevant responsible department of the State Council,
continue to exist.
Those companies not completely satisfying the requirements of this Law shall, within the specified time limit,
meet the requirements hereof.
Specific methods for implementation of this Law will be set out in separate regulations issued by the State Council. 注释：
（1）companies registered：已登记成立的公司
（2）the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies”：《有限责任公司规范意见》
（3）the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares”：《股份有限公司规范意见》
（4）the relevant responsible department of the State Council国务院有关主管部门
（5）in separate regulations issued by the State Council：由国务院另行规定
参考译文：
本法施行前已登记成立的公司，
应依照法律、行政法规、地方性法规和国务院有关主管部门制定的《有限责任公司规范意见》，和《股份有限公司规范意见》，
继续保留。
其中不完全具备本法规定的条件的，应当在规定的期限内达到本法规定的条件。
具体实施办法，由国务院另行规定。
例11
Unfair competition mentioned in this Law
refers to
acts of such business operators
as contravene the provisions hereof,
with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators,
and disturbing the socio-economic order.
注释：
（1）unfair competition：不正当竞争
（2）business operators：经营者
（3）contravene the provisions hereof：违反本法规定the provisions hereof：本法规定hereof：of this Law （4）the lawful rights and interests：合法权益
（5）disturbing the socio-economic order：扰乱社会经济秩序
参考译文：
本法所称的不正当竞争，
是指
经营者违反本法规定，
损害其他经营者的合法权益，
扰乱社会经济秩序的
行为。
三hereto
英文释义: to this
中文译词:至此，在此上。
用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”时，使用该词。例如表示“本合同双方”，可以说“the Parties hereto”，这里hereto表示“to this Contract”；表示“本协议附件4”，可用“Appendix 4 hereto”，这里hereto 表示“to this Agreement”。
语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。
hereto和thereto的区别：同前面所言hereof和thereof的区别类似，hereto强调的是“to this”。
例1
All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall,
through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto.
Should, through negotiations, no settlement be reached,
the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing
and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied.
The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto.
The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.
注释：
（1）t he performance of this Contract：履行本合同
（2）through amicable negotiations：友好协商
（3）the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Contract本合同双方
（4）shall then be submitted for arbitration：提交进行仲裁
（5）the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing：中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京）
（6）the arbitration rules of this Commission：其仲裁规则
（7）the award of the arbitration：仲裁裁决
（8）unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission：仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外
参考译文：
对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，
本合同双方应友好协商解决，
如协商无法解决争议，
则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），
依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁。
仲裁裁决是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。
仲裁费用应由败诉方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。
例2
“Patented Technology” means
such patent, and such applications for the patent
as are presently owned or will hereafter be acquired in the future by Party B,
or as Party B has or may have the right to control,
or as are permitted to be transferred during the effective period of this Contract in any or all countries of the world, and as are applicable to or may be used in the manufacture of Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto.
注释：
（1）patented technology：专利技术
（2）patent：专利
（3）application for the patent：专利申请
（4）may have the right to control：可能有权控制的
（5）permitted to be transferred in any or all countries of the world：在世界任何国家许可转让
（6）Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto：本合同双方规定的本合同产品hereto: to this Contract 参考译文：
“专利技术”，系指
乙方目前拥有的或未来获得的，
或乙方有权或可能有权控制的，
或在本合同有效期间在世界任何国家许可转让的，适用于或可能适用制造本合同双方规定的本合同产品的专利和专利申请。
例3
“Technical Documents” means
the data and the information specified in Appendix 1 hereto,
such as engineering, manufacturing and original information relating to the manufacture and maintenance of the Contract Products,
including drawings, blueprints, design sheets, material specifications, photographs, photostats and general data, and design and their specifications
relating to manufacturing equipment, tools and facilities,
provided that the above-mentioned information shall be such information as is only available to Party B and applicable to the business operation of Party A under this Contract.
注释：
（1）technical documents：技术资料
（2）the data and the information：资料
（3）engineering：工程
（4）manufacturing：制造
（5）original information：原始资料
（6）blueprint：蓝本
（7）design sheets：设计图表
（8）material specifications：材料规格
（9）photostats：影印资料
（10）general data：一般资料
（11）design and their specifications relating to manufacturing euipment, tools and facilities：与制造设备、工具和装置有关的设计及其说明书
参考译文：
“技术资料”系指列于附件1与制造和维修合同产品有关的工程、制造及原始资料，
包括与制造设备、工具和装置有关的
图纸、蓝本、设计图表、材料规格、照片、影印资料和一般资料、设计及其说明书等，
但上述资料仅限于乙方拥有的资料和甲方用于本合同业务活动的资料。
例4
If Party B demands to audit the accounts of Party A,
Party B shall, within 10 days after receiving the written notice issued by Party A under Sub-Clause 3.4 of this Contract,
notify Party A of the mater in question.
The specific contents and procedure of auditing accounts
are detailed in Appendix 4 hereto.
注释：
（1）audit the accounts of Party A：查核甲方的帐目
（2）Sub-Clause 3.4 of this Contract：本合同第3.4款
（3）the specific contents and procedure of auditing accounts：其具体的查帐内容和程序
（4）Appendix 4 hereto：本合[同附件4 hereto：to this Contract
参考译文：
乙方如需查核甲方的帐目时，
应在接到甲方依上述本合同第3.4款规定开出的书面通知后10天之内
通知甲方，
其具体的查帐内容和程序
详见本合同附件4。
例5
The parties to this Agreement agree that either Party hereto shall,
immediately and fully,
notify the other Party hereto
of any such matters comprising an improvement, modification, further invention or design
as the Party in question may discover, make or develop with respect to manufacture and assembly of the Licensed Products or components thereof.
The Party discovering, making or developing the subject matter in question may,
at its own expense and its own name,
file application for Letter Patent or take other necessary legal steps to protect the same,
and any patent arising therefrom shall belong to the Party in question.
The other Party may, during the effective period hereof,
make use of, and sell products utilizing such improvement, modification, further invention or design (whether patented or un-patented)
without charge and royalty fee
in any manner consistent with this agreement.
注释：
（1）either Party hereto：本协议各方（不译成“one Party hereto）。
（2）improvement, modification, further invention or design：改进、修正、更新本发明或设计
（3）discover, make or develop：开发
（4）manufacture and assembly of the Licensed Products or components thereof：生产及装配许可证产品或部件
（5）file application for Letter Patent：申请专利
（6）take other necessary legal steps to protect the same：其它必要的法律保护程序the same: Letter Patent （7）any patent arising therefrom：由此产生的专利
（8）consistent with this agreement：与本协议不相矛盾
参考译文：
本协议各方同意，一方
对于有关生产及装配许可证产品或部件所做的
改进、修正、更新发明或设计
均应立即全部
通知另一方。
开发改进的一方可以
自负费用并以自身名义
申请专利或采取其它必要的法律保护程序，
由此产生的专利将属于该方所有。
在本协议的有效期内，另一方可以
与本协议不相矛盾的方式
无偿
使用和销售利用改进、修正、更新本发明或设计（无论其是否取得专利权）生产的产品。
例6
The Parties to this Agreement agree that Y shall supply to FCAM
certain license and technical assistance for manufacturing Products.
The Technical Assistance Agreement to be concluded between FCAM and Y
shall be deemed to be an attachment as Appendix 2 hereto (hereinafter referred to as the “Technical Assistance Agreement”).
注释：
（1）certain license and technical assistance for manufacturing Products：有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务（2）the technical assistance agreement：技术服务协议
（3）Appendix 2 hereto：本协议附件2 hereto：to this Agreement
参考译文：
本协议双方同意Y将向FCAM提供
有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务，
FCAM和Y将订立技术服务协议
并作为本协议附件2（以下称作“技术服务协议”）。
例7
The Parties to this Agreement agree and ensure that FCAM will,
to the maximum extent practicably possible,
use the forms required by Y
for such data on management and financial information as are given by FCAM to the Parties hereto,
and that FCAM shall prepare and keep accounting and financial records and books available
for inspection or audit by either Party hereto.
注释：
（1）to the maximum extent practicably possible：尽实际可能最大限度地
（2）data on management and financial information：管理和财务信息材料
（3）prepare and keep accounting and financial records and books：建好会计和财务帐目
（4）available for inspection or audit by either Party hereto：以备本协议各方的检查或审计either Party hereto：
either Party to this Agreement本协议双方inspection：检查audit：审计
参考译文：
本协议双方同意保证FCAM将
尽实际可能最大限度地
使用Y所要求的表格式样，
用于FCAM向协议各方提供管理和财务信息材料；
并且FCAM应建好会计和财务帐目
以备协议双方的检查或审计。
例8
The Parties to this Agreement agree that
the Board of Directors authorized by the Parties hereto to administrate or manage FCAM
shall be responsible for approving the overall business management plan of the company, and monitoring the execution of the plan in question,
provided that the business management plan in question shall be submitted to the Parties hereto for review and approval.
注释：
（1）Board of Directors authorized by the Parties hereto：本协议双方授权的董事会hereto：to this Agreement （2）to administrate or manage FCAM：管理FCAM administrate：行政管理manage：业务管理
（3）the overall business management plan of the company：公司整体经营计划
（4）monitor the execution of the plan in question：监督该计划的执行
（5）review and approval：审阅和批准
参考译文：
本协议双方同意
授权管理FCAM的董事会
对公司整体经营计划的报批和监督执行负责。
该经营计划需要提交协议双方审阅和批准。
例9
The Parties to this Agreement agree, and will cause FCAM to agree,
that Y will sell to FCAM, and FCAM will buy from Y,
all such specialized machinery and equipment as is determined through mutual consultation by and between Y and FCAM
for the effective utilization of the technical know-how supplied by Y to FCAM under the Technical Assistance Agreement
at such prices and on such terms and conditions as are determined by and between the Parties hereto.
注释：
（1）specialized machinery and equipment：特定机器设备equipment：（单数形式）设备
（2）determined through mutual consultation：协商决定
（3）the effective utilization of the technical know-how：有效使用技术诀窍
（4）terms and conditions：条件
（5）(such…) as：作关系代词，意为which, that
参考译文：
本协议双方同意并将使FCAM同意
Y将向FCAM出售，FCAM从Y购买，
经过Y和FCAM协商决定的特定机器设备，
以保证根据技术服务协议由Y向FCAM提供的技术诀窍得到有效使用，
并以协议双方同意的价格和条件成交。
例10
The termination of this Contract
shall not in any way affect the outstanding claims and liabilities existing between the Parties hereto upon the expiration of the validity of the Contract
and the debtor shall continue to be kept liable for paying the outstanding debts to the creditor.
注释：
（1）the termination of this Contract：本合同期满
（2）outstanding claims and liabilities：未了债务
（3）debtor：债务人
（4）creditor：债权人
参考译文：
本合同期满时，
双方之间发生的未了债务
不受合同期满的影响，
债务人应向债权人继续支付未了债务
四herein 英文释义:in this 中文译词:此中，于此用法:表示上文已提及的“本合同（中）的……，本法（中）的……”等时，使用该词。如表示“本法（中）所称的不正当竞争”，可译为“unfair competition mentioned herein”，此处herein表示“in this Law”；表示“本协议（中）内容”，译为“the Contents herein”，此处herein表示“in this Agreement”。语法：置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词.
例1 Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to such acts of business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order. Business operators mentioned herein refer to such legal persons, other economic organizations and individuals as engage in the trading of goods or profit-making services (hereafter called Goods including services).
注释：（1）unfair competition：不正当竞争（2）mentioned in this Law：本法所称（3）refer to：是指（4）contravene the provisions hereof：违反本法规定（5）damage the lawful rights and interests of other business operators：损害其他经营者的合法权益（6）disturb the socio-economic order：扰乱社会经济秩序（7）business operators mentioned herein：本法所称的经营者herein：in this Law （8）engage in the trading of goods or profit-making services：从事商品经营或营利性服务engage in：从事，be engaged in：忙于参考译文：本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。本法所称的经营者，是指从事商品经营或营利性服务（以下所称商品包括服务）的法人、其他经济组织和个人。
例2
This Law is hereby formulated and prepared
in order to develop the foreign trade, maintain the foreign trade order and promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy.
Foreign trade mentioned herein shall cover
the import and export of goods, technology and the international trade in services.
注释：（1）this Law is hereby formulated and prepared：兹制定本法（2）maintain the foreign trade order：维护对外贸易秩序（3）promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy：促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展（4）foreign trade mentioned herein：本法所称对外贸易herein：in this Law （5）the international trade in services：国际服务贸易
参考译文：
为了发展对外贸易，维护对外贸易秩序，促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展，
兹制定本法。
本法所称对外贸易，是指
货物进出口、技术进出口和国际服务贸易。
例3
The term “company” mentioned herein refers to
such a limited liability company or such a company limited by shares
as are established within the territory of China in accordance with this Law.
注释：（1）mentioned herein：mentioned in this Law 本法所称（2）limited liability company：有限责任公司（3）company limited by shares：股份有限公司（4）within the territory of China：在中国境内
参考译文：
本法所称公司是指
依照本法在中国境内设立的
有限责任公司和股份有限公司。
例4
Illegal gains from the crimes as specified in this Decision shall, if any, be confiscated.
Where those commit crimes against the provisions herein,
with their illegal gains to be confiscated, a fine imposed on, their property forfeited and a civil compensation assumed by,
and their property and assets are insufficient for the payments of all the above items,
they shall first be liable for the civil compensation.
注释：（1）illegal gains：违法所得（2）shall be confiscated：应当予以没收（3）the provisions herein：the provisions in this Decision 本决定规定（4）illegal gains to be confiscated：被没收违法所得（5）a fine imposed on：判处罚金（6）property forfeited：没收财产（7）a civil compensation assumed by：承担民事赔偿责任参考译文：
犯本决定规定之罪有违法所得的，应当予以没收。
犯本决定规定之罪，
被没收违法所得、判处罚金、没收财产、承担民事责任的，
其财产不足以支付时，先承担民事赔偿责任。
例5
The terms “FOB”, “CFR” or “CIF” shall
be subject to the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms” (INCOTERMS, 2000) provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
注释：（1）（1）“FOB”（free on board）(…Named port of shipment)：船上交货（…<指定装运港>）（2）（2）“CFR”（Cost and Freight）(…Named port of destination)：成本加运费（…<指定目的港>）（3）（3）“CIF”（Cost, Insurance and Freight）(…Named port of destination)：成本、保险费加运费（……<指定目的港>）（4）（4）the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms” (INCOTERMS, 2000)：《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS）2000》
参考译文：
除非本合同另有规定，
“FOB”、“CFR”和“CIF”
均应依照国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS）2000》办理。
例6
Unless otherwise expressly provided for herein,
if all disputes, controversies or differences arising out of or in relation to the execution of this Agreement between the Parties hereto, or any breach or default of the provisions hereof (including but not limited to, a dispute concerning the existence or continued existence of this Agreement, and the validity of the Arbitration Clause)
fail to be settled amicably,
the disputes, controversies or differences in question shall be submitted for arbitration.
注释：（1）unless otherwise expressly provided for herein：除非另有明确表示herein：in this Agreement （2）dispute：争议（3）controversy：纠纷（4）difference：歧意（5）the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Agreement 本协议双方（6）any breach or default of the provisions hereof：任何违约及过失（7）including but not limited to：包括，但不限于（8）the validity of the Arbitration Clause：仲裁条款有效性arbitration clause 仲裁条款参考译文：
除非另有明确表示，
则由于执行本协议所引发或与本协议有关的协议双方的所有争议、纠纷或歧意，以及任何违约及过失（包括，但不限于有关本协议存续的争议，仲裁条款有效性的争议），
如不能以友好协商的方式解决，
则提交仲裁。
例7
The Agent shall,
pursuant to the conditions and provisions specified herein,
on the Disbursement Date,
credit the funds received to such account as is specified by the Borrower under Sub-Clause 2.2 of this Contract.
注释：（1）the Agent：correspondent bank 代理行（2）pursuant to the conditions and provisions specified herein：按照本合同规定的条件herein：in this Contract （3）on the Disbursement Date：在付款日（4）credit the funds received：贷记入所收资金（5）the Borrower：借款人
参考译文：
代理行应
按照本合同规定的条件，
在付款日
将所收资金贷记入借款人根据2.2款指定的帐户。
例8
shall be cumulative
and shall not be exclusive of any other rights, powers, privileges or remedies provided for by laws.
注释：（1）cumulative：累加的（2）shall not be exclusive of：并不排除（3）privilege：特权（4）remedy：补救方法（5）provided for by laws：法律规定的
参考译文：
本合同规定的各项权利
是累加的，
并不排除法律规定的其它权利、权力、特权或补救方法。
例9
Now Therefore,
under the consideration of the mutual promises made by the Parties to this Agreement,
the Parties hereto agree the contents herein as follows:
注释：（1）Now Therefore：据此（2）the consideration：对价。对价是对一项允诺（promise）的回报。例如，甲方允诺向乙方提供若干数量的货物，乙方同意付给甲方一定数目的货款，该货款便构成甲方允诺的对价。在经过要约（offer）与承诺（acceptance）的基础上，只有那些拥有对价的允诺才被认作合同，得到法律的保护和执行。（3）the contents herein：本协议内容herein：in this Agreement
参考译文：
据此，
以本协议双方相互承诺为对价，
就下述内容达成一致：
例10
The Borrower shall, under this Agreement and the Note,
fulfill the obligations of making all payments.
All the reimbursements to the Bank
shall be free and clear of any other charges and exempt from all taxes
and such reimbursements as are received by the Bank will not be subject to taxes.
The Borrower shall, under this Agreement, pay all taxes as provided for herein.
注释：（1）the obligations of making all payments：支付义务（2）reimbursement：偿付（3）be free and clear of any other charges：不附带其它费用（4）exempt from all taxes：是免税的（5）pay all taxes as provided for herein：承担全部本协议规定的税务herein：in this Agreement
参考译文：
借款人应按照本协议和票据
完成所有支付义务。
向银行的偿付
应是不附带其它费用并且是免税的，
而且银行所收到的偿付款项不含任何税务。
借款人应按本协议
承担全部本协议规定的税务。
五hereinafter 英文释义:later in the same Contract 中文译词:以下,在下文语法:一般与referred to as, called等词组连用，以避免重复，置于这些词组前面，与之紧邻。
例1：
In accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures
and the Contract signed by and between Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B),
the articles of association hereby is formulated and prepared.
注释：（1）in accordance with：under 根据（2）Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures：中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法（3）Hereinafter：以下（4）articles of association：合营公司章程（条款）（5）hereby：特此（6）formulate：prepare 制订
参考译文：
根据《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》
以及由公司（以下称甲方）与公司（以下称乙方）所订的合资经营的合同，
特制订本公司章程。
例2
Financial institutions with foreign capital mentioned in these Regulations refer to
the following financial institutions that are established and operate in China upon approval
in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China:
(1)subsidiary banks incorporated by foreign capital whose head offices are in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign banks);
(2)branches of foreign bank in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign bank branches);
(3)banks incorporated jointly by foreign and Chinese financial institutions (hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture banks);
(4)finance companies incorporated by foreign capital whose head offices are in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign finance companies); and
(5) finance companies incorporated jointly by foreign and Chinese financial institutions (hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture finance companies).
注释：(1) financial institution：金融机构(2) subsidiary banks incorporated by foreign capital whose head offices are in China：总行在中国境内的外国资本银行。在中译英时，这里的“外国资本银行”，应理解成“外资银行的子银行”，英文为subsidiary banks，而不能简单地译成foreign banks，因为很少有一家外国银行把自己的总部搬到国外，但在境外设立子银行、子公司是经常的。(3) hereinafter referred to as foreign banks：以下简称外资银行。(4) hereinafter referred to as foreign bank branches：以下简称外资银行分行。(5) finance company：财务公司，这里应理解为金融公司，是指在商业银行以外的专门从事抵押放款业务的金融企业。如果中文为会计事务所，则要译成：accounting firm (6) hereinafter referred to as foreign finance companies：以下简称外资财务公司(7) hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture finance companies：以下简称合资财务公司
参考译文：
本条例所称外资金融机构，是指
依照中华人民共和国有关法律、法规的规定，
经批准在中国境内设立和营业的下列金融机构：
（一）总行在中国境内的外国资本银行（以下简称外资银行）
（二）外国银行在中国境内的分行（以下简称外资银行分行）
（三）外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经营的银行（以下简称合资银行）
（四）总公司在中国境内的外国资本的财务公司（以下简称外资财务公司）
（五）外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经营的财务公司（以下简称合资财务公司）
例3
When existing Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures, Chinese-foreign cooperative joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned enterprises (hereinafter referred to as “enterprises with foreign investment”)
apply to reorganize themselves into a company,
the enterprises with foreign investment shall have a record of making profits for the recent three consecutive years. 注释：(1) existing Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures：已设立的中外合资经营企业，即现有的中外合资经营企业(2) Chinese-foreign cooperative joint venture：中外合作经营企业(3) wholly foreign-owned enterprises：外资企业(4) hereinafter referred to as “enterprises with foreign investment”：以下简称外商投资企业(5) shall have a record of making profits：应有盈利纪录
参考译文：
已设立的中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业，外资企业（以下称为外商投资企业），
如申请转变为公司的，
应有最近连续3年的盈利纪录。
例4
To apply for the establishment of an investment company, the investor shall submit the following documents
to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as MOFTEC) for examination and approval
after the examination and consent obtained from the foreign trade and economic cooperation authorities
of the related province, autonomous region, municipalities directly under the Central Government or the municipalities specifically (separately) listed in the State Economic Plan
in which the investment company is to be located.
注释：（1）the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as MOFTEC)：对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）（2）the foreign trade and economic cooperation authorities：外经贸部门（3）municipalities directly under the Central Government：直辖市（4）the municipalities specifically (separately) listed in the State Economic Plan：计划单列市
参考译文：
申请设立投资公司，投资者应将下列文件
经拟设立投资公司所在地的
省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市
外经贸部门审核同意后，
报对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）审查批准。
例5 These Regulations are formulated and prepared
in accordance with the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Company Law)
in order to affirm the qualifications of enterprise legal persons of companies and standardize the registration
activities of companies.
注释：（1）these Regulations are formulated and prepared：制定本条例prepare：制定（2）the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China：《中华人民共和国公司法》（3）hereinafter referred to as the Company Law：以下简称《公司法》（4）to affirm the qualifications of enterprise legal persons of companies：确认公司的企业法人资格（5）standardize the registration activities of companies：规范公司登记行为
参考译文：
为了确认公司的企业法人资格，规范公司登记行为，
依据《中华人民共和国公司法》（以下简称《公司法》），
制定本条例。
例6
In order to further expand international economic co-operation and technological exchange, to absorb foreign investment and to promote the development of socialist market economy,
foreign companies, enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals (hereinafter referred to as foreign shareholders)
and Chinese companies, enterprises and other economic organizations (hereinafter referred to as Chinese shareholders)
may, within the territory of China,
on the principle of equality and mutual benefit,
incorporate themselves into a company limited by shares with foreign investment (hereinafter referred to as the Company).
注释：（1）to further expand international economic co-operation and technological exchange：进一步扩大国际经济合作和技术交流（2）to absorb foreign investment：引进外资（3）to promote the development of socialist market economy：促进社会主义市场经济的发展（4）hereinafter referred to as foreign shareholders：以下简称外国股东foreign shareholders：外国股东（5）hereinafter referred to as Chinese shareholders：以下简称中国股东（6）within the territory of China：在中国境内（7）a company limited by shares with foreign investment：外商投资股份有限公司
参考译文：为进一步扩大国际经济合作和技术交流，引进外资，促进社会主义市场经济的发展，
外国的公司、企业和其他经济组织或个人（以下简称外国股东），
按照平等互利的原则，
可与中国的公司、企业或其他经济组织（以下简称中国股东）
在中国境内
共同举办外商投资股份有限公司（以下简称公司）。
例7
In order to promote foreign investment in China and to introduce foreign advanced technology and managerial expertise,
foreign investors are permitted
to establish investment companies (hereinafter referred to as “investment company”) in China
in accordance with the Chinese laws and regulations governing foreign investment and these Regulations.
注释：（1）to introduce foreign advanced technology and managerial expertise：引进国外先进技术和管理经验（2）to establish investment company：设立投资公司（3）hereinafter referred to as “investment company”：以下简称投资公司（4）the Chinese laws and regulations governing foreign investment：中国有关外国投资的法律、法规
参考译文：
为了促进外国投资者来华投资，引进国外先进技术和管理经验，
允许外国投资者
根据中国有关外国投资的法律、法规及本规定，
在中国设立投资公司（以下简称投资公司）。
例8
These Detailed Rules shall apply to
the resident representative offices set up within the territory of the Peop le’s Republic of China
by foreign traders, manufacturers, shipping agents, contractors, consultant companies, advertising agencies, investment companies, leasing companies and other economic entities (hereinafter called “foreign enterprises”).
注释：（1）these Detailed Rules：本实施细则（2）apply （to）：vi. 适用于More Examples：The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. /That applies to at least nine-tenths of the people we see about. /That argument does not apply in this case. /The comment applies equally here. （3）the resident representative offices：常驻代表机构（4）shipping agents：货运代理商（5）consultant company：咨询公司（6）advertising agency：广告公司（7）leasing company：租赁公司（8）hereinafter called “foreign enterprises”：以下简称外国企业
参考译文：
本实施细则适用于
外国贸易商、制造厂商、货运代理商、承包商、咨询公司、广告公司、投资公司、租赁公司和其他经济贸易组织（以下简称外国企业）
在中华人民共和国境内设立的常驻代表机构。
例9
A foreign enterprise applying for the establishment of its resident representative office in the territory of the People’s Republic of China
shall, upon approval and consent by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation
or its authorized Commissions for Foreign Trade and Economic Relations (hereinafter called the “Examination-Approval Authorities) of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and the municipalities specifically (separately) listed in the State Economic Plan,
register with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce
or its authorized Administrations for Industry and Commerce (hereinafter called the “registration authorities) of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and the municipalities specifically (separately) listed in the State Economic Plan.
注释：（1）its authorized Commissions for Foreign Trade and Economic Relations：其授权的对外经济贸易委员会（2）hereinafter called the “Examination-Approval Authorities：以下简称审批机关Examination-Approval Authorities：审批机关（3）register with：办理登记手续（4）the State Administration for Industry and Commerce：国家工商行政管理局（5）its authorized Administrations for Industry and Commerce：其授权的（各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市）工商行政管理局
参考译文：
外国企业申请在中华人民共和国境内成立常设代表机构，
应经对外贸易经济合作部
或其授权的各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市对外经济贸易委员会（厅）（以下简称审批机关）批准，
并在中华人民共和国国家工商行政管理局
或其授权的各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市工商行政管理局（以下简称登记机关）办理登记手续。
1.Sales Agreement The agreement, (is) made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China (hereinafter called “Seller”) and International Tradi ng Co., Ltd., a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”). 2.WITNESSETH WHEREAS, Seller is engaged in dealing of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, and WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers, Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows: 3.Export Contract This Contract is entered into this 5th day of August 1993 between ABC and Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and condition. 4.Non-Governmental Trading Agreement No. ＿＿This Agreement was made on the＿day of＿19＿, BETWEEN ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Seller) as the one Side and ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer) as the one other Side. WHEREAS, the Seller has agreed to sell and the buyer has agreed to buy ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Goods ) the quantity, specification, and price of which are provided in Schedule A. IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS: 5.Contract For Joint-Operation Enterprise ＿＿ COMPANY LTD., a company duly organized under the Law of ＿＿ and having its registered office at (hereinafter called “Party A”) AND ＿＿ COMPANY LTD., a company duly organized under the Law of ＿＿ and having its registere d office at (hereinafter called “Party B”) Party A and Party B (hereinafter referred to as the “Parties”) agree to jointly form a Co-operation Venture Company (hereinafter referred to as the “CVC”) in accordance with “the Laws of the People’s Republic of C hina on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and the “Regulations for the Implementation of the Laws of the People’s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and other applicable laws and regulations. 6.MODEL CONTRACT Contract No. Date: Seller: Signed at: Address: Cable Address: Buyer: Address: Cable Address: The Seller and the Buyer have agreed to conclude the following transactions according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: http://biz.doczj.com/doc/127022421.html, of Commodity: 2.Specifications: 3.Quantity: 4.Unit Price: 5.Total Price: U.S.$: 6.Packing: 7.Time of Shipment: days after receipt of L/C. 8.Loading Port & Destination Port: From via to . 9.Insurance:
感谢网友资源。本档特以解析，对照译文逐句拆分，以馈学友。 一.英文释义, 中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语； 在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： . 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证 在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式 向承包人支付 合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项, 以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1): 特此 (2): v. a 立约,签订合同、条约; n. 具有法律约束的正式合同(3) : 工程的竣工 (4): 在本工程中 (5) : 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6): 关系代词,相当于, (7): 根据,按照 (8) : 合同条款例 2： , . 注释：（1）：特此 （2）：据我们所知 （3）：上述声明 （4）：, 在声明中 （5）：证明文件 参考译文： 特此证明， 据我们所知， 上述声明内容真实，正确无误， 并提供了全部现有的资料和数据， 我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。 例3：
. ( A) . ( B) (), (), , . 注释：（1）：特此 （2）A：以下称甲方 （3）：在平等互利基础上 （4）：通过友好协商 参考译文： 本合同双方，公司（以下称甲方）与公司（以下称乙方）， 在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商， 于年月日在中国（地点）， 特签订本合同。 例4： (), . ( A) . ( B). 注释：（1）：特此订立本协议在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词：(, ) , 按照同义词连用的写作特点，可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示）。 （2）B：以下简称乙方 参考译文： 本协议特由中国公司（以下简称甲方）与公司（以下简称乙方） 于年月日订立。 二 英文释义: 中文译词:关于此点；在本文件中 用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”时，使用该词。例如表示本合同条件、条款时，可以说“ , ”，这里表示“”；又如表示本工程的任何部分，可用“”，这里表示“”。 语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。 和的区别：强调“”。例如，上面的“ , ”中的表示；“”中的表示。 例1 , , , , ( ), , . 注释： （1）：不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，… ：不论……是否 （2）：货方
汉译英 1.卖方将尽力在交货期内包装好所有货物。 The seller will endeavor to complete all packaging within time for the delivery date. 2.买方承担在货物运输和销售中的成本和费用。32 The buyer is responsible for the costs and charges incurred in the sale and transport of the goods. 3.卖方将一次性发送货物。到交货地的运输方式将由卖方决定。33 The seller will deliver the goods in a single shipment. The mode of transport to the point of delivery is at the seller’s discretion. 4.卖方应尽一切努力启运货物以便能及时交货。 The seller will make every effort to commence transport of the goods so that they will arrive by the delivery date. 5.如果推迟交货，卖方应立即告知买方推迟交货，预定的交货期和耽搁的理由。 If there is any delay, the seller will immediately notify the buyer of the delay, the expected time for delivery, and the reason for the delay. 买方有权就新的交货日期与卖方进行重新磋商，双方将以书面形式在协议上写下所做出的修改。或者，买方有权通知卖方终止合同。 The buyer will then have the option to renegotiate with the seller for a new delivery date, which the parties will confirm in writing as a modification to this agreement, or to notify the seller that the agreement is terminated. 6.为了自己的利益，买方将为运输中的货物投保。34 The buyer will obtain and pay, on its own account, for all insurance on the goods while in transit. 7.在货物运输前，保险人将把保险证明，如保单或由保险人所出具的其他证明交给买方。 Evidence of this insurance, in the form of a copy of the policy or other statement provided by the insurer, will be provided to the buyer before the goods are shipped. 8.买卖双方为自己的利益为货物所投保的险种将由其自行负担费用。 Each party is responsible for obtaining on its own account any other insurance coverage for the goods that he may desire. 9.如果买方已向卖方付款，在货物到达纽约港时货物的所有权将转移至买方。 Title to the goods will pass to the buyer at the time the goods are delivered to New York port provided the buyer has transmitted payment to the seller by that time. 10.如果延迟装运是由于买方无法及时提供此类证据，在这种情况下，卖方不违约。 If shipment is delayed because the buyer fails to furnish such proof timely, the seller will not be deemed to have breached the contract. 11.买方同意货物被运送到美国，并同意货物不会被运往其它国家。买方也不会在货物到达美国后再出口。 The buyer covenants that the goods will be shipped to and delivered in US and that the buyer will not ship or deliver the goods to any other country, nor will the buyer re-export the goods after delivery in US. 12.买方有权在卖方的营业地检验或让其代理人检验货物。36 The buyer is entitled to inspect, or to have its agent inspect, the goods at the seller’s place of business. 13.在交货后90天内，卖方可免费为买方换任何有瑕疵的货物，由此所产生的运输费用由卖方承担。 Within 90 days after delivery, the seller will replace free of charges, including the cost of transportations, any part of the goods found defective. 14.卖方应补偿买方任何由此类诉讼所承担的责任、支付的赔偿、花费及诉讼费用。37 The seller will indemnify the buyer against any liability, damage, or expenses incurred in connection with any such suit and will pay any judgment entered against the buyer in such suit. 15.这一协议的生效条件是：买方获得美国政府部门签发的进口许可证,卖方获得中国政府部门签发的出口许可证。38 This agreement is subject to the issuance of an import license to the buyer by the appropriate agency of US government and the issuance of an export license to the seller by the appropriate agency of China government. 16.如果任何一方通知另一方不想或不能履行协议，收到通知的一方有权撤销协议。 If either party notifies the other party that it will not, or is unable to, perform this agreement the party receiving notices is entitled to cancel the agreement. 17.为了使撤销有效，撤销的一方应通知另一方协议已撤销。撤销的日期是收到不履行协议通知的日期。 To make the cancellation effective, the party seeking to cancel must give notice to the other party that the agreement is deemed canceled. The date of the cancellation will be the date on which the party receives the notice of the nonperformance.
1)这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显现。 It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself. 2)凭窗站了一会，微微的觉得凉意侵入。转过身来，忽然眼花缭乱，屋子里的别的东 西，都隐在光云里；…… Standing at the window for a while, I felt a bit chilly. As I turned round, my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly. Everything in the room was blurred by a haze of light. 3)这架收音机该有多大的重量啊！它载着解放区人民的心，载着全中国人民的希望， 载着我们国家的命运。 What a heavy load this aerorplane bore! It carried the hearts of the people of the liberated areas,the hopes of the entire Chinese people,and the destiny of our country. 4)看着信，林震不禁独自笑起来了，他拿起笔把“中于”改成“终于”，准备在回信 时告诉他们下次要避免别字。 Reading the letter, Lin couldn’t help smiling to himself. He changed “rite” to “right” thinking that he should tell them to be more careful with their spelling next time they wrote. 5)人无千日好，花无百日红。 Man cannot be always fortunate;flowers don’t last forever. 6)除了我这间房，大院里还有二十多间房呢。一共住着多少家子，谁说得清？住两间 房的就不多，又搭上今儿个搬来，明儿个又搬走。我没那么好的记性。大家见面，招呼声“吃了吗？”透着和气。 Besides the room I occupy, there are more than twenty rooms in the same compound. How many families are living there?Only Gold knows. Few of them occupy two rooms. Besides, they are always on the go. Some move in today and others move out tomorrow. I haven’t got such a good memory as to remember all of them. When people meet, they pass the time of the day with each other, just to show their neighbor feelings.
Labor Contract No. 乙方（劳动者）姓名：性别：民族：文化程度： Party B (laborer) Name: Gender: Nationality: Education degree: 户籍所在地：省县乡（镇）村组 Hukou: __________(provision) __________(county) ________township (town)___village _______group 乙方身份证号码：□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□ ID No. of Party B: □□□□□□□□□□□□□□ □□□□ 乙方通讯地址： Correspondence address of Party B: 为确立双方的劳动关系，明确双方的权利和义务，甲乙双方根据《劳动法》、《劳动合同法》等法律、法规、规章的规定，经双方平等协商，自愿同意签订本劳动合同，并共同遵守本合同所列条款： To establish the labor relationship between the parties and clarify the rights and obligations of the parties, Party A and Party B hereby enter into the labor contract pursuant to the rules of the law, regulatory rules and rules and regulations of the Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law through the equal and voluntariness consultations with the following terms and conditions for the parties to mutually abide by: 一、合同期限 I. Contract term 1、本合同为固定期限劳动合同，合同期限为年(自200 年月日起至20 年月日止)，其中试用期为个月(自年月日起至年月日止)。
常见英文合同翻译与详解
引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。 合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。 语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and co mpletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other s um as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manne r prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此 (2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 例2： We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correc t and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provi de documentary proof upon your request. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件 参考译文： 特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，
常见的合同通用条款 GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT DATED日期 CONTRACT NAME合同名称 by and between合同双方 PARTY A NAME PARTY A甲方名称 and与 PARTY B NAME PARTY B乙方名称 TABLE OF CONTENT PRELIMINARY STATEMENT前言 1. DEFINITIONS定义 2. [OPERATIVE CLAUSES] 具体操作条款 3. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT如有必要，根据交易具体情况设定相应先决条件 4. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES 陈述和担保［保证］ 5. TERM合同期限 6. TERMINATION合同终止 7. CONFIDENTIALITY保密义务
8. BREACH OF CONTRACT违约 9. FORCE MAJEURE不可抗力 10. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES争议的解决 11. APPLICABLE LAW 适用法律 12. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS其他规定 THIS CONTRACT(“Contract”)is made in [city and province], China on this day of ,200 by and between [Party A name],[Party A entity form] established and existing under the laws of China, with its legal address at [address] (hereinafter referred to as “Party A”), and [Party B name], [Party B entity form] organized and existing under the laws of [Party Bjurisdiction of incoporation] with its legal address at [address] (hereinafter referred to as “Party B”). Party A and Party B shall hereinafter be referred to individually as a “Party ” and collectively as the “Parties”. 本合同于年月日由以下两方在［地点］签订： ［甲方名称］，一家根据中华人民共和国法律组建及存续的［甲方组织形式］，法定地址为［甲方法定地址］（以下简称“甲方”）： ［乙方名称］，一家根据［乙方所在国］法律组建及存续的［乙方组织形式］，法定地址为［乙方法定地址］（以下简称“乙方”）。 甲乙双方以下单独称为“一方”，合称为“双方”。 PRELIMINARY STATEMENT 前言 [add background information if appropriate]［视交易具体情况决定是否应介绍合同背景］ After friendly consultations conducted in accordance with the principles of equality and mutual benefit, the Parties have agreed to [describe subject matter of the Contract] in accordance with Applicable laws and the provisions of this Contract. 双方本着平等互利的原则，经友好协商，依照［相关法律名称］以及其他有关法律，同意按
商务合同英译的注意事项(实例版) 前言 英译商务合同貌似简单，实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，重在记实，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。 本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例，从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。 一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词 商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。 实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由here、there、where等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如：从此以后、今后：hereafter；此后、以后：thereafter；在其上：thereonthereupon；在其下：thereunder；对于这个：hereto；对于那个：whereto；在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore；在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow；在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore；在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter．现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。 例1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。 This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder. 例2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。 The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China. 二、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语 英译商务合同时，常常由于选同不当而寻致词不达意或者意思模棱两可，有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的，是提高英译质量的关键因素之一，现把常用且易混淆的七对词语，用典型实例论述如下。 2.1 shipping advice与shipping instruction sshipping advice是“装运通知”，是由出口商(卖主)发给进口商(买主)的。然而shipping instructions则是“装运须知”，是进口商(买主)发给出口商(卖主)的。另外要注意区分 vendor(卖主)与vendee(买主)，consignor(发货人)与consignee(收货人)。上述这三对词语在英译时、极易发生笔误。 2.2abide by与comply with
合同翻译常用句型和词汇 1. 详细货物清单Detail supply list 2. 合同价格Con tract value 序号item 型号model 尺寸size, dime nsion 数 量amount, unit 单价un it price 总价total price 备注remark 货物，运费freight, tran sportatio n 合同总额(含安装费与税金) Con tract amount in cl. VAT & in stallatio n 3. 付款条件payme nt con diti ons, payme nt terms 4. 交货地点delivery place 5. 发货期delivery time
6. 安装条款installation clause 7. 验收条款inspection clause 8. 保证条款guarantee clause 9. 不可抗拒条款Force Majeure Clause 10. 违约条款Breach clause 11. 其他条款Miscellaneous clause 12. 买卖双方信息buyer and seller information a long-term contract 长期合同a short-term contract 短期合同completion of contract 完成合同contract for future delivery 期货合同contract for goods 订货合同contract for purchase 采购合同contract for service 劳务合同labor contract 劳动合同contract note 买卖合同（证书），买卖契约contract of arbitration 仲裁合同 con tract of carriage /Carriage Con tract 运输合同Passe nger Carriage Con trac客运合同Cargo Carriage Contract 货运合同 Technology Contract 技术合同 Tech no logy Developme nt Con tract 技术开发合同 Tech no logy Transfer Con tract技术转让合同 Tech nical Co nsulti ng Con tract技术咨询合同 Tech nical Service Con tract技术服务合同 Safekeep ing Con tract保管合同 Warehous ing Con tract 仓储合同 Age ncy Appo in tme nt Con tract 委托合同
1.Sales Agreement The agreement, (is) made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China (hereinafter called “Seller”) and International Trading Co., Ltd., a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”). 2.WITNESSETH WHEREAS, Seller is engaged in dealing of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, and WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers, Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows: 3.Export Contract th This Contract is entered into this 5 day of August 1993 between ABC and Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and condition. 4.Non-Governmental Trading Agreement No. ＿＿ This Agreement was made on the＿day of＿ 19＿, BETWEEN ＿(hereinafter referred to as the Seller) as the one Side and ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer) as the one other Side. WHEREAS, the
编号：_______________本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载 合作协议(中英文翻译) 甲方：___________________ 乙方：___________________ 日期：___________________ 说明：本合同资料适用于约定双方经过谈判、协商而共同承认、共同遵守的责任与 义务，同时阐述确定的时间内达成约定的承诺结果。文档可直接下载或修改，使用 时请详细阅读内容。
Technical Cooperation Agreement 甲方：XX油脂化学有限公司 Party A: XX Grease Chemical Co. , Ltd. 地址：XX高新技术工业园 Address: XXHigh-tech Industrial Park 法定代表人：XXX Legal Representative: XXX 乙方： Party B: 地址： Address: 本协议合作双方就组建技术研发团队事项，经过平等协商，在真实、充分地 表达各自意愿互惠互利的基础上，根据《中华人民共和国合同法》的规定，达成如下协议，并由合作各方共同恪守。 This Agreement, concerning the setting up of a technical research and development team, is made according to the Contract Law of PRC regulations and entered into through equal negotiation by both Parties as the free and full expression of their own wishes to mutual benefits, and to this end both Parties shall abide by this Agreement as following. 第一条、甲方同意雇用乙方为新产品研发技术顾问。乙方同意为甲方提供技术顾问服务。 Article 1: Party A hereby agrees to employ party B as the technical consultant for the new product research and development. Party B hereby agrees to offer technical consultation service to Part A. 第二条、甲方同意每月支付乙方的研究费用，包括：薪资、办公费、检测费、差旅费以及其他相关费用。 Article 2: Party A hereby agrees to pay Party B for the research each month, including salaries, administrative expenses,detection cost, traveling expenses and other cost associated. 第三条、乙方有责任为甲方提供相关国内外技术及市场信息，并及时答复甲方技术上所遇到的问题。 Article 3 : Party B is responsible to provide relevant technical and market information home and abroad and is ready to answer any technical problem frequently asked by Party A. 第四条、乙方有义务向甲方提供有关个人简历和相关证明材料，甲方要尊重乙方个人隐私，有义务妥善保管相关材料。 Article 4: Party B shall has the obligation to provide Party A with any relevant personal resume and reference documents as necessary.Party A shall respect the personal privacy of Party B and has the obligation to properly keep those materials. 第五条、乙方同意所研发的产品所有知识产权归甲方所有，乙方不得将相关技术信息泄露给任何第三方，否则需要承担一切法律后果。
商务合同英译的注意事项（实例版） 、尸■、亠 前言 英译商务合同貌似简单，实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，重在记实，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。 本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例，从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。 一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词 商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。 实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由here、there、where 等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如：从此以后、今后：hereafter; 此后、以后：thereafter ;在其上：there on thereup on ; 在其下：thereunder; 对于这个：hereto; 对于那个：whereto ;在上文： here in abovehere in before ;在下文：herei nafterherei nbelow ;在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore ;在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter.现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。 例1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。 This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer andthe Builder. 例2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。 The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is moreappropriate are made in China. 二、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语