Unit One Text A Introduction to Physiologybuilding block connective tissue epithelial tissue anabolism catabolism deoxyribonucleic acid glucoseglycogengonad homeostasismatrixnitrogenosmolality osmoreceptor potassiumtracheabronchi plasma membrane blood clottingglial cellatriaventricle cardiovascular system respiratory system gastrointestinal tract urinary tract reproductive system endocrinefecesglucagongangliaembryobody fluidfertilized egg课文中句子（英译汉）:1. It is concerned with how an organism performs its varied activities; how it feeds, how it adapts to changing circumstances, how it spawns new generations.2. Although some processes are similar across the whole spectrum of biology-the replication of the genetic code for example-many are specific to particular groups of organisms.3. Although there have been many important physiological investigations on human volunteers, the need for precise control over the experimental conditions has meant that much of our present physiological knowledge has been derived from studies on other animals such as frogs, rabbits, cats, and dogs.4. The heart consists of four chambers, two atria and two ventricles, which form a pair of pumps arranged side by side. The right ventricles pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it absorbs oxygen from the air, while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood returning from the lungs to the rest of body to supply the tissues.5. The carbon dioxide produced by the respiratory activity of the tissues is carried to the lungs by the blood in the pulmonary artery where it is excreted in the expired air.6. This activity depends on electrical signals which, in turn, depend on the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in the extracellular and intracellular fluids. If there is an excess of potassium in the extracellular fluid, the cardiac muscle cells become too excitable and may contract at inappropriate times rather than in a coordinated manner.7. If the body tissues are being built up, as is the case for growing children, pregnant women and athletes in the early stages of training, the daily intake of protein is greater than the normal body turnover and the individual is in positive nitrogen balance.8. A negative feedback loop is a control system that act to maintain the level of some variables within a given range following a disturbance. A feedback loop requires a sensor of some kind that responds to the variable in question but not to other physiological variables. Thus an osmoreceptor should respond to changes in osmolality of the body fluids but not to changes in body temperature or blood pressure.9. The body is actually a social order of about 100 trillion cells organized into different functional structure, someof which are called organs. Each functional structure contributes its share to the maintenance of homeostasis conditions in the extracellular fluid, which is called the internal environment. As long as normal conditions are maintained in this internal environment, the cells of the body continue to live and function properly.课后汉译英：1.我们每天摄入的食物必须满足需要，任何多余的东西必须排出体外才能维持平衡。

2.人类细胞有将大分子分解成小分子的能力，从而为自身活动释放足够的能量。

Unit Three Text B The other side of antibioticspersonal experience ointmentmumpsmeaslesfungichemotherapy antimicrobial agent staphylococcus erythromycin bactericidal agent bacteriostatic agent para-aminosalicylic acid isoniazidaseptic measure prevalence anaphylactic reaction tetracycline chloramphenicol mastitis precautiondiarrheaanalcross-infectionsuper-infection streptomycin complications tuberculosislong-range valuecure-allsnarrow-spectrumbroad-spectrumcurrently available medicine antibioticsanaphylactic reaction acquired resistanceallergydosage form课文句子：1.Antibiotics have eliminated or controlled so many infectious diseases that virtually everyone has benefited from their use at one time or another. Even without such personal experience, however, one would have to be isolated indeed to be unaware of the virtues, real and speculative, of these “miracle” drugs. The American press, radio and television have done a good job of reporting the truly remarkable story of successes in the chemical war on germs.2. Anaphylactic reaction happens less frequently and is less severe when the antibiotics is given by mouth. It is most apt to occur in people with a history of allergy, or a record of sensitivity to penicillin. Other untoward reactions to antibiotics are gastrointestinal disorders—such as sore mouth, cramps, diarrhea or anal itch—which occur most frequently after use of the tetracycline group but have also been encountered after use of penicillin and streptomycin. These reactions may result from suppression by the antibiotic of bacteria normally found in the gastrointestinal tract. With their competition removed, antibiotic-resistant staphylococci or fungi, which also are normally present, are free to flourish and cause what is called a super-infection. Such infection can be extremely difficult to cure.课后汉译英：2.制药工业在探索和开发新药的同时还要对抗现有抗生素不断增长的微生物耐药性，这将是一条漫长的道路。