农业植物病理学试卷农业植物病理学试卷（一）一、单项选择题1．Wheat stripe rust caused by ( ).A. Puccinia striiformisB. Puccinia reconditaC. Puccinia graminisD. Uromyces appendiculatu s2. Gaeumannomyces graminis is the pathogen of ( ).A. wheat leaf blightB. wheat sharp eyespotC. wheat take-allD. wheat root rot3. Northern leaf blight of maize caused by ( ).A. Exserohilum turcicumB. Bipolaris maydisC. Cercospora maydisD. Curvularia lunata4. Pear scab in China was cause byA. Venturia nashicolaB. Venturia pirinaC. Venturia inaequalisD. Spilocaea pomi5. Late blight disease of potato, the most devastating disease of potatoes in the world, caused by ( ).A .Phytophthora infestans B. Phytophthora capsiciC. Phytophthora melonisD. Phytophthora parasitica6. The pathogen of cucumber downy mildew is ( ).A. Peronospora parasiticaB. Peronospora manschuricaC. Pseudoperonospora cubensi sD. Plasmopara viticola7. Kiwi bacterial canker could infect many parts of plant but not ( ).A.vineB. leafC. flowerD. root8. TMV can attack a wide range of plants, but it can’t infect ( ).A. tomatoB. eggplantC. cucumberD. spinach9. Rice blast caused by ( ).A Xanthomonas oryzaeB Pyricularia griseaC Bipolaris oryzaeD Rhizoctonia solani10. Tomato ( ) is caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea.A. leaf moldB. gray moldC. early blightD. late blight11. 桃缩叶病在春末夏初叶片表面长出的一层灰白色粉状物，为病菌的（）。
A．夏孢子堆B．分生孢子堆 C．子囊层 D．菌丝层12. 水稻白叶枯病形成的病征是。
A．霉状物 B．粉状物 C．点状物D．脓状物1．A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.D二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1．Sweet potato black rot的中文名称，主要危害寄主的，但部位也可受害。
发病的主要时期在。
2．小麦黄矮病的发生流行除与品种的抗病性有关外，与的发生也密切相关，所以，防治该病时应考虑措施。
3．Rapeseed Sclerotinia stem rot的中文名称是，该病菌是在开花期以先侵染后，而后引起茎秆发病。
4．Millet downy mildew 的中文名称是，该病害在寄主的各个生育期和不同器官上显露不同的症状，因而获得不同的症状名称，请写出其中的三个，，。
5．Peach brown rot 的中文名称是，其主要危害。
6．梨锈病菌具有转主寄生特点，在整个生活中产生4种类型的孢子，其中和（）发生在柏类寄主上，和发生在梨树上。
7．Rice sheath blight 的中文名称是，该病菌主要以形式在土壤越冬。
答案1．甘薯黑疤（斑）病，薯块/root，地上/underground，贮藏期/in storage2．蚜虫/aphid，治蚜防病/control aphids3．油菜菌核病，花瓣/petal4．谷子白发病，灰背，白发，枪杆，看谷老，刺猬头（任意回答出3个均可）5．桃褐腐病，果实/fruit6．冬孢子/teliospore，担孢子/basidiospore，性孢子/pycnospore，锈孢子/aeciospore7．水稻纹枯病，菌核/sclerotia三、判断正误题（每小题1分，共10分）1．玉米大斑病菌分生孢子的脐点平截。
（ ×）2．植物霜霉病症状的共同特点是其病部均产生白色霜霉状物。
（ ×）3．马铃薯退化的主要原因是由于病毒侵染所致。
（√ ）4．土壤温湿度对园艺植物根结线虫病的发生影响较大。
（√ ）5．小麦纹枯病是靠气生菌丝在田间扩展。
（√）6．苹果树腐烂病病部枝干在潮湿情况下涌出桔黄色的卷须状物是冬孢子角。
（ ×）7．玉米瘤黑粉病为苗期侵染的系统性病害。
（ ×）8．小麦赤霉病有再侵染，但在病害流行上不重要。
（√ ）9．番茄叶霉病只危害叶片，不危害其他部位。
（ ×）10．十字花科蔬菜的软腐病和根肿病均是由细菌侵染所致。
（ ×）四、简答题（任选7题用英文或中文作答，每小题6分，共42分）1．从症状特点、发生时期及为害部位等方面区别水稻纹枯病和稻瘟病？答案要点：1.水稻纹枯病（1）症状特点：产生云纹状病斑，后期产生菌核；（1分）（2）为害部位：叶鞘；（1分）（3）发生时期：从苗期到穗期均可发生。
（1分）2. 稻瘟病（1）症状特点：形成的病斑有明显的褐色边缘，中央灰白色；（1分）（2）为害部位：叶片、叶枕、穗颈、谷粒；（1分）（3）发生时期：整个生育期均有发病。
（1分）2．What advice should you give to farmers if they found Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt in cotton field.答案要点：（1）Plant quarantine should be enhanced in the disease-free field.（1分）（2）Cultivating and planting disease-resistant varieties.（1分）（3）Crop rotation.（1分）（4）Strengthen the cultivation management.（1分）（5）Fungicide control.（1分）（6）Biological control.（1分）3．Please distinguish the differences of symptom between pear scab and apple scab.答案要点：Apple and pear scab can be observed on leaves, petioles, blossoms, sepals, fruit, pedicels, and less frequently, on young shoots and bud scales.（1）Lesions on leaves and petioles begin as round, brownish spots that eventually become velvety in appearance. Within these lesions conidia are produced. Later in the season, small spots can be observed on the lower surface of the leaves. These are usually the result of late spring or early summer infections.；（3分）（2）The first lesions are often found on the lower surfaces of leaves as they emerge and are exposed to infection in the spring. Later, as the leaves unfold, both surfaces are exposed and can become infected. Young lesions are velvety brown to olive green and have feathery, indistinct margins. With time, the margins become distinct, but they may be obscured if several lesions coalesce.（3分）4．Please summerize the control methods of cucumber downy mildew.答案要点：（1）Select disease-resistant varieties；（1分）（2）The control temperature and humidity in greenhouse；（2分）（3）Strengthen the cultivation management: inceasing CO2; application of foliage fertilizer；（2分）（4）Fungicide control.（1分）5．番茄常发的真菌性叶斑病有哪几种？简述其中两种病害的症状特点。
答案要点：（1）番茄常发的真菌性叶斑病有晚疫病、早疫病、叶霉病和灰霉病。
（2分）（2）任意答出一种病害的症状特点2分，至少答出两种病害的特点。
（4分）6．Please analyse the conditions of disease development of wheat sacb.答案要点：（1）Climatic conditions: Rainfall, rainfall hour, relative humidity during flowering;（2分）（2）The amount of primary infection source；（2分）（3）Varietal resistance：the resistance are different among different of varieties.（2分）7．简述我国小麦条锈病大区流行规律。