unit 1 friendship词汇讲解1、survey n.调查，概述；v. 测量，检查；surveyor n. 测量员，检察员(1). make a survey of sth. 调查…(2). survey sth. 调查，评述，检查survey the equipment 检查设备Eg:a. A recent survey showed most of those questioned were for the plan.最近的民意测验显示大多数调查对象同意这项计划。
b. The governor surveyed the damage caused by the tsunami.州长查看了海啸引起的破坏情况。
2、add v. 增加，增添addition n. 附加物additional adj. 附加的add up sth 把……加起来add sth to sth 把……加到……add to sth = increase 增加了。
相当于increase 或raise.add up to 合计；总共add in 包括……;算进in addition to 除……之外e.g. He added some sugar to the coffee. 他给咖啡里加了些糖。
The bad weather added to our difficulty. 坏天气增加了我们的困难。
He added that he was satisfied with the talk. 它补充说他对会谈很满意。
e.g. Shall I add your name to the list? 我可以把你的名字写进名单吗？A new wing was added to the building. 这座大楼新添了一座边房。
point n. 要点，尖端，含义；v. 指出pointless adj. 无意义的，无益的(1). come to the point of 到了……地步to the point of 达到……的程度be on the point of doing 正要做……There is no point in …没必要/没意义做……boiling point 沸点. point at 指向……非善意地用手指某人point to指向……表示指针指向、证据表明、建筑物的朝向等e.g.The house points to the sea. 那所房子面向大海。
（3）. point out sth to sb. 向某人指出某事point out that…指出……point sth to/at sb. 把……对着某人e.g. a. The point is that you shouldn’t have to w ait so long to see a doctor.关键是看病不应等那么久。
b. He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand. 他指着那所房子原来所在的地方。
upset v. 使不安，打乱adj. 心烦意乱的(1). upset sb. 使某人不安upset the plan 搅乱了计划upset the cup 打翻了杯子It upsets sb that 让某人心烦的是……It upsets sb to do sth 做……使某人不快。
(2). be upset about 对……赶到心烦e.g.a. His strange behavior upset his father. 他的奇怪行径困扰着他父亲。
b. I understand how upset you must be feeling. 我理解你心里有多难受。
近义词辨析(1). upset 指由于某事的发生而心烦意乱。
(2). nervous 在做某事的过程中紧张害怕的感觉。
(3). anxious 因担心某事的发生或不发生而焦虑不安。
5、concern n. 担心，关心，关系；v. 涉及，有关concerned adj. 有关的；担心的(1). show/express concern about/ for 对……表示关心/担心have concern with 和……有关系with concern 关切地(2). concern oneself about/ for 担忧/关心……concern oneself with 从事，参与……concern sb./ sth 与……有关（3）.be concerned about/ over/for 关心；挂念as/so far as …be concerned 就……而言e.g. As far as I’m concerned, the sooner, the better. 就我而言，越快越好。
There is growing concern about violence on TV. 人们对电视上的暴力内容日见担忧。
Don’t be involved in what doesn’t concern you. 不要管那些与你无关的事。
cheat v. 欺骗,作弊n. 骗子, 作弊者cheat sb. (out) of sth 骗取某人某物cheat sb. into doing sth 骗某人做……cheat sb. into the belief that 骗某人相信catch sb. cheating in an exam 作弊被抓eg. He is accused of cheating the taxman. 他被控欺骗税务员.eg. The two cheats set up tow looms. 这两个骗子支起两架织布机.7、series n. 一系列,连续serial n. 连续剧, 连载小说a series of 一连串的, 一系列的a TV series 一部电视连续剧in series 连续,一系列地e.g. a series of accidents 一连串事故a series of articles 一系列文章There has been a series of accidents at the crossing.在那个十字路口曾经发生过一连串的事故.8 、nature n.大自然, 自然界，本性,性情，性质, 种类the law of nature 自然法则the balance of nature 生态平衡the beauty of nature 大自然之美human nature 人性by nature 天生地against nature 违反自然地in a state of nature 处于未开化的状态a man of gentle nature 性情温和的人be different in nature 性质不同it’s natural that = it’s natural for sb. to do sth 做……是当然的e.g. It’s natural that we should carry out the plan. = it ‘s natural for us to carry out the plan.这个计划是当然的.9、powder n. 能量,力量,权力powerful adj. 强有力的powerless adj. 无力的,无权的eg. Carry this luggage requires a lot of power. 搬运这件行李需要很大的力气.under one’s own power 凭借自身的力量have the power to do sth 具有……的能力beyond/ out of one’s power 力所不能及的suffer v. 遭受,忍受suffering n. 痛苦, 苦难sufferer n. 受难者, 患者suffer pain / loss / defeat / punishment / hardship 遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒suffer for sth. 为……而受苦eg. The city suffered serous damage from the earthquake. 城市因地震遭受严重破坏. purpose n. 目的,意图purposeful adj. 有目的的,故意的purposeless adj. 无目的的purposely adv. 特意地,故意地on purpose 故意地for the purpose of 为了……的目的with the purpose of 抱着……的目的one’s purpose in doing sth . 某人做……的目的eg. For what purpose did he go to Africa? 他去非洲的目的何在?advice n. 劝告,建议advise v. 建议adviser / advisor n. 建议者,顾问give / offer sb. some advice on 就……给某人提建议ask sb. for adcice 征求某人的意见follow / take one’s advice接受某人的建议on / upon one’s adcice 听某人的劝告advise sb. to do sth 建议某人做……advise sb. not to do sth = adcise sb. against doing sth 建议某人不要做……advise doing sth 建议做……advise that 建议……advise sb. on 向某人提…..建议eg. He gave us some advice on how to learn a foreign language.他就如何学习外语给我们提了一些建议.13、effort n. 努力effortless adj. 不费力的make an effort to do 努力做……= make every effort to do= make grat efforts to dowithout effort 毫不费力地eg. You should put more effort into your work. 你应该更加努力地工作.14、habit n. 习惯,习性develop / form the habit of = build up the habit of 养成……的习惯fall / get into the habit of 染上……的习惯be in the habit of = have the habit of 有……的习惯get sb. into the habit of 使某人养成…..的习惯get out of the habit of = give up the habit of = kick / break/ drop the habit of 戒除…….的习惯eg. You need to change your eating habits. 你需要改变饮食习惯.课文短语:go through 通过;经受; 仔细检查; 完成get through 完成, 通过look through 浏览The new law has gone through. 新的法律已经通过了.The teacher went through all the students’ homework. 老师将学生的作业仔细的检查了一遍.2. hide away 躲避,隐蔽eg. a. The thief hid away in the woods for a week.小偷在树林里隐藏了一周.set down 记下，放下,认为,归因于……set down (doing) sth 着手(做)某事set out to do sth. 着手做某事set off 动身,引爆set up 竖起,创设,开办注:表示” 记下, 写下” 时set down = put down = write down = get downeg. a. Set down his name and address. 记下他的名字和地址.b.He set down the book on the table . 他把书放在桌上.c. I set the man down as a soldier. 我以为那人是个士兵.d. I set down his bad temper to his health. 我认为他的坏脾气是由于身体的原因.4. do with 处理,与….. 有关have sth. to do with 与……有关have nothing to do with 与……无关have much / a lot of to do with 与……有很大关系What to do with his camelhow to deal with his cameldo without 没有……也行eg. If there’s none left we’ll have to do without. 如果没有剩余的我们就只得将就了。