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停车场管理系统设计与实现-外文翻译

附件1:外文资料翻译译文基于FPGA的停车场管理系统的设计与实现摘要由于汽车数量在快速的增加。

它造成污染(噪声和空气)交通挤塞的问题。

为了克服这个问题。

提出了基于FPGA 的停车系统。

在本文,停车场系统实现了利用有限状态机模型。

该系统具有两个主要模块即识别模块和检查模块的插槽,识别模块标识位访客,插槽检查模块检查有关插槽的状态,这些模块是在高密度脂蛋白中建模,在FPGA上实现。

结合传感器接口、步进电机、液晶屏的各种接口设计了一个原型的停车系统。

关键词︰有限状态机;停车场系统;容量-51.介绍车辆交通拥堵是一个世界性的问题。

近年来,已经全力在实现一种方法来减少拥堵、事故和灾害等停车问题。

图1:城市交通拥堵趋势如中所示图 1 拥塞显然逐年增加,它显示了一些问题。

图中表明拥塞需要花更长的时间才能到从工作中"尖峰时刻"。

停车场系统还可以利用创新技术提高付费停车方便和快捷。

现今,刷一下智能卡就可以实现付费功能,减少交易时间。

移动设备也可以用于支付交易。

公共地区需要停车系统,能够有效的运作,与其他城市公用地区相结合。

因为没有适当方式,所以分配车位的停车场管理系统在协调和集中管理中呈现了失败的效果。

为了避免这些问题,提出智能停车系统的设计,用基于FPGA 来检查某些功能块。

近年来,FPGA 的可重构是有效的方法来实现的设计,因为FPGA 提供通用处理器和ASIC 之间的协调。

基于FPGA 的设计也更灵活,可编程,可重新加载。

基于FPGA 的设计可以方便地修改软件部分。

2.相关工作宫俊燕等相关人士,提出一种新颖,安全,智能的停车系统(智能停车)主要是基于保护无线网络与传感器通信。

停车空间利用率高和免费、快速的现时间是提出研究的目的。

苏春、安康山等,提出了用停车系统中的驱动程序来了解在停车场的帮助下SMS 服务空间的可用性。

驱动程序可以发送短信实现请求新的空间,如果前一个被填满,驱动程序可以找到最近的空间停车使用基于无线移动的汽车停车系统。

结果,表明该系统有效地分配的插槽和充分利用停车空间。

安古普塔等,描述了阿克曼转向配置高效汽车停车算法。

该算法利用几何计算路径规划。

结果显示了一个快速、高效、安全的停车系统。

花春潭等,提出了用于大型停车场的高效停车搜索技术。

在这篇文章中,提出在道路附近的停车场安装摄像机和捕获关于汽车颜色和车牌识别的信息,并保存到数据库中。

谢刚等,提出了一个停车系统,消除了关于空档停车的问题。

作者使用无线技术来提高停车效率。

宫俊燕等,提出通知基于停车系统。

在这停车系统中,驱动程序可以查询及预订停车位,以及为安全目的加密/解密技术使用,仿真结果都是高效的。

InsopSo ng等提出基于FPGA 停车系统,采用模糊逻辑控制器(FLC),主要优点是计算时间大量减少了。

在这项研究工作中,模拟真实环境中使用VHDL代码测试机器人小车,并在基于FPGA 的基础上进行测试。

3.停车场管理系统停车系统的基本操作解释为︰当车辆进入停车场时,液晶屏显示内容提示,是否有停车位空缺。

如果有空位,然后启动电机,打开停车场入口的门。

射频模块用来传送和接收插槽可用性信息。

根据射频模块的输出,LED的发光。

根据信息驱动程序可以停车。

停车系统框图所示图2.主机计算机作为控制单元。

主要程序为FPGA。

图2:停车系统的结构图3.1硬件执行LCD为16引脚配置,Vss是接地引脚,Vcc是电源引脚,Vee用于控制对比度,RS为寄存器选择引脚,命令和数据根据RS引脚状态选择,E为使能信号。

DB0-DB7是数据线15和16引脚用于调整背光。

分配给FPGA的LCD的控制和数据线如图3所示。

图3(a):LCD与FPGA接口(引脚分配)步进电机通过使用ULN 2003与FPGA连接。

开发板的任何I /O端口可用于接口。

在图中,开发板的DI/O端口用于与步进电机的连接。

FPGA,ULN 2003和步进电机的引脚分配如图3(b)所示。

图3(b):步进电机与FPGA的接口(引脚分配)射频模块:在本模块中,红外传输接收器用于检测车辆是否存在。

红外传感器向HT12E编码器发送插槽状态。

编码器由18引脚配置。

并行数据由编码器转换为串行。

收集数据在编码器的数据输出引脚。

从数据输出引脚串行发射到RF发射器。

在RF接收机处串行接收数据。

HT12D解码器从RF接收器接收数据,然后将转换器串行转换回并行形式。

HT12D解码器的数据引脚与Virtex 5CI/O端口信号引脚连接。

图3(c):HT12D解码器与FPGA的接口(引脚分配)平台:由IR传感器、HT12E编码器、RF模块、HT12D解码器和FPGA 的LED组成,用于显示结果。

软件模块:Xilinx版本12.4用于VHDL编码。

接口:在提出的系统LCD中,步进电机和RF模型接口是用FPGA完成的。

3.2有限状态机的系统的运行为了实施停车系统状态图构造。

我们知道模拟系统的执行空间的可用性,电机旋转的门打开,标识和插槽的可用性信息。

该系统包括︰识别插槽选择插槽4.FPGA 实现4.1 设计停车系统与状态机图ASMD 图表是算法状态机图。

显示停车系统流程图的工作方式。

对于模拟模型,椭圆形的心形的盒子用来描述过去的状态,以及当前输入的输出。

图中所示的图表ASMD 是停车场系统工作。

在停车场入口处,液晶屏显示停车系统的状态。

如果有可用空间,然后液晶显示可用空间其他液晶显示没有空间退出。

根据空间状态马达旋转顺时针方向。

后该鉴定单位标识的人。

为新成员分配临时卡。

经过鉴定,检查插槽状态。

状态可以是填充、空或保留。

在这个过程中使用射频传感器。

图4:停车场管理系统的ASMD图4.2结果检查门空间后,会打开步进电机。

然后模拟时钟脉冲和重置应用会输入。

碳纳米管和clkd是信号。

当重置高向低,步进电机转动。

步进电机的仿真波形图4(a)所示。

图4(a)︰模拟步进电机放图4(b)︰RTL 视图步进电机与LCD接口技术如上图显示了RTL 视图步进电机与LCD接口技术。

clk 是系统时钟信号,rst 是控制信号,D(7:0) 是数据线,Z(3:0)是步进电机的输出信号,E 是液晶显示器的使能信号,rs 是寄存器选择信号。

rw是读/写控制信号。

当门打开了时,识别过程开始。

w,w1、w2、z、clk 和重置是投入。

Out_1 是输出。

Current_state 和next_state描述了确定访客或新成员。

P r_st和nx_st 显示人的标识。

下图是仿真显示识别过程︰图4(c):模拟识别模块该插槽后检查过程开始了。

这里的w1,w2、w3,w、clk,rest是输入的信号。

Led_slotallot 和slotallot是输出信号。

当复位信号熄灭高向低,系统从空闲状态出来。

在下图的模拟输入信号中,插槽15 是可用的。

下图是仿真显示插槽分配功能。

图 4 (d)︰插槽分配特征的模拟现在识别和插槽分配模块集成。

clk,w3,car_enter,休息,w4,找到,a,w2是输入的信号。

确定new_member、fnd1、z、led、led_filled、led_reserv、cout 输出信号。

根据输入信号,检查插槽状态。

图4(e)︰完整的停车系统的仿真结果图5:RTL视图停车系统图上方显示32 插槽及RTL 视图停车系统。

W2、W3、W4 是输入的信号,rest是控制信号,Clk 是系统时钟信号,Led,led_filled,led_reserv是输出信号,显示插槽的状态。

识别和new_member 也显示结果识别模块的输出信号。

5.总结目前,基于FPGA泊车系统被采用Fsm Xilinx ISE 设计套件12.4。

设计验证容量5 FPGA 工具包,状态机提高生产率、降低成本并缩短上市时间。

基于FPGA 停车系统,给出了快速响应。

所设计的系统可用于许多应用程序,可以轻松地提高插槽选项数目,利用设计系统使停车更方便。

附件2:外文原文(复印件)Design and implementationof carparking system on FPGAABSTRACTAs, thenumberof vehicles are increased day byday inrapid manner. It causes the problem of trafficcongestion, pollution (noise and air). Toovercome this problem.AFPGA basedp arking system has beenproposed. In this paper, parkingsys tem is implementedusing Finite State Machinemodelling. Thesystemhas two mainmodules i.e. identificationmodule andslotchecking module. Identification module identifiesthevisitor.Slot checkingmodule checks the slot stat us.Thesemodulesaremodelled in HDL andimplemented on FPGA. A prototypeof parking systemisdesigned withvariou sinterfaces like sensor interfacing,stepper motor and LCD. KEYWORDS:Finite State Machine;Parking System; Virtex-5;1.INTRODUCTIONVehicle traffic congestion isaworldwide problem. In recent years, effortshave beenmade to introduce amethodto reduce parking problems suchas congestion, accidents and hazards.Figure1:Congestion TrendsinUrbanArea As shownin figure1 congestion has clearly grown year by year.It creates a number of problems. Congestion usedto mean it tooklongerto getto from work in the"rush hour".Parking systemscan also take advantage of innovative technologiesinordertoimprovetheease and convenienceof paying for parking. Now a day, Smart cards minimize transactiontime by allowing a userto simply wave their cardin front ofareader.Mobile devices canalso be used inpaymenttransactions. Publicutilitiesneed a parking system thatcanfunction efficiently and be integrated with theotherurba ncityutilities.Forallotment of parking slots there isnopr operway thus parking management system fails in coordination and centralizingthe informationfor an effective system.Toavoidtheseproblems, a design of an intelligent parkingsystem isproposed,whichwillbe implemented on FPGAto check its functionality.ﻭRecently, areconfigurableFPGAis efficientmethod to implement adesign, because FPGApro vides a compromise between general-purposeprocessorsandASIC. The FPGAbased design is also more flexible, programmable and can be re-programmed. FPGAbaseddesign can easily be modified by modifying design’s softwarepart.2. RELATED WORKGongjunYanet.al,describesa novel,secure,and intelligentparking system(Smart Parking)based on securedwireless network andsensor communication.High parkingspace utilization and fast free spot finding timearethe result ofproposed research. Soh ChunKhang et.al,presents a parking system in which driver comes toknow about thespace availability inthe parking lot with thehelp of SMSservice. Drivercan resendSMS in orderto requestnew space ifthe previousone is filled. Driver can find nearest space for parking using wireless mobile based car parkingsystem.Results,showsthat the systemefficiently allocates the slotsandutilizes thefull parking space.Ankit Gupta et.al,describes an efficient carpark ingalgorithmforackermansteering configuration.Thisalgorithmusesgeometric calculationsfor pathplanning. Result shows a fast, efficientand safer parking system]. Huachuntan et.al, proposed anefficientcar searching techniquefor largerparking lot. In thispaper,cameras are installed in roads nearbyparkinglotand informationregarding car like colour and license plate recognition is captured and savedin the database.S.V. Srikanthet.al, proposed a parking system w hich eliminates problems regarding finding vacantslot for parking. Author uses wireless technology to enhance parkingefficiency. GongjunYanet.al, proposedNOTICE based parking system. In this parking system, driverscan check andreserve theslot for parking. For security purposes encryption/decryptiontechniques are used. Simulation results are highly efficient.Insop Song et.alproposed FPGA based parking system usingfuzzylogiccontroller (FLC).Reduction incomputation ti meisits advantage. In this research work a robotcar is made and tested in realenvironment using VHDL code. Designis simulatedandtested on FPGA.3.PROPOSED PARKINGSYSTEMThe basicoperation ofthe parking system is explained as: When a vehicleentersinthe parking lot,LCD displays,i fthespaceisavailableinparking lot ornot.If t he space is available then stepper motor rotates and door opens for vehicleentrance. RF module isused totransmitand receive slot availability information.According to RFModule’s output,LED’sglow.Accordingtoinformation driver can park the vehicle.Blockdiagram forthe parking system is shown in f igure2.Host computeracts as controlunit.Once hostcomputer program theFPGA.Figure2:Block diagramof the parking system3.1 Hardware implementationLCDis of 16pin configuration. Vss is groundpin.Vcc is powersupplypin.Vee is usedto control thecontrast. RS is r egister selectpin.Commandand data is selectaccording toRSpin status.E is enablesignal. DB0-DB7aredatalines.15 and16 pins are used to adjustbacklight.Controlanddata lines of LC DassignedtoFPGA are shown in figure 3.Figure 3(a):LCDinterfacing with FPGA(Pin assignment) Stepper motor interfacedwith FPGAby usingULN 2003.An yI/O portofDevelopment Boardcanbe used forinterfacing. H ere, DI/O port ofDevelopment Board isusedfor interfacingwithstepper motor. Pin assignmentof FPGA, ULN2003,an dstepper motoris shown infigure 3(b).Figure 3(b):stepper motor interfacing with FPGA(Pin assignment)RF Module:In thismodule IR trans-receiver pair is used to detect vehicle presence. IR sensors transmit slot’sstatusto HT12E encoder.Encoderconsists of18pin configuration.Parallel data convertintoserial by encoder.Data iscollected at data o ut pinof encoder.From data outpin data serially transmit towardsRF transmitter.Data seriallyreceived atRF receiver.HT12D decoderreceiver’s data from RFreceiver, then converterback serial to parallel form.HT12Ddecoder’sdatapins are interfaced with Virtex5CI/Oport signal pins.Figure 3(c):HT12D Decoderinterfacing withFPGA(Pinassignment)Platform:consisting of IR sensors,HT12Eencoder,RFmodu le, HT12Ddecoderand LEDsof FPGA are used to display results. Software Module: Xilinxversion 12.4 is used forVHDLcod ing.Interfacing:Inproposed system LCD, Stepper motor and RFmodelsinterfacing is donewithFPGA.3.2Finite state machine for the operation ofthesystemIn order to implementparkingsystem a state diagram isconstructed.Aswe know that the proposedsystem performsspace availability,motor rotation for door opening,identification andslot availability information.The systemincludes: IdentificationSlot Selection4.FPGA IMPLEMENTATION4.1 Designing ofparkingsystemwithState MachineDiagramASMDchartisAlgorithm State Machine Diagram. This showsthe working ofparking systemin theformof a flow chart. For the proposed model,oval shapedboxes are used todescr ibethe output thatdependsuponpast state as well aspresentinput.TheASMDchartshown in figure 4 gives working of thecar parkingsystem. At theentrance ofparking area,LCD displays the status of parking system. Ifspace is available then LCD displays space available else LCD displays no spaceexit.According to space statusmotor rotatesin clockwise direction. After that identification unitidentifies the person. Fornew member temporary cardis allotted. After identification, slot status ischecked.Status canbe filled, empty or reserved.RF sensorsare used in thisprocess.Figure 4:ASMDcharfor parkingsystem4.2 ResultsAfterspace checking doorwillopen with the help of stepper motor. Here insimulationclkpulse and reset is ap plied as an input.Cntand clkdare signals. Whenreset goeshigh-to-low,stepper motor rotates. Simulation wave formsof stepper motor are shown in figure 4(a)Figure 4(a):Simulation of stepper motor ratationFigure 4(b) :RTL view of stepper motorandLCD interfacing Figure 4(b):RTL viewof stepper motor and LCD interfacingFigure aboveshowsthe RTLview ofstepper motor and LCDinterfacing.clk is system clock signal. rst is controlsignal. D(7:0)are data lines. Z(3:0)is output signalof stepper motor. E is enable signalof LCD. rs isregisterselectsignal.rwisread/writecontrolsignal.Whendoor opened, identification processstarts. w,w1,w2, z, clkand resetare inputs.Out_1is output. C urrent_state and next_statedescribesvisitoris identified or anew member has come.Pr_st and nx_st shows person whichis identified.Following simulationshows identification process:Figure 4(c):Simulation of identification module After that slot checking procedure starts. Herew1,w2, w3, w, clk,reset are inputsignals. Led_slotallotand slotallot are output signals. When reset signalgoeshigh-to-low, system comes out from idle state.According to input signals in following simulationslot 15 is available.Following simulati onshows slot allotment feature.Figure4(d):Simulationof slot allotment feature Now identification and slot allotment modules areintegrated. clk, w3, car_enter,rest,w4,find,a,w2 areinputsignals.Identified,new_member,fnd1,z, led,led_filled,led_reserv,cout are output signals. According to input signal, slot status is checked.Figure 4(e):Simulationresults of complete parking systemFigure 5:RTL view of parking system Figure aboveshowsthe32slot involvingRTLview parking system.W2,W3, W4are input signals. Resetis control signal.Clk is system clock signal.Led, led_filled, led_reserv are output signals,whichshowsslotstatus.Identified andnew_member are alsooutput signals,which showsresultofide ntification module.5. CONCLUSIONThepresent FPGA based parking system is implemented using FSMswiththe help of XilinxISE Design Suite 12.4.The d--esign is verified on Virtex 5 FPGA kit.Statemachines incr easeproductivity,reduces cost,and acceleratestime to m arket. FPGAbased parkingsystem,givesfast response.The designed system canbeused formany applicationsand can easily enhancethe number of slot selections.Parking becomes easy by theuse ofDesigned system.--。

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