古书中的特殊读音一、古今字的读音1、从语音角度来看，有一部分古字和今字的现代读音完全相同，例如:“止——趾，要——腰，采——採，匡——筐，然——燃、皃——貌、竟——境、坐——座、反——返、面——偭、顷——倾、取——娶、昏——婚、具——俱、辟——避、舆——歟、象——像、辰——晨、舍——捨、戚——慼、涂——塗”等等。
这些字在现代没有读音上的纠葛，在诵读古书、遇到古字时，都可用这些古字的现代普通话读音，因此他们不存在特殊读音问题。
2、但是另有一部分古字和今字，他们的现代读音却不相同，例如:“共——供、岂——恺、隶——逮、它——蛇、责——债、莫——暮、暴——曝、两——辆、立——位、贾——價、来——徕、弟——悌、知——智、北——背、被——披、道——導、说——悦、卒——猝、详——佯、女——汝、罷——疲、信——伸、冯——慿、干——岸”等等。
这些字在现代有读音上的纠葛，在诵读古书、遇到古字时，一般的处理方法是:a少数使用该字的现代普通话的读音，如:《说文解字》“它”字下:“上古草居患它，故相问‘无它乎’,”。
《论语季氏》:“故远人不服，则修文德以来之。
”这里的“来”的今字为“徕”。
《诗经魏风伐檀》:“坎坎伐檀兮，寘之河之干兮。
”这里“干”的今字为“岸”。
b大多数则使用该古字的今字的现代普通话读音。
如: 《左传僖公四年》:“尔贡包茅不入，王祭不共。
”《诗经小雅鱼藻》:“王在在镐，岂乐饮酒。
”《论语卫灵公》:“臧文仲其窃位者舆,知柳下惠之贤而不与立也。
”《孟子滕文公上》:“布帛长短同，则贾相若。
”《论语学而》:“学而时习之，不亦说乎,”《战国策燕策》:“群臣惊愕，卒起不意，尽失其度。
” 这两种不同的处理方法，在何种情况下取何种，完全是根据人们的upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, followinginternational standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability andflexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the keyposition then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service习惯，不过为了照顾语意的理解，我们认为后者的处理方法为好。
由于后一种处理方法把古字读成不同于它现代普通话的读音(即今字的读音)，因此对于这些古字来说，就形成了特殊的读音。
二、通假字的读音1、一类是通假字与本字的现代读音完全一致，这类没有读音上的纠葛。
如“谓——为、芥——介、视——示、钧——均、奉——俸、错——措、式——轼、辨——辩、以——已、豫——预、免——娩、逝——誓、熙——嬉、燕——宴、谊——义、常——尝、尔——迩、蚤——早、惠——慧、无——毋”等等。
2、另一类是通假字和本字的现代普通话读音不一致，如“亡——无、能——耐、有——又、属——嘱、矜——鳏、害——曷、爵——雀、政——征、归——馈、矢——誓、干——涧、生——性、章——彰、敛——殓、拂——弼、适——谪、亡——忘、缪——穆、耆——嗜”等等。
a传统处理是绝大多数通假字按照本字的现代普通话读音来读，如: 《论语颜渊》:“人皆有兄弟，我独亡。
”无《淮南子地形训》:“食水者善游能寒。
”耐《战国策齐策》:“使人属孟尝君，愿寄食门下。
”嘱《礼记礼运》:“矜寡孤独废疾者皆有所养。
”鳏《诗经周南葛覃》:“害澣(同浣)害否，归宁父母。
”曷《韩非子说林下》:“人不能自止于足，而亡其富之涯乎。
”忘 b只有极少数通假字仍依他们的现代读音来读。
如: 《诗经小雅斯干》:“秩秩斯干，幽幽南山。
”干通涧，仍读gān 《左传宣公二年》:“三进及溜，而后视之。
”溜通霤，读liū，不读liù 这样，对于绝大多数通假字来说，由于不按照他们自身的现代读音，而是按照本字的现代读音来读，也就形成了特殊的读音。
三、读破读破是利用字词的读音变化来表示词义和词类的变化，这种读音的变化主要是声调的变化，即四声别义。
其次也有利用声母的变化来表示的。
例如: 《广韵》:“朝”，陟遥切，早也;直遥切，朝廷也。
“見”，古电切，视也;胡甸切，露也。
upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization ofstandards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service“著”，张略切，服衣于身;直略切，附也。