从污水的特点，处理的要求与程度和工艺的特征入手，对多种工艺进行比较，经分析比较后，选择最优方案进行后续的设计计算。对预选方案进行细致的研究和比较，确定黑龙江哈尔滨市15万m3/d污水处理厂设计工艺为A/O法。其工艺流程如下图：
3.设计规范、标准
①《中华人民共和国环境保护法》；
②《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》；
Effluent
COD
BOD5
NH4－N
SS
pH
TP
Unit (mg / L)
≤50
≤10
≤5（8）（15）
10
6~9
1
1.3 Design Principles
The purpose is to make the city's sewage treatment discharge standards for wastewater reuse or make the environment from pollution, the treated effluent reuse for irrigation, urban landscape or industrial production, so as to conserve water resources. "Urban sewage treatment and pollution control technology policy" on the sewage treatment process selection criteria given in the following items on urban wastewater treatment process selection:
单位（mg/L）
≤50
≤10
≤5（8）（15）
10
6~9
1
2.3气象、水文、地质条件
哈尔滨市属于半湿润温带大陆性季风气候，其气候特点是，冬季在极地大陆冷气团控制下，气候寒冷、干燥，夏季受太平洋副热带气团影响，降水集中，气候温和、湿润。气候有明显的季节性变化，春季回暖快而多大风，全年主导风向西南风。年平均气温3.6℃，最低气温为-38.1℃；年平均降雨量为553.5mm，降雨期集中在7~8月份；年平均日照在2500小时，无霜期在135~140天，最大冻深1.97m。
∅15×6.79
2
13
污泥贮泥池
12.1×12.1×5
2
14
脱水车间
20×15
1
关键词
城市污水处理；A/O工艺；污水处理厂
General Design Introduction
1 . Designed to require, in principle
1.1 Background of Project Proposal necessity and investment
松花江流域位于中国东北地区的北部，松花江流域介于北纬41°42′~51°38′、东经119°52′-132°31′之间，东西长920公里，南北宽1070公里，流域面积55.68万平方公里，历年最高水位120.89 m，最低水位110.07m,平均水位115.52m,地下水埋藏深度距地表1-15m。
2.4工艺及工艺流程
According to the environmental department of the national water quality of rivers, lakes, reservoirs monitoring, due to recent industrial wastewater and urban sewage discharge and other reasons, the main river water in Harbin have been polluted to varying degrees. Meanwhile , a large number of industrial wastewater and untreated sewage is discharged directly into the waters , it is seriously contaminated , resulting in the river creatures , plants mostly disappeared, destroyed the natural landscape, urban pollution downstream groundwater sources , seriously restricting the economic development . To improve the environment, water pollution control, construction of urban sewage treatment works is imperative.
(1)城市污水处理工艺应根据处理规模、水质特征、受纳水体的环境功能及当地的实际情况和要求，经全面技术经济比较后优先确定；
(2)工艺选择的主要技术经济指标包括：处理单位水量投资，削减单位污染物投资，处理单位水量电耗和成本，削减单位污染物电耗和成本，占地面积，运行性能，可靠性，管理维护难易程度，总体环境效益；
1.2 A / O process settings to achieve effluent discharge standards
Shall conform to the "urban sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standard" (GB18918-2002) an A standard. Namely:
4
2
提升泵房
12×2.5×4.2
1
3
细格栅
2.33×0.35×1.22
2
4
曝气沉砂池
10×7×6.13
4
5
初沉池
∅28×7.04
4
6
缺氧池
47.3×9×8
4
7
好氧池
47.3×27×8
4
8
混合液回流泵房
6×7
1
9
配水井
0.24×1.2
1
10
辐流式二沉池
∅50×8.2
8
11
回流污泥泵房
8×6
1
12
污泥浓缩池
Harbin is the capital city of northeastern Heilongjiang province , with the rapid development of urbanization and accelerate economic construction , urban sewage emissions have increased rapidly, a large number of uncontrolled discharge of untreated sewage , if not handled properly , will cities and water cause serious environmental pollution affecting the sustainable development of human settlements and urban environmental quality of our country 's water resources situation is quite difficult situation , the river flows through all the city's more than 90% received moderate or more severe pollution , 50% of the urban river water undrinkable . In addition to a large number of rivers of sewage outside has lost another utility. Many major lakes are eutrophic stage at different times.
③《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准GB 18918－2002》；
④《给水排水设计手册》（第二版）等一系列设计书册；
⑤其它的相关专业书籍；
⑥网络尤其是万方、中国知网等一些中国著名的检索网站。
4.设计结果
主要构筑物见表1-1
表1-1主要构筑物一览表
序号名称规格（m×m× Nhomakorabea)数量
1
中格栅
5.07×3.9×1.31
(1)Urban sewage treatment process should be handled in accordance with the scale, quality characteristics, receiving water environment functions and local realities and requirements, after a comprehensive technical and economic comparison priorities identified .The main technical and economic indicators.
(3)应切合实际地确定污水进水水质，优先工艺设计参数必须对污水的现状、水质特征、污染物构成进行详细调查或测定，做出合理的分析预测；
(4)在水质组成复杂或特殊时，进行污水处理工艺的动态试验，必要时应开展中试研究；
(5)积极地采用高效经济的新工艺，在国内首次应用的新工艺必须经过中试和生产性试验，提供可靠性设计参数，然后进行运用。
1.2A/O工艺设置要达到的污水排放标准