中国文化论文题目：中国的象征主义文化课程名称：中国文化专业：班级：学号：姓名：Chinese Symbolism cultureSymbolic meaning have played a significant role in the lives of the Chinese .The nature of their written and spoken language has contributed to the rich vocabulary of symbolism.The large numbers of homophones in the Chinese language means that words with different meanings become associated with each other due to a similarity of sound when spoken.As well as linguistic symbolism,there are symbols which originated from ancient cosmological and mythical beliefs .Symbolic meanings from an intrinsic part of culture and readily understood by Chinese people .中国的象征主义文化象征意义在中国人的生活中扮演了重要角色，无论是口头的还是书面的语言都对丰富了词汇的象征意义。
部分象征意义是由于同音同形异义引起的，还有的是起源于古代宇宙学和神秘的信仰。
象征意义作为中国文化本质的一部分，已深深地扎根于中年国人心目中。
Animal s:Chinese Dragon中国龙Chinese dragon is a mythical creature in ancient Chinese mythology and folklore.．It is comprised of nine different kinds of animals but resembles none and what these nine kinds of animal are is not sure ．Nowadays ,，it is accepted that dragon is a totem formed in primitive society of China .It is said that it can change its shape and do almost everything ．In Feudal times ，dragon is the symbol of the emperor ，it also refers to the things which belongs to the emperor ,such as long zhong which means the son of the king and long yan which means the mood of the king and so on . Dragon is ranked the five in the Chinese zodiac signs and called four god beasts together with white tiger ，jujak and genbu .中国古代的神话与传说中，龙是一种神异动物，具有九种动物合而为一之九不像之形象。
具体是哪九种动物有争议。
目前公认龙是原始社会形成的一种图腾崇拜的标志。
传说多为其能显能隐，能细能巨，能短能长。
春分登天，秋分潜渊，呼风唤雨，无所不能。
封建时代龙是帝王的象征，也用来指帝王和帝王的东西：龙种、龙颜、龙廷、龙袍、龙宫等。
龙在中国传统的十二生肖中排第五，其与白虎、朱雀、玄武一起并称“四神兽”。
Some scholars believe that the Chinese dragon form originated from totems of different tribes in China, as a merger of totems of various tribes consequential to tribal mergers. Legendary figures like Nüwa (女媧) and Fuxi (伏羲) are depicted as having snake bodies. Some scholars have noted that a myth arose that the first legendary Emperor of China, Huangdi (黃帝, Yellow Emperor) used a snake for his coat of arms. According to the myth, every time he conquered another tribe, he incorporated his defeated enemy's emblem into his own, thus explains why the dragon appears to have features of various animals.有学者认为龙的形象是不同部族的图腾演化而来的，其具有了不同图腾所具有的一些特征。
像在神话传说中，女娲，伏羲都是人头蛇身的形像。
中国第一个皇帝——黄帝有蛇一样的手臂，因此有学者认为每次他收复一个部落都会把那个不落地图腾作为自己的标志，这就很好的解释的为什么龙会有不动动物的特征。
After a long period of study and research ，people have drawn an agreement on its origin that is it’s a combination of different kinds of animal and it was thought to be a totem in primitive society .in early age , people couldn’t explain the natural phenomena and they thoughthe totem of their nation must be powerful as winds , rains and thunders ,has a majestic appearance like mountains , and it can cruise under the water like fish and fly like birds .gradually , dragon became what it is today , It’s the symbol of the most powerful god .在经历了长期的研究和考证后，人们终于取得了一个较为一致的共识：龙是多种动物的综合体，是原始社会形成的一种图腾崇拜的标志。
在早期，古人对大多自然现象无法做出合理解释，于是便希望自己民族的图腾具备风雨雷电那样的力量，群山那样的雄姿，像鱼一样能在水中游弋，像鸟一样可以在天空飞翔。
因此许多动物的特点都集中在龙身上，龙渐渐成了"九不像"(具有九种动物的特征)的样子，这种复合结构，意味着龙是万兽之首，万能之神。
Chinese Phoenix 中国凤凰Images of an ancient bird have appeared in China for over 8000 years, as earliest as the Hongshan neolithic period, on jade and pottery motifs, then appearing decorating bronze as well as jade figurines. Some experts believe they may have been a good-luck totem among eastern tribes of ancient China.古代鸟的形象出现在中国已经有八千多年了，最早可追溯到红山新石器时代的玉器和陶器图案上，然后出现在青铜器装饰及玉石雕像上。
一些专家认为这在古代中国的东部部落中可能是一种象征好运的图腾标志。
During the Han Dynasty (2,200 years ago) two phoenixes, one a male (feng, 鳳) and the other a female (huang, 凰) were often shown together facing one other. Later, during the Yuan Dynasty the two terms were merged to become the generally translated "phoenix", but the "King of Birds" came to symbolize the empress when paired with a dragon as a dragon represented the emperor. From the period of the Jiajing Emperor (1522–66) on, a pair of phoenixes was differentiated by the tail feathers of the two birds, typically together forming a closed circle pattern—the male identified by five serrated tail feathers (five being an odd, or yang number) and the female by what appears to be one, but is in fact, two (two being an even, or yin number) curling or tendrilled tail feathers. It was also in the Ming Dynasty that phoenixes first began to appear with combs, hence comb-less phoenixes are pre-Ming, and phoenixes depicted with combs, Ming or post-Ming.在汉朝时期（2200年前），两只凤凰，一只雄性，叫作凤，另一只是雌性，叫作凰经常面对面出现在一起。