Unit1Haul 拖,拉Intercommunal 社区之间的Transport demand 交通需求Substantial 坚固的,实质的Transport modes 运输方式Operating costs 运营成本Environmental pollution 环境污染Subsidize 资助,给……津贴Implication 牵连,含意,暗示Detrimental 有害的Unabated不衰退的Derivative引出的Deficit赤字,不足额Energy-supply能源供应Uint3Transport Telematics 交通运输远程信息处理系统travel 出行travel arrangement 出行计划travel time 行程时间public transport 公共交通Park 停车场parking space 停车位incident 事件accident 事故route 路线路径route model 路径(路线)模型optimum route 最优路径(路线)road pricing (城市)道路拥挤费tolling(公路)通行费ticketing 公交收费inaccessible 不可达的,不通的traffic management 交通管理traffic control 交通控制road safety and law enforcement道路安全及执法[法规的执行] motorway 高速公路=freeway=speedway= thruwaycruise control 巡航控制lane 车道Junction交叉口=intersectionvariable message sign (VMS) 可变信息标志(板)travel control center出行控制中心(中心式导航park and ride service 停车与换乘服务点traffic flow 交通流量speed 速度queue 车辆排队pedestrian 步行者cyclist 骑自行车的人congestion 拥挤traveller behaviour 出行者行为modal choice 方式选择route choice 路线选择LRT (Light Rail Train)轻轨SCOOT (Split, Cycle and Offset Optimization Technique: 绿信比-周期-相位差优化技术(英国)SCATS (Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System)协调自适应交通控制系统(澳大利亚)Travel information systems 出行信息系统Driver information systems驾驶员信息系统Traffic information systems交通信息系统GPS (Global Positioning System) 全球定位系统traffic control center交通控制中心Automatic vehicle location 车辆自动定位Automatic vehicle identification车辆自动识别access control 入口控制、通行权控制ramp metering 匝道控制(调节)[不用control]speed control 速度控制high-occupancy vehicle lane 高占有率车辆专用车道(HOV)alternative route 备选路线vehicle licence plate 车牌=number plateCard parking 停车场Junction 交叉口Co-pilot辅助驾驶Uint4lengths of road kerb路缘石的长度Uint6highway traffic:公路交通highways and byways:干道和支线a highway to success:成功之路arterial highway= main highway :干线公路interstate highway:州际公路multi-laned highway:快慢车分行的公路=多车道公路toll highway = turnpike :收费公路toll-free highway:免费公路data highway:数据总线Specialization原意是特殊化、专门化,这里可转译为“分类”。
这里的system可选择“机制”的含义accommodate原意是供应、容纳等,这里可转译为“满足”Intervene原意为“干涉、插入、介入”,这里可意译为“设置”Uint13traffic engineering:交通工程demand = traffic demand:交通需求traffic demand:交通需求,本文中的demand与此相同Pattern of movement=traffic pattern:交通运行模式existing demand :现实的交通需求expected demand :预计(预测)的交通需求bypass :支路,绕行线路traffic assignment :交通分配expected traffic :预期的交通量,与expected demand类似transport (traffic) impact analysis :交通影响分析(TIA)traffic survey:交通调查measure:测量、测度,也可理解为“评价”situation 与condition:均可理解为状况或者状态traffic flow:交通流量,在本文中flow具有与此相同的含义day of the week :在一周内的每一天flow = traffic flow:交通流量Sunday trading:星期日交易法案balance:平衡,在此处可理解为“规律”pattern of travel :出行模式flow:交通流量traffic flow:交通流量/// interurban roads :城间道路congest,congestion:拥挤(n. & v.)pattern of flow :交通流量模式traffic condition :交通状况August bank holiday :八月银行假日peak traffic condition :高峰时段的交通状况Trunk road(英)=arterial road(美):主干道路hourly flow:小时流量traffic survey :交通调查traffic situation :交通状况traffic flow:交通流traffic survey :交通调查traffic flow :交通流量// direction of movement :流向junction=intersection :交叉口origin and destination survey:OD调查,起讫点调查residential area :居民区// ring road :环路rat-run :便道// passes through :穿过、经过gyratory system :旋转系统,在本文中可理解为“迂回道路系统”registration mark=license plate=license tag=number plate=license number :牌照origin and destination (O&D) survey :起讫点(OD)调查transport planning:交通运输规划roadside interview surveys:路边访问调查self-completion questionnaire:自填问卷[调查] sample:样本、样品;取样、采样、抽样movement:原意是运动、运转、移动等,由于此处涉及的是OD调查,因此可理解为“出行”。
roadside interview surveys:路边访问调查origin and destination (O&D) :起讫点(OD)sample:样本、样品;取样、采样、抽样journey purpose:出行目的Uint16Urban transportation planning :城市交通运输规划transportation facility :交通运输设施bridge gap :填补漏洞//guider:指导者,引导者from the general to the particular:各级科普人员和专业人员goal:目的,目标// objective:目标,目的criteria:标准、准则、条件// standard:标准、规范、准则equal opportunity:机会均等public transportation :公共交通transit = public transportation :公共交通land use:土地利用/ travel=trip:出行trip generation:交通生成/ trip distribution:交通分布land use:土地利用/ travel=trip:出行trip generation:交通生成/ trip rates:出行发生率household characteristics:家庭特征person-trips per household:单位家庭的出行人次auto driver trips per 1000 ft of floor space:每1000[平房]英尺房屋建筑面积产生的机动车出行数量modal split:方式选择/traffic assignment:交通分配trip origin:出行起点(出行发生)/ trip attraction :出行吸引trip distribution:交通分布/ trip generation :交通生成trip destination:出行终点/ travel=trip:出行Fratar method: Fratar模型the intervening opportunities model:介入机会模型the gravity model:重力模型trip volume: 出行量trip-end quantities :起讫点出行量trip : 出行// trip purpose :出行目的distribution:[出行]分布home-based trips :家庭出行nonhome-based trips :非家庭出行traffic assignment :交通分配// travel pattern:出行模式network loading:路网交通负荷// trip survey:出行调查trip-generation :出行生成// trip-distribution :出行分布person-trips :以人为单位的出行// mode choice :出行方式选择automobile trips :以车为单位的出行transit passenger trips:以公交乘客为单位的出行Trip diversion :出行转移// travel-time :行程时间Trip-maker :出行者// household characteristics :家庭特征transportation network :交通运输网络,路网// link:路段trip-generation :出行生成//shortest time paths :时间最短路径zonal destinations:终点小区// trip-distribution:出行分布link:路段// assignment:交通分配capacity-restraint:容量限制// volume :交通流量link travel time :路段行程时间// alternative path :备选路径volume/capacity ratios :流量与通行能力比率(v/C比)vehicle-mile:车英里// vehicle-hour :车小时O-D matrix :OD矩阵// person-trip:以人为单位的出行数transit networks:公交网络Uint17capacity analysis :通行能力分析facility:交通设施traffic-carrying ability:交通承载能力operational conditions:运行条件operational criteria :运行标准//facility:交通设施levels of service :服务水平operational conditions:运行条件standard conditions :标准条件prevailing conditions :实际条件ideal conditions :理想条件ideal conditions :理想条件// capacity:通行能力pavement conditions:道路条件// facility :交通设施Incidents:交通事件// traffic flow:交通流uninterrupted flow :非间断流,连续流intersection approaches:交叉口入口道(引道)ideal conditions :理想条件// lane widths :车道宽度uninterrupted flow facilities :连续流交通设施clearance :净空// design speed :设计车速// passenger cars:小客车multilane highways:多车道公路// two-lane highways:双车道公路traffic stream:交通流// level terrain:平原地形capacity analyses :通行能力分析// prevailing conditions :实际条件ideal conditions :理想条件// service flow rate:服务流率level of service :服务水平// roadway :道路roadway factors :道路因素// geometric conditions :几何条件design elements:设计要素// maximum flow rate:最大流率measure of effectiveness:效率指标shoulder widths :路肩宽度// lateral clearances :侧向净空design speed :设计车速// alignment:线形queuing :排队// intersections:交叉口// facility:交通设施uninterrupted flow :连续流//multilane highways:多车道公路flow characteristics :交通流特性// performance :性能,效果development environment :建设[开发]环境// facility:交通设施signalized intersections:信号交叉口// medians :中央分隔带Lane :车道// shoulder :路肩// traffic flow:交通流capacity:通行能力// service flow rates :服务流率Lane:车道//shoulder:路肩//lateral obstructions :侧向障碍物roadside :路侧// median :中央分隔带design speed:设计车速// operation :运行level of services:服务水平// capacity:通行能力multilane facilities :多车道交通设施//alignment:线形alignment:线形// highway:公路design speed:设计车速// topography = terrain:地形uninterrupted flow facilities :连续流交通设施// grade:坡度// alignment:线形//terrain:地形heavy vehicles:重型车辆// passenger cars:小客车grade:坡度// alignment:线形//terrain:地形heavy vehicles:重型车辆// passenger cars:小客车crawl speeds:爬坡速度grade:坡度// alignment:线形//terrain:地形heavy vehicles:重型车辆// crawl speeds:爬坡速度crawl speeds:爬坡速度heavy vehicles:重型车辆heavy vehicles:重型车辆//traffic stream:交通流Terrain:地形// capacity:通行能力service flow rates:服务流率two-lane rural highways :双车道农村公路terrain:地形// traffic stream:交通流Terrain:地形// heavy vehicles:重型车辆traffic stream:交通流// roadway:道路grade :坡度intersection approach:交叉口进口道,交叉口引道Uint18traffic accident:交通事故Passenger automobiles:客车//truck:卡车multiple-vehicle crash:多车碰撞事故fatal accidents = fatal collisions :死亡事故occupant :乘员// fatality :死亡者motor vehicle :机动车pickup truck:敞蓬小型载货卡车// van:有蓬货车motorcyclists:司机//occupant:乘员//fatality:死亡者vehicle-miles :车公里fatality rates :死亡率fatality:死亡者vehicle-miles :车公里motor vehicles:机动车;accident:交通事故traffic fatalities:死亡交通事故,交通事故死亡人数highway traffic safety :公路交通安全Pedestrian:行人// conflict:冲突grade crossings:平交路口;sign:交通标志Markings:交通标线;signals:交通信号pedestrian :行人Intersection :交叉口accident:交通事故automobile:汽车// truck:卡车highway:公路// motorcycle :摩托车bicycle :自行车//moped:电动自行车railroad-highway grade crossing:公铁平交路口transportation engineers:运输工程师Intersection=junction=crossing:交叉口mode:交通(运输)方式grade crossing:平面交叉// grade separation:立体交叉railroad-highway grade crossing:公铁平交路口sign:交通标志// marking:交通标线signal:交通信号the U.S. House of Representatives :美国众议院Subcommittee on Federal aid Highways :联邦资助公路分委员hearing:听证会// single-vehicle accident :单车交通事故Uint21Traffic management :交通管理capacity :通行能力highway network:公路网,道路网highway engineering:道路工程junction :交叉口pedestrian crossings :人行横道// capacity:通行能力crossing point:交会点[比交叉口的空间范围小] capacity:通行能力// accident:交通事故public transport priority:公共交通优先demand :交通需求// pedal cycle:自行车highway capacity:道路通行能力// demand :交通需求Traffic management:交通管理congestion:交通拥堵// highway network:道路网络Highway authorities:公路[道路]管理部门private vehicular traffic:私人车辆交通Traffic engineering :交通工程highway capacity:公路[道路]通行能力demand management:交通需求管理,congestion charging = road pricing:道路拥挤收费congestion :交通拥挤smart card:智能卡// vehicle identification:车辆识别Video image analysis:视频图像分析traffic engineer :交通工程师// capacity:通行能力accident:交通事故//pedestrian:行人// cyclist:骑车者on-street and off-street parking:路内和路外停车junctions:交叉口// roundabout:环形交叉口vehicle-vehicle accident:机动车之间的碰撞事故traffic signals :交通信号//pedestrian:行人traffic-handling capacity:交通处理能力bus priority measures :公交优先措施traffic streams:交通流// traffic lane= lane:车道accident:交通事故left-turn lanes:左转专用车道right-turn lanes :右转专用车道banned turn:禁止转向// conflict:交通冲突accident:交通事故// pedestrian:行人one-way street:单向交通Crossing= junction:交叉口one-way street:单向交通speeding :超速行驶junction:交叉口//highway:公(道)路// footway:人行道Pedestrian:行人//bus stop:公交站点//turning conflict:转向冲突cycle rack:自行车停放架// pedestrian crossings:行人横道general traffic :常规交通pedestrianized shopping streets :步行商业街emergency services vehicles :应急服务车辆proprietors :经营者// service vehicles :服务性车辆Carriageway :车道// capacity:道路通行能力vehicle speeds :车辆行驶速度parking :车辆停放// pedestrian:行人traffic engineering scheme :交通工程方案uncontrolled nonpriority junction:无[信号]控制无优先权[控制]交叉口priority junctions:优先权[控制]交叉口// pedestrian:行人roundabouts :环形交叉口// grade separation:立体交叉口traffic signals =signalized junctions:信号控制交叉口road markings :道路标线,交通标线Traffic signs :交通标志// warning signs:警告标志regulatory signs:禁令标志directional informatory signs:方向指示标志,指路标志other informatory signs:其他指示标志warning signs:警告标志// road users:道路使用者junctions:交叉口// carriageway width:车道宽度opening bridges:开合桥// humped back bridges:拱形桥Roadworks:道路施工regulatory signs:禁令标志// stop:停车//give way:让路,让行banned turn:禁止转弯// compulsory turns:必须转弯// no entry:禁入one-way streets:单行线// prohibited vehicle types:车种限制weight and width restrictions:车重和车宽限制waiting and loading restrictions:等车与乘车限制speed restriction:速度限制// other informatory signs:其他指示标志directional informatory signs:方向指示标志,指路标志other informatory signs:其他指示标志Uint22Traffic surveillance:交通监视freeway traffic management systems:高速公路交通管理系统traffic conditions:交通条件incident detection:交通事件检测The surveillance system:[交通]监视系统the system operating conditions:[交通]系统运行状况surveillance:交通监视traffic conditions:交通状态traffic engineering agencies:交通工程部门Surveillance system:交通监视系统urban street:城市道路traffic control system:交通控制系统traffic responsive control:感应式交通控制Freeway:高速公路Surveillance:交通监视Incident:交通事件nonrecurring congestion:偶发性交通拥挤freeway:高速公路// urban streets:城市道路surveillance:交通监视alternative routes:替代路线incident detection and servicing:交通事件检测与救援服务Surveillance = traffic surveillance:交通监视field observations:现场观测// periodic studies:定期调查police reports:警察报告// citizen calls:居民电话报告incident detection 交通事件检测Electronic surveillance :电子交通监视incident detection:交通事件检测freeway control strategies:高速公路控制策略electronic detection:电子交通检测incident detection:交通事件检测electronic surveillance :电子交通监视incident:交通事件// capability:通行能力demand:交通需求// traffic flow:交通流incident detection algorithm= Automatic Incident Detection algorithm:交通事件自动检测算法,AID算法traffic-flow variables:交通流变量[包括交通参数] traffic-flow variables:交通流变量[包括交通参数]traffic flow characteristics:交通流特性lane occupancy:车道占用率,车道时间占用率detector:交通检测器// congestion:交通拥挤sampling period:抽样周期,采样周期percent difference:差异率,变化率detector station:交通检测站,交通检测截面relative percent change :相对变化率occupancy:车道占用率downstream detector:下游交通检测器traffic conditions:交通状况,交通状态incident:交通事件// surveillance:交通监视electronic surveillance:电子交通监视incident detection:交通事件检测metering rate:(高速公路匝道控制的)调节率traffic-responsive:交通响应的ramp-metering:(高速公路的)匝道控制incident:交通事件// surveillance:交通监视electronic surveillance:电子交通监视incident detection:交通事件检测。