大学英语一阅读理解一、阅读理解（共505题,共101分）1. Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled—to $1. 01 per pack—smokers have jammed telephone “quit lines” acro ss the country seeking to kick the habit.This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They’ve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost ＄10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday. Charleston, S, C., where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation. The price was $4. 78.The influence is obvious.In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys—13.8%, far below the national average. By comparison, 26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky, Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records.Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans “who choose to smoke.”That’s true, But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place, As for today’s adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better. （1分）(1) The text is mainly about___________. （0.2分）A.the price of cigarettesB.the rate of teen smokingC.the effect of tobacco tax increaseD.the differences in tobacco tax rate标准答案：C(2) What does the author think is a surprise? （0.2分）A.Teen smokers are price sensitive.B.Some states still keep the tobacco tax low.C.Tobacco taxes improve public health.D.Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise.标准答案：B(3) The underlined word "deter” in Paragr aph 3 most probably means . （0.2分）A.discardingB.removeC.benefitD.free标准答案：A(4) Rogers’ attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of . （0.2分）A.toleranceB.unconcernC.doubtD.sympathy标准答案：D(5) What can we learn from the last paragraph? （0.2分）A.The new tax will be beneficial in the long run.B.Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.C.Future generations will be hooked on smoking.D.Adults will depend more on their families.标准答案：A2. Last August, Joe and Mary Mahoney began looking at colleges for their 17-year-old daughter, Maureen. With a checklist of criteria in hand, the Dallas family looked around the country visiting half a dozen schools. They sought a university that off ered the teenager’s intended major, one located neat a large city, and a campus where their daughter would be safe. “The safety issue is a big one,” says Joe Mahoney, who quickly discovered he wasn’t alone in his worries. On campus tours other parents voiced similar concerns, and the same question was always asked : what about crime? But when college officials always gave the same answer —“That’s not a problem here,” —Mahoney began to feel uneasy.“No crime whatsoever?” comments Mahoney today. “I just don’t buy it. ” Nor should he: in 1999 the U. S. Department of education had reent-count: 2.0; mports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses. “Parents need to understand that times have changed since they went to college,” says David Nichols, author of Creating a Safe Campus. “Campus crime mirrors the rest of the nation.”But getting accurate information isn’t easy. Colleges must report crime statistics(统计数字) by law, but some hold back for fear of bad publicity, leaving the honest ones lookin g dangerous. “The truth may not always be serious,” warms S. Daniel Carter of Security on Campus, Inc. , the nation’s leading campus safety watchdog group.To help concerned parents, Carter promised to visit campuses and talk to experts around the country to find out major crime issues and effective solutions. （1分）(1) The Mahoneys visited quite a few colleges last August ________ （0.2分）A.to express the opinions of many parentsB.to choose a right one four their daughterC.to check the cost of college educationD.to find a tight one near a large city标准答案：B(2) It is often difficult to get correct information on campus crime because some colleges ____ （0.2分）A.receive too many visitorsB.mirror the rest of the nationC.hide the truth of campus crimeD.have too many watchdog groups标准答案：C(3) The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means _______ （0.2分）A.mindB.admitC.believeD.expect标准答案：C(4) We learn from the text that “the honest ones” in the fourth paragra ph most probably refers to colleges _____. （0.2分）A.that are protected by campus securityB.that report campus crimes by lawC.that are free from campus crimeD.that enjoy very good publicity标准答案：B(5) What is the text mainly about? （0.2分）A.Exact campus crime statisticsB.Crimes on or around campusesC.Effective solutions to campus crimeD.Concerns about kids’campus safety标准答案：D3. Superman, Spider-Man, Batman and Iron Man ... .There is no shortage of superheroes. You find them in comic books, on the TV and the big screen.In a survey of fans by the sci-fi (科幻) and fantasy website, , Batman, 70 years old this year, was voted Britain's favorite superhero.Unlike many crime-fighting superheroes Batman has no special powers. He can't fly like Superman or shoot a sticky (粘性的) web like Spider-Man.Bruce Wayne is born to a wealthy Gotham City business family. However, when his parents are murdered his life changes completely.Wayne feels anger at their deaths and guilty that he did not prevent them. He travels around the world learning how to fight. Upon returning to Gotham, he creates a disguise (伪装) to enable him to fight crime without being recognized.A childhood fear of bats leads him to choose to dress as one. His idea is that through the bat persona (角色) he can prove to himself that he has overcome his childhood fears.Wayne is the CEO of the company he inherits (继承) from his father. He seems to live the lifestyle of a millionaire playboy. But this is a ruse (计策). He works hard at the image to allow himself the freedom he needs to do his work as a crime fighter. "Bruce Wayne, playboy" is the disguise; Batman is the real person."Wayne is not a born superhero. Instead, he is a real, complex person," said Dace Golder, editor of the website. "He is the most realistic of all the superheroes. I am particularly interested in the emotional process by which a boy becomes a hero. His superhero qualities come from within." （1分）(1) What is the article mainly about? （0.2分）A.How Bruce Wayne develops into a superhero.B.How to overcome childhood fears.C.What makes a superhero.D.Why superheroes enjoy great popularity in Britain.标准答案：A(2) Batman differs from other superheroes in that . （0.2分）A.he was not a born superheroB.he had an unhappy childhoodC.he doesn't have any special powersD.he does his best to fight crime标准答案：C(3) Bruce Wayne decides to dress like a bat because of . （0.2分）A.his curiosity about batsB.his childhood fear of batsC.his parents' sudden deathD.his unusual travel experiences标准答案：B(4) Why does Wayne live like a playboy? （0.2分）A.He prefers the lifestyle of a playboy.B.He doesn't know how to run a company.C.He loves freedom more than anything else.D.He needs to disguise his crime fighting activities.标准答案：D(5) Which of the following statements is true about Batman? （0.2分）A.Batman is a born superheroB.He has special powersC.The turning point of his life is due to his parents' sudden deathD.He actually lives the lifestyle of a millionaire playboy标准答案：C4. History is full of cases where dreams have been a pathway to creativity and discovery. A striking example is provided by Dr. Otto Loewi, a pharmacologist (药理学家) and winner of a Nobel Prize. Loewi had spent years studying the chemical transmission (传送) of nerve impulses (脉搏). A major breakthrough in his research came when he dreamed of an experiment three nights in a row. The first two nights he woke up and wrote down the experiment quickly and untidily on paper. But the next morning, he couldn't tell what the notes meant. On the third night, he got up after having the dream. This time, instead of making notes he went straight to his laboratory and performed the important experiment. Loewi later said that if the experiment had occurred to him while awake he would not have given it another thought.Loewi's experiment gives some insight into using dreams to produce creative solutions. Nervous feelings are reduced during dreaming, which may be especially useful in solving problems that require a fresh point of view. Being able to take advantage of dreams for solving is improved if you "set" yourself before retiring. Before you go to bed, try to think intently about a problem you wish to solve. Bury yourself in the problem by stating it clearly and reviewing all relevant information. Then use the suggestions listed in the previous section to catch your dreams. Although this method is not guaranteed to produce an original solution or a new insight, it is certain to be an adventure. About half of a group of college students using the method for a week recalled a dream that helped them solve a personal problem. （1分）(1) Through Loewi's experiment, the author tries to prove that . （0.2分）A.very little is really known about the meaning of dreamsB.it is possible to "catch" one's dreams by planning before going to sleepC.dreams can be useful in producing creative solutions to one's problemsD.it helped in the study of transmission of nerve impulses标准答案：C(2) The first paragraph is mainly organized by . （0.2分）A.classifying types of experimentsB.summarizing the work of one researcherparing and exploring historical casesD.telling in time order about one man's research标准答案：D(3) If Loewi had thought of the experiment while awake, he would have . （0.2分）A.asked someone else to do itB.thought it was a bad ideaC.tried it out on his ownD.thought it was a wise idea标准答案：B(4) The author probably thinks that . （0.2分）A.Loewi should not have conducted his experimentB.dreaming is of very little value to most peopleC.nervous feelings may stop someone thinking of useful ideasD.college students should not try out dream experiments标准答案：C(5) According to the passage, the author seems to be in favor of . （0.2分）A.seeking creative solutionsB.avoiding scientific experimentsC.nervous feelings before dreamsD.becoming a famous scientist标准答案：A5. Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.Text messages have exploded in popularity in re cent years,particularly among young people.The wireless industry’s trade association,CTIA,estimates (估计) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act,a 2006 federal law that requires improvement to the nation’s emergency alert system.The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before,and during,disasters and other emergencies,” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval of the plan.Participation in the alert system by carriers－telecommunications companies－is voluntary,but it has received solid support from the wireless industry.The program would be optional for cell phone users.They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.There would be three different types of messages,according to the rules.The first would be a national alert from the president,likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster.The second would involve “approaching threats”,which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings.The third would be reserved for child abduction (绑架) emergencies,or so-called Amber Alerts. The service could be in place by 2010. （1分）(1) What is the purpose of the approved plan? （0.2分）A.To warn people of emergencies via messages.B.To popularize the use of cell phones.C.To estimate the monthly number of messages.D.To promote the wireless industry.标准答案：A(2) The improvement to the present system is in the charge of . （0.2分）A.CTIAB.the Warning Alert and Response NetworkC.FCCD.federal regulators标准答案：C(3) The carriers’ participation in the system is determined by . （0.2分）A.the US federal governmentB.mobile phone usersC.the carriers themselvesD.the law of the United States标准答案：C(4) Which of the following is true of cell phone users? （0.2分）A.They must accept the alert service.B.They may enjoy the alert service for free.C.They must send the alerts to others.D.They may choose the types of messages.标准答案：B(5) An alert message will NOT be sent if . （0.2分）A.a child loses his wayB.a university shooting happensC.a natural disaster happensD.a terrorist attack occurs标准答案：A6. Negative （消极的）self talk and negative energy can affect you m many ways and cause you additional stress．Because of this，developing more Positive self talk’s an important way to reduce stress in your life．You can help yourself maintain a positive frame of mind 一which will help with positive self talk一by surrounding yourself with positive energy in your life．You can get that by adding some elements to your life．Listening to music that not only has a soothing melody，but an uplifting message，can be great for developing positive self talk．Have you e ver had a song “stuck in your head” for a few hours or days，the lyrics repeating themselves in your mind?’’ If those lyrics were positive and inspirational，that would be a good thing. It’s a much better mental soundtrack to have than a running stream of complaints，criticisms of self-limiting thoughts，or even songs that had more depressing or sad lyrics.Books on strength, personal power, enlightenment, or self help can be good resources to help you change your outlook and the things you say to yourself. Rather than bringing habitual self-defeating thoughts，you can find yourself thinking of new can-do concepts when times get tough．One of the most important ways you can get and keep positive energy in your life is with the company you keep．Do your friends uplift you，or bring you down? Are they critical，or complementary? Ideal friendships provide support when you’re down, fun when you’re up，wisdom when you’re lost，and positive regard. Good friends can inspire you to reach greater heights，and see your strength s even when you don’t always. Pay attention to how your friends make you feel，and if they’re less than supportive，start putting your energy and time toward people who are better suited to be your friend.In addition，positive affirmations （肯定） can certainly change your self talk from negative to positive．Now，why not begin working positive affirmations into your life in some creative ways? （1分）(1) What does the passage mainly talk about? （0.2分）A.Reducing stress by surrounding yourself with positive energy.B.Adding some elements to your life.C.Getting positive energy from the company you keep.D.Changing your self talk with positive affirmation.标准答案：A(2) How many ways does the author suggest to maintain a positive frame of mind? （0.2分）A.3．B.4．C.5．D.6．标准答案：B(3) If you have something “stuck in your head”. you probably _______________________. （0.2分）A.keep singing the same song for a long timeB.keep thinking of this thing all the timeC.regard the lyrics of a song as positiveD.are developing positive self-talk标准答案：B(4) According to the passage，your best company should be those who _____________________. （0.2分）A.uplift you or bring you downB.provide fun when you’re downC.encourage you to do things even betterD.are less than supportive标准答案：C(5) What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph? （0.2分）A.How negative self talk influences a person．B.How positive self talk reduces stress in one’s life．C.Some great ways of making great friends．D.Some creative ways of practicing affirmation．标准答案：D7. Since weeks ago，China has been involved a worldwide A/H 1 N 1 flu that has already killed more than 80 people in the middle of May，2009，in Mexico and has turned into a global pandemic.The central government has asked people entering China from the virus-hit countries to report flu-like symptoms(症状)to the authorities. In an emergency notice issued on Saturday night，the country’s top quality watchdog ordered the Customs to check passengers’ temperature，too.A Beijing airport official Li said Customs officers are on a high alert(警戒)level.“Three temperature detectors are now in operation. We’ re ready with protection garments and equipment，too. Passengers flying in from Mexico and other A/H1N1 flu-hit countries are being monitored closely，”he said.The Ministry of Health，however，said yesterday there was no evidence to suggest that a person would contract the disease by eating pork.Hong Kong，too，has raised its alert level against the flu to “serious”. Secretary for Food＆Health，Mr. York Chow urged people to avoid visiting places from where A/H1N1 flu cases have been reported，and said the virus would be added to Hong Kong’s list of the diseases which have been noticed.The terrible A/H1 N1 flu has been contracted by about 4000 people in Mexico，and most of the killed were aged between 25 and 45.The virus has also infected about 5000 people in the US. The US Center for Disease Control said this kind of virus is spreading from human to human，raising fears of a global pandemic. （1分）(1) What is the passage mainly about? （0.2分）A.A/H1N1 flu killed more than 80 people.B.A/H1N1 flu is spreading from human to human.C.China has begun to take steps to prevent A/H1N1 flu.D.All the people are strongly affected by A/H1 N1 flu.标准答案：C(2) The underlined word “pandemic” in the first paragraph probably means （0.2分）A.deathB.panicC.enemyD.disease标准答案：D(3) Why does the flu cause global fears? （0.2分）A.Because most people in the world eat pork.B.Because it’s spreading from human to human.C.Because we still don’t know the cause of it.D.Because it has infected about 5，000 people.标准答案：B(4) According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE? （0.2分）A.People would contract the A/H1N1 flu if they often eat pork.B.The virus of the A/H1N1 flu has infected people all over the world.C.People from AH1N1 flu—hit countries are all forbidden to enter China.D.People should avoid visiting places where A/H1N1 flu cases have been reported.标准答案：D(5) We can infer from the passage that . （0.2分）A.Students in the middle school are most likely infected by A/H1N1 flu.B.A person would be infected by the virus by eating pork.C.Passengers from the United States are being monitored closely.D.Mr. York Chow said that the virus had been added to Hong Kong’s list of the diseases.标准答案：C8. People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea.Erosion (侵蚀) of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home. （1分）(1) What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face? （0.2分）A.The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.B.The experts’ lack of knowledge.C.The rising of the sea level.D.The washing-away of limestone cliffs.标准答案：D(2) The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England ________. （0.2分）A.will soon become a problem for people living in central EnglandB.has now become a threat to the local residentsC.is quickly changing the map of EnglandD.can be stopped if proper measures are taken标准答案：B(3) The experts’ study on the problem of erosion can ________. （0.2分）A.lead to its eventual solutionB.provide an effective way to slow it downC.help to prevent it from worseningD.warn people whose homes are in danger标准答案：D(4) It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because ________. （0.2分）A.it is too costly and will endanger neighbouring areasB.the government is too slow in taking actionC.they will be easily knocked down by waves and currentsD.house agents along the coast do not support the idea标准答案：A(5) According to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of England, people should ________. （0.2分）A.be aware of the potential danger involvedB.guard against being cheated by the house agentC.take the quality of the house into considerationD.examine the house carefully before making a decision标准答案：A9. Americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general．Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian（百姓的）clothes．People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform．The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes．Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform．What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many practical benefits．They save on other clothes．They save on laundry bills．They are tax-deductible（可减税的）．They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them．Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement．When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems．Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes．Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes. （1分）(1) It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality _______. （0.2分）A.still judge a man by his clothesB.hold the uniform in such high regardC.enjoy having a professional identityD.will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform标准答案：B(2) People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform _______. （0.2分）A.suggests quality workB.discards his social identityC.appears to be more practicalD.looks superior to a person in civilian clothes标准答案：A(3) The chief function of a uniform is to _______. （0.2分）A.provide practical benefits to the wearerB.make the wearer catch the public eyeC.inspire the wearer’s confidence in himselfD.provide the wearer with a professional identity标准答案：D(4) According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _______. （0.2分）A.are usually helpfulB.have little or no individual freedomC.tend to lose their individualityD.enjoy greater popularity标准答案：C(5) The best title for this passage would be _______. （0.2分）A.Uniforms and SocietyB.The Importance of Wearing a UniformC.Practical Benefits of Wearing a UniformD.Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms标准答案：D10. Priscilla Ouchida’s “energy-efficient” house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,000, three-bedroom home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double-paned (双层玻璃的) windows and several other energy-saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however. Priscilla’s eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness.Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde (甲醛) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting.The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation’s drive to save energy. The problem itself isn’t new. “The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along,” says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. “Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases.”The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didn’t worry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom build up to dangerous levels. （1分）(1) It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas house ________. （0.2分）A.is well worth the money spent on its constructionB.is almost faultless from the point of energy conservationC.failed to meet energy conservation standardsD.was designed and constructed in a scientific way标准答案：B(2) What made the Ouchidas’ new house a horrible dream? （0.2分）ck of fresh air.B.Poor quality of building materials.C.Gas leakage in the kitchen.D.The newly painted walls.标准答案：A(3) The word “accentuate” (Line 4, Para. 3) most probably means “________”. （0.2分）A.relieveB.accelerateC.worsenD.improve标准答案：C(4) Why were cracks in old houses not a big concern? （0.2分）A.Because indoor cleanliness was not emphasized.B.Because energy used to be inexpensive.C.Because environmental protection was given top priority.D.Because they were technically unavoidable.标准答案：B。