汉译英词汇交通枢纽transportation hub文明风景旅游示范点model civilized scenic site杭州杭州，是我国著名的历史文化名城1，也是七大古都之一。
在元朝时期2，杭州成为东南重镇，经济繁荣，风景优美，被意大利旅行家马可·波罗赞叹为3“世界上最美丽华贵的天城”。
到明清，杭州社会经济文化发展仍处全国前茅。
中华人民共和国建立4以后，杭州是浙江省会，是全省政治、经济、文化中心和5交通枢纽6，西湖风景区也得到了前所未有的大规模修整，成为世界知名的风景旅游城市7。
去年杭州接待境外游客51万人次，旅游外汇收入2.1亿美元；接待国内游客2121万人次，国内旅游收入达到146亿元8。
杭州市荣获首批“中国优秀旅游城市”称号，西湖风景名胜区被命名为全国10个文明风景旅游示范点之一。
译文HangzhouHangzhou is a historically and culturally famous Chinese city (a famous historical and cultural city in China)1, reputed as one of seven major capitals from China’s ancient past (in the Chinese history).During the [period of] Yuan Dynasty2, Hangzhou was established as a town of strategic importance in southeast China, with a flourishing economy and beautiful scenery, being3, in the w ords of the Italian traveler Marco Polo, the “most beautiful and luxurious city in the world.” During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Hangzhou was still leading the way in economic, social and cultural development in China.After the founding4 (creation/birth) of the People’s Republic of China, Hangzhou became the capital of Zhejiang Province, functioning as the political, economic and cultural center as well as5 a transportation hub of [in]6the province. With the sightseeing area (sites/spot) of West Lake [being] renovated on an unprecedented scale, Hangzhou has become a city famous world wide for its scenic views7.Last year 510,000 overseas tourists visited Hangzhou, bringing in US$ 210 million, along with 21.21 million domestic tourists, earning the city 14.6 billion RMB (Hangzhou received 510 thousand overseas tourists, earning $ 210 million, along with 21.21 million domestic tourists, earning 14.6 billion RMB) 8. Hangzhou was selected (appraised as) one of the first group of “Top Tourist Cities of China,”and the West Lake Scenic Site (Spot) became one of the ten model civilized scenic sites in China.中国软件业的长足发展参考词汇盗版piracy泛滥rampant中国软件业的长足发展中国硬件业的发展取得了举世瞩目的成功。
在过去的五年中，中国的个人电脑销售额年增长率约为40%，成为亚洲地区乃至世界的一颗耀眼的明星。
过去的五年中，中国的软件业虽然也得到了发展，但从目前正在使用的计算机数量看来，软件业并未达到预期的增长。
与同一地区的其它国家相比，在中国，每台计算机的软件收入低得惊人。
而这却是衡量某个市场的软件业发展健康与否的一个重要标准。
中国软件业发展的主要挑战来自盗版软件的泛滥。
盗版是软件业所面临的一个全球性问题，没有一个国家能够幸免。
中国政府已经采取措施，加强法律制度、进一步明确并有效执行各种程序，为软件业的生存创造更加健康的环境。
在不久的将来，中国软件业有望得到更快发展。
汉译英参考译文Toward a Robust Chinese Software IndustryThe growth of the hardware industry in China is a worldwide success story. (China's thriving hardware industry is a success story recognized throughout the world.) With annual growth in PC sales of 40% over the past five years, China is the star of the Asian region and one of the bright lights around the world (and also a bright star in the global galaxy).While the software industry in China has also grown over the past five years, it has not seen the level of growth one would expect, given the number of PCs in use. (In the past five years growth of the Chinese software industry, though steady, has not been in proportion to the number of PCs.) Software revenue per PC, one measure of the health of the software industry in a market, is particularly (surprisingly) low in China compared to other countries in the region.The primary challenge to the development of the software industry in China is rampant software piracy. (Unrestrained software piracy continues as the primary challenge to progress in China's software industry.) Piracy is a worldwide concern of the software industry, and no country is immune.Fortunately, the Chinese government has taken steps to create a healthier environment for the software industry to survive, including stronger laws and regulations, clearer and more effective enforcement procedures. Thus the Chinese software industry is likely to develop faster in the near future.中华传统文化词汇儒家学说Confucianism孟子Mencius道家学说Taoism人民性的populist中华传统文化中华民族的传统文化博大精深、源远流长。
早在2000多年前，就产生了1以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派1，这就是2有名的“诸子百家”。
从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族传统文化有它的许多珍贵品，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。
比如，3强调4仁爱，强调群体，强调和而不同，强调天下为公。
特别是5“天下兴亡、匹夫有责”的爱国情操，“民为邦本”、“民贵君轻”的民本思想，“己所不欲，勿施于人”的待人之道，吃苦耐劳、6勤俭持家、尊师重教7的传统美德，世代相传。
所有这些，对家庭、国家和社会起到了巨大的维系与调节作用。
Traditional Chinese CultureThe traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 years ago, there emerged1 in China Confucianism represented by2 Confucius and Mencius, Taoism represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and many other [theories and] doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all2 being covered by the famous term (all under the well-known heading), “the masters’ hundred schools/the Master’s One Hundred Schools.”From Confucius to Dr. Sun Yat-sen (From the days of Confucius to the Sun Yat-sen era), the traditional Chinese culture (classic Chinese culture) presents (incorporates) many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For example, they (those concepts) 3 lay stress on4 the importance of kindness and love in human relations (love and kindness toward our fellow humans), on the interests (welfare) of the community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world is for all (a belief in one world for all mankind). Especially, from generation to generation (generation after generation) are taught these values: (such values as) 5patriotism as embodied in the saying (as proclaimed in the words,) “Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country”; the populist ideas that “People are the foundation of the country” and that “People are more important than the monarch”; the code of conduct of “Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you”; and the traditional virtues of endurance and hard work, 6diligence and frugality in household management (frugality/thrift and diligence in running a home/in housekeeping), and respecting teachers and valuing education (respect for teachers and education7). All these have played a great role in binding (unifying) and regulating the family, the country and society8 (the family, society and the nation).旅游的意义词汇娱乐recreation观国之光appreciating the landscape through sightseeing旅游的意义旅游是一种1集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。