简单句：1）主+ 不及物动词例如：I work.如：这些动词常见的有：appear, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise，act, come, go, work, last, grow, fall, cry, blow, disappear, appear, rise, ring,reduce, read, look, listen ,break等等。
如：The students work very hard.She apologized to me again.The accident happened yesterday evening.核心思想：1．因为不能够接宾语，所以接了宾语就错了。
没有被动语态2．可转化为及物动词，加了介词就好了。
有了被动语态，但有例外：belong to就没有。
3. 不及物动词的过去分词表示，完成而非被动。
The fallen leaves, the grown trees, the risen sun.4. 而现在分词表示进行，the rising sun, the falling leaves.2）主+ 系+ 表例如：John is busy.常见的联系动词：be， look， feel， seem， appear， smell， taste， sound， turn out become， get， grow， turn， fall， go， come， run核心思想：系动词是后边可以接形容词的动词。
还有半系词之说：smell, feel, sound, taste, look.和appear, turn out, 都没有被动语态。
3）主+ 及物动词+ 宾例如：She studies English.核心思想：及物动词后没有宾语就是错误的句子，其过去分词表示被动；而现在分词表示主动，进行。
如：The letter written in English is from England.The parents raised (抚养) their baby are busy with some cleaning.4）主+ 谓+ 间宾+ 直宾例如：His father gave him an apple。
通常的结构是：V. +近宾+远宾一介词是用于两个宾语之间。
(1) 接to 构成双宾语的：give, lend, bring, show, tell, write, send, hand, teach, offer, sell, promise, pass.He gave me a watch.He gave a watch to me.(2) 接for 构成双宾语的:buy, make, leave, do, choose, order, sing, winMy mother bought me a toy yesterday.My mother bought a toy for me yesterday.(3) 接of 构成双宾语的I will ask him a question.I will ask a question of him.二某些动词必须加介词才能够构成双宾语结构(1)加of构成accuse, warn, inform, rob, cheat, remind, cure, persuade, convince They robbed me of my watch. He was accused of having committed crime.(2)加for构成：ask, forgive, punish, praise, excuse, search, scold, thank, mistake, Please excuse me for being late.(3)加from构成：prevent, discourage, save, keep, protect, stop, free, distract,He freed me from debt.He was protected from being hurt by his step-mother.(4)加with构成：furnish，provide, favor, bother, supply, help, present, trust, arm, charge,He provided me with a job.A special one: explainHe explained the reason to me.He explained me about the reason.offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb.furnish sb./sth. with sth.= furnish sth. to sb./sth.supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to /for sb.provide sb. (with) sth. =provide sth. to/for sb.5）主+ 及物动词+ 宾+ 宾补例如：Time would prove me right.英语中,有些动词接了宾语之后,还需在其后加上一个词或短语来补充说明其状态、特征、身份、动作等,使得句子意思完整。
这种“宾语+宾语补足语”结构叫作复合宾语,其特点在于宾语与宾补具有逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。
归纳起来,复合宾语主要有以下几种类型：A、主+ 及物动词+宾语+名词(或代词)该结构常用到的动词有：name, find, call, make, elect, find, choose, think, leave, keep, consider等。
如：We call this kind of flower rose.They made/ elected him monitor.We found him a suitable man for the job.You must keep it a secret.B、主+ 及物动词+宾语+形容词常用于该结构的动词有：think, believe, find, leave, drive, make, keep, leave, turn, wish, get,等。
例如：Who left/ kept the door open/closed?L et’s get everything ready in time.I found him dead the next morning.C.主+ 及物动词+宾语+不定式充当宾语的不定式有以下三种类型：1．动词不定式必须带to。
这类动词有tell, ask, order, like, wish, want, expect, invite等等。
如：Jim asked/ told/ ordered me to keep the room clean and orderly.We invited him to visit our school.2．动词不定式不得带to。
这类动词集中在look at, see, listen to, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe等感官动词(被动时，要还原to)和let, make, have等部分使役动词两方面。
例如：I often hear him sing in the next room.I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.。
The story made us laugh.3．动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略。
例如：Could you help me (to) carry this box?D.主+ 及物动词+宾语+现在分词可跟现在分词作宾补的动词多为感官动词和某些使役动词。
感官动词后接不带to的不定式作宾补,表示宾语和宾补的动作全过程,即不定式这一动作发生过或发生了; 而现在分词作宾补则表示宾语和宾补的动作正在进行。
试比较：She noticed/found him getting on the tractor. 她注意到(发现)他正爬上拖拉机。
(=She noticed/found that he was getting on it.)She noticed him get on the tractor and drive it off. (=She noticed that he got on it and drove it off.)另举几例：He felt his heart beating fast. Do you smell anything burning?Please get the clock going.He left all the windows open for half an hour.The news left everybody depressedHe was sleeping in the room, leaving the door open.His parents died early , leaving him an orphan.Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.They covered him with a blanket , only leaving his eyes exposed.注意：find后的宾补通常不用to do,但是可以用to be。
E.主+ 及物动词+宾语+过去分词如果说感官动词和部分使役动词后作宾补的现在分词与宾语之间表达主动关系的话,作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间则为被动关系。
试比较：I won’t have anyone saying so.I won’t have anything said against him.Please get the light burning and don’t get your hands burnt.还有部分使役动词(如make, have)后的复合宾语若为主动关系,需用动词原形,若为被动关系,仍用过去分词。
如：I’ll have him repair my bike.I’ll have /get my bike repaired.Speak louder so that you can make yourself heard.。
另外, get, wish, want等动词后的宾补,动词不定式表达主动关系,被动关系则用过去分词。