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英语课堂教学的分析

(1) Greet the students and talk about milk shake with the following questions: (Realia: a box of milk, banana milk shake, some bananas, a blender, a knife, a glass) “What’s this?” (Bb: shake) “Do you often have banana milk shake?” “Do you like it?” “How does it taste?” “Do you know how to make it?” “What do we need if we want to make it?” (Bb: milk, bananas, a blender etc…) (2) Task instruction: To learn how to make a banana milk shake.
3. Language
input(语言输入话语) 语言输入话语) discourse(知识建构话语) 知识建构话语) discourse(课堂管理话语) 课堂管理话语)
为学生提供的语言输入,如示范、举例、领读、叙事。 为学生提供的语言输入,如示范、举例、领读、叙事。
4. Construction
帮助学生思考和建构知识的话语,如提问、讲解、反馈等。 帮助学生思考和建构知识的话语,如提问amp; learning skills: (1) Listen to identify and to note
down the right instructions for making a banana milk shake with the transition phrases, e.g., first,… then…next …finally … (2) Practice giving the instructions orally & following the instructions with quick responses.
in instructions for making a banana milk shake with the following verb phrases: peel bananas, cut up the bananas, put the bananas into the phrases: blender, pour the milk into the blender and turn on the blender …
5. Classroom-management
维持正常课堂教学秩序和调动学生参与时使用的话语。 维持正常课堂教学秩序和调动学生参与时使用的话语。
课堂话语分析要点
1. 教师尽量使用参考性问题,尽量减少展示性问题,以利 教师尽量使用参考性问题 尽量减少展示性问题 参考性问题, 展示性问题, 于鼓励学生独立思考、表达真实思想,接近真实交际; 于鼓励学生独立思考、表达真实思想,接近真实交际 2. 反馈时教师主要应对学生发言的内容做出反馈和评价, 反馈时教师主要应对学生发言的内容做出反馈和评价, 内容做出反馈和评价 只要学生使用的语言形式不影响正常交际, 只要学生使用的语言形式不影响正常交际,一般不针对 语言形式进行反馈; 语言形式进行反馈 3. 教师在解释、提问和发出指令时,应根据需要进行适当 教师在解释、提问和发出指令时, 重复或语言调整,比如重新措辞、简化、 地重复或语言调整,比如重新措辞、简化、使用口语化 语言,使用自然停顿、等待等交际手段, 语言,使用自然停顿、等待等交际手段,给学生留下思 考的时间; 考的时间 4.尝试与学生进行意义协商,根据需要请学生澄清和重复, 尝试与学生进行意义协商,根据需要请学生澄清和重复, 尝试与学生进行意义协商 鼓励学生插话或提问; 鼓励学生插话或提问 5.自然转换交流话轮,尽可能让每位学生都有交流机会。 自然转换交流话轮,尽可能让每位学生都有交流机会。 自然转换交流话轮
Step 2 Watch and learn (Presentation) (注意 注意) 注意
T. demonstrates how to make a banana milk shake with her selfselfinstructions: first, peel the bananas, then, cut up the bananas, then, put the bananas into the blender, next, pour the milk into the blender and finally, turn on the blender … (Bb: peel, cut up, (Bb: pour/put… into, turn on), Ss watch, listen and say the verbs on), after the T. (了解) 2. T. gives short instructions with 5 pictures (① peel, ② cut up, ③ put … into the blender, (with teaspoon) ④ pour … into the blender, blender, blender, ⑤ turn on the blender) and Ss listen and see if the blender) teacher put the pictures on Bb in right order (T. deliberately mixed them. (识别) 3. Ss say the 5 verbs (peel, cut up, pour/put… into, turn on) on Bb on) aloud by actions. (操练) 4. Ss write the 5 verbs in the blanks in the pictures (1a). (确认) 1.
2. Volunteer groups demonstrate their action chains in the order, the rest of Ss listen & assess. If they find something wrong in the order or the transition words (first, then or next, finally), they can stop the action by saying: (集体展示) 3. Class Action chain: each team plays the role as above and say how to make a banana milk shake together. (分享) 分享) 4. T’s comments on the teams’ work in the competition. (评价) 评价)
课堂话语 (Classroom Discourse) Discourse)
教师话语所占课堂学时70%到80% (Nunan, 1991),教师的课堂 到 教师话语所占课堂学时 , 话语使用是否得当直接关系到能否有效帮助学生建构知识( 话语使用是否得当直接关系到能否有效帮助学生建构知识(有利于 学生学习,符合学生认知规律)。 学生学习,符合学生认知规律)。
1. Introduction
discourse(内容介绍话语): 内容介绍话语)
介绍该课的主要内容、目的或介绍话题及背景知识的主要话语; 介绍该课的主要内容、目的或介绍话题及背景知识的主要话语;
2. Instructions(课堂指令话语) 课堂指令话语)
组织教学时说的话,如介绍教学活动的步骤、要求等; 组织教学时说的话,如介绍教学活动的步骤、要求等;宣布活动开 结束等; 始、结束等;
Step 4 Action Chain (尝试的思维方式:记忆 尝试的思维方式: 尝试的思维方式 记忆) 1. Work in teams: Ss do the action chain as follows:
A: How do you make a banana milk shake, first? B: Peel the bananas, then? C: Cut up the bananas, then? D: Put the bananas into the blender, then? E: Pour the milk into the blender, then? F: Turn on the blender, finally? G: Pour the milk shake in a glass and drink it. (小组操练 小组操练) 小组操练
TTR英语教师培训 TTR英语教师培训 主题七 (Topic 7) 7)
英语课堂教学的分析
海南师范大学外语学院
2009. 11. 7
内容提要
1. 课堂教学分析的基本途径 2. 课堂教学评价与话语分析案例
Lesson 1, Unit 7 (J2A)
课堂话语分析的定义 种类与功能, 分析的定义、 3. 课堂话语分析的定义、种类与功能, 基本分析方式 课堂决策分析的基本内容 4. 课堂决策分析的基本内容 5. 课堂教学分析的目的与教师反思
Step 3 Listen & do (practice through listening) (理解)
1. 1-2 Ss respond to the teacher’s instructions(complete ones)by action (make a banana milk shake as the T. did), the rest of Ss describe what they are doing with T’s Qs: How do they make a 注意) banana milk shake, first, … then, … then, … finally? (注意 注意 2. (2) Ss read the instructions in the box (1b on Page 41) and get ready for listening to the dialogue between 2 boys who are talking about how to make a banana milk shake. (预测 预测) 预测 3. (3) Listen to the dialogue and number the instructions. (理解记录 理解记录) 理解记录 4. (4) Listen again and read the script after the tape, underline the instructions and then check the numbers. (理解检测 理解检测) 理解检测 5. (5) Report the correct order of the instructions by saying them one by one in chorus. (归纳 归纳) 归纳
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