绍兴文理学院元培学院学年学期英语专业____级《高级英语（上）》试卷（D）I. Matching (10%)Directions: Match the phrases in Column A with the appropriate Chinese explanations in Column B. Write down the letters with corresponding numbers on your ANSWER SHEET.Column A Column B1 attribute to A 实行，实现，使生效2 fall into B 一事无成，无进展3 put … into effect C 恰当的例子4 meddle in D 插手，干涉5 pass for E 归因于6 a case in point F 落入，陷入，分为7 get nowhere G 误认为8 in proper perspective H 强加于9 let down I 用恰当的观点10 impose on J 放下，降低，使失望II. Paraphrase (20%)Directions: Explain in English the meaning of the underlined words or expressions in each of the following sentences and then write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.11. Unfortunately, acceptance, the imprecise response packing the least educational punch, gets the most equitable sex distribution in classrooms.12. Classroom chivalry is not only misplaced; it is detrimental.13. In a railroad accident a menagerie-tiger, whose cage had broken open, is said to have emerged, but presently crept back again.14. A practical joker saw a discharged veteran carrying home his dinner.15. The tiger is said to have emerged, but presently crept back again, as if too much bewildered by his new responsibilities.16. The relationship is a formal and formalized one for which conventionalities suffice.17. The construction of our vehicle presupposes a design. 18. This confident attitude, so essential to development of future speaking skill, is very fragile and can be stifled quite early.19. The lion’s share of the damage is man’s doing.20. I can guess that you are living on a devastated Earth.21. Government is supposed to be the way we human beings handle our collective affairs, but we just can’t seem to get the hang of it.22. As a model of lucid scrutiny of a life’s experience, Maugham’s The Summing-Up is unsurpassed.23. I have never had to put wet towels round an aching brain in order to excavate the meanings from a poem of Tennyson.24. Religious groups and those who elevate the status of poverty as they equate money with evil exhort us to live simply.25. Some, on the other hand, determine to break out of their fettered status and relentlessly strive for their share of the gold.26. Many fine business ideas go down the drain in this way.27. They develop skills, become knowledgeable, develop expertise, and work very hard.28. Jukes had been somewhat taken aback by the startling viciousness of the first squall.29. Such is the prestige, the privilege, and the burden of command.30. It unveiled the black figuresof men caught on the bridge, heads forward, as if petrified in the act of butting.III. Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneYou may not have thought of it just this way, but the letter you write is part of you, and expression of your personality. Therefore to write letters that are mere patterns of form is to present a colorless personality.Letters, by their very nature, are too individual to be standardized. A letter may be absolutely perfect according to the standards of good taste and good form; but unless it also expresses something of the writer’s personality, it is not a good letter.In other words, don't be satisfied to write letters that are just correct and nothing more. Try to write letters that are correct for you... letters that are warm and alive with reflections of your own personality.And if this sounds like a platitude (陈词滥调), stop for a moment and think back over your recent correspondence. What was the most interesting letter you received? Was it a letter anyone could have written? Or was it a letter that instantly “came alive”as you read it—that brought the personality of the sender right into the room with you.as though you were face to face, listening instead of reading?The fault with too many letters, today as in the past—the reason so many letters are dull and lifeless, and often fail to accomplish the purpose for which they are written is simply this: They sound exactly like the letters everyone else writes. They are neither exciting to receive nor stimulating to read.31. What does the author mean by saying “the letter you write is part of you”?A. Writing letters plays an important part in your life.B. When you write letters, you should be careful about what to write.C. People can see your personality from the letters you write.D. You should write good letters.32. What does the author want to explain in the fourth paragraph?A. A good letter presents one’s personality.B. His opinion is a platitude.C. Letter-writing is interesting.D. Talking face to face is a better way to communicate than writing letters33. The best title for the passage is___________.A. Letter WritingB. Personality in Letter WritingC. To Write Interesting LettersD. To Write Correct LettersPassage Two“White hostility toward African Americans, and the resulting discrimination, have been fueled by a sense of threat. During slavery, many working-class whites, encouraged by slaveholders, feared the release of large numbers of blacks into the labor market and society in general. When northern industries used African Americans as strikebreakers in the first decades of this century, white workers feared the loss of their jobs. Today, many white Americans fear “black violence”. Moreover, specific fears about the “costs”of welfare as well as the “taking” of jobs through affirmative action have added to the fear of black violence.These fears have translated into negative stereotypes of African Americans as a people who are prone to crime and violence, unwilling to work, and a drain on the white taxpayer through their welfare dependency. In turn, these stereotypes have been used to justify informal discrimination, to prevent the help to the urban poor, to be negligent in enforcing laws or policies prohibiting discriminatory practices against black workers, and most important, to hesitate in making a serious effort at job creation for African Americans. The result is that African Americans’ share of valued resources has not increased much over the last two decades, even as formal discrimination has been greatly lessened. This fact is used to further the negative belief that African Americans have “not taken advantage of their equal opportunities.”34. According to the passage, how did the northern industries make use of AfricanAmericans in 1900s?A. Sent them to ask the strikers to go back to work.B. Made them work very hard.C. Employed them to threaten the white strikers.D. Released them into the labor market.35. What is the ill influence of these negative stereotypes?A. Giving help to the poor black.B. Justifying informal discrimination.C. Enforcing laws prohibiting discriminatory practices against black workers.D. Creating opportunities of employment for the black.36. What can be inferred from “a drain on the white taxpayer”about the AfricanAmericans?A. They are unwilling to work.B. They never pay tax.C. They lack security.D. Their welfare depends on the white’s tax.37. The author wrote the passage to tell us__________.A. African Americans pose a threat to the whites in employmentB. African Americans are dependent on the tax paid by the whitesC. African Americans are discriminated against because they are often on strikeD. the sense of threat intensifies the white’s hospitality and discrimination againstthe African AmericansPassage ThreeOn the face of it, Hobart is a strange place in which to write a book about postmodernization. It is the capital of Tasmania, the smallest, most southerly and only island states of Australia. It is situated on the estuary of the river Derwent, and we look down the estuary from our offices to the expanse of the Southern Ocean which extends, uninterrupted by land, to Antarctic. Tasmania’s extreme social conservatism. What are coyly referred to as ‘homosexual acts’ remain illegal in the state, and condom vending machines only recently ceased to be so. By contrast, guns (unlike fireworks) are readily available to anyone over the age sixteen with the money to pay for them. But this is not the whole story about Tasmania. Hobart is indistinguishable in many respects from any other late modern, or early postmodern city. Its suburbs nestle around air-conditioned shopping malls; its urban landscape is dotted with the familiar icons of Kentucky FriedChicken, McDonald’s and Pizza Hut outlets; its radio and television stations transmit sounds and images which could be instantly recognized in Melbourne, Miami or Manchester. There are even senses in which Tasmania sets the pace of global change. The united Tasmania Group of the 1970s has a claim to be the world’s first ‘green’political debate, and the present date Labor administration holds office only with the support of a group of green parliamentarians. In short, ‘marginality’is no longer an entirely self-evident category. We have found the paradoxical and volatile mix of past, present and possible futures which marks out state to be a suggestive background for our reflections on postmodernizing change, which seems simultaneously to disrupt, accelerate and reverse the developmental logic of modernization.In another, more immediate sense our teaching and research has formed the context from which the book has emerged. It became clear to us that our diverse interests in culture, state, inequality, social movement, organizations and science were converging in a concern with patterns of change in contemporary advanced societies. From this realization came the idea for a book in which a general account of postmodernizing change would be put to work in our individual areas of interest. While the book is conceived as much more than a series of unconnected essays, we have not attempted to apply the general account in a rigid, mechanistic way. The reader will find that different dimensions of postmodernizing processes are emphasized in different chapters according to the peculiarities of the subject matter. The greater part of chapter 1 was designed and written by Waters, although Crook and Pakulske also contributed sections and proposed amendments to successive drafts. The other chapters have been subjected to a rather exhaustive process of collective revision. Crook bears responsibility for Chapter 2, 7, and 8; Pakulsi for Chapter 3 and 5; and Waters for Chapters 4 and 6.38. In what sense is Hobart “strange”?A. It is the smallest capital of Australia.B. It is the only island state situated on the estuary.C. There seems to be a contradiction between Hobart and postmodernization.D. It is the place where both conservatism and fashion are existing.39. Which of the following is NOT true of Hobart?A. Social conservatism is represented by the people rejection of behaviors such ashomosexuality.B. There are many similarities between Hobart and any other modern city.C. People’s tolerance toward guns is an indication of their extreme socialconservatism.D. The postmodernizing change manifests itself in what has been happening in thestate.40. It can be inferred that one of the most important features of postmodernization is__________.A. marginalityB. globalizationC. conservatismD. paradox41. Which word can replace “volatile”?A. changingB. consistentC. versatileD. violent42. The best title for this article may be ____A. A Self-contradictory PlaceB. Prevailing PostmodernizationC. Happenings in the Remotest SeaD. Preface to Postmodernization Passage Four“People thought of themselves as having rights from companies,”said Hoshua Freeman, a labor historian at Columbia University. That sense of entitlement grew even stronger in the early decades after World War II and collective bargaining became the arena for arguing out wages, pensions, health insurance, vacations, hours and job security.That system is disappearing today. Career-long attachments to one employer, a notion born in the 1920’s, are no longer the .norm. The new class-consciousness makes less distinction between workers and managers. Rights are relative, at best. An increasingly conservative electorate has reduced government’s role in regulating the economy. Unions have lost influence and membership.What people do is try to cope, by themselves, said Mrs. Skelly, of DYG. Self-employment is one solution, DYG’s polls show, and that is a rising trend. “They try, on the job, to hide any weakness in their performance,”she said. “They work longer hours and take work home, without letting the boss know, to give the impression that they can do difficult tasks quickly. There is nothing like, ‘we are all in this together.’ There is too much competition. People talk of their weakness to friends and spouses, but not to coworkers.”And many Americans feel in their hearts that the unemployment might be justified. “There is a sense among people that we are inefficient and bloated,” Mrs. Skelly said. “And until they feel that is no longer true, they are reluctant to criticize the forces that are cutting out the fat and the inefficiencies.”43. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ___________.A. people do not enjoy their rights nowadaysB. people are more likely to change their jobs than they were in the 1920’sC. workers and managers share the same rights todayD. nowadays, people refuse to take part in the Union44. According to Mrs Skelly, which of the following is true?A. People like to work overtime.B. People want to work at home.C. People want to impress the boss with their capability and efficiency.D. People need help from their families, for they cannot cope with difficultproblems themselves.45. The main idea of the passage is___________.A. people thought of themselves as having rights from companiesB. people’s sense of entitlement is not as strong as it used to beC. people work at homeD. people regard unemployment as usualIV. Proofreading and Error Correction(10%)Proofread the given passage on your ANSWER SHEET as instructed.V. General Knowledge (10%)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.56. The largest city in Australia is ___________.A. SydneyB. MelbourneC. CanberraD. Perth57. Which branch of American government has the power to interpret the Constitution?A. The Supreme CourtB. The PresidentC. The Two HousesD. The Senate58. The head of State of New Zealand is represented by ____________.A. the Prime MinisterB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British MonarchD. the Ombudsman59. Among the most typical English sports, having been in existence since the 16thcentury, it is _______.A. cricketB. rugbyC. boxingD. football60. In_____ , the chaos of the contemporary world and the despair of westerners afterthe first world war are expressed.A. Ode to the West WindB. The Waste LandC. I Wandered Lonely as a CloudD. Tess of the D’Urbervilles61. It is generally regarded that Keats’s most important and mature poems are in theform of .A. elegyB. odeC. epicD. sonnet62. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by _____________.A. Scott FitzgeraldB. Eugene O’NeilC. William FaulknerD. Ernest Hemingway63. Transformational-generative grammar (TGG) is ___________’s great contribution tolinguistics development.A. SaussureB. HallidayC. BloomfieldD. Chomsky 64. Which of the following words is a blend?A. Disco.B. LaserC. Motel.D. AIDS65. Cold and Hot are ________ antonyms.A. gradableB. complementaryC. relationalD. contrastive VI. Translation (10%)1) Directions: Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on your ANSWER SHEET. (10%)大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。