typical ['tipikəl] a. 典型的dw eller['dwelə(r)] n. 居民Con tinent ['kɔntinənt] n. 大陆,洲ante lope ['æntiləup] n. 羚羊pro ng [prɔŋ] n. 叉状物,耙子,干草耙ho rn [hɔ:n] n. 喇叭n.(牛、羊等的)角, 喇叭, 触角2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？['heili:]哈雷comet ['kɔmit] n. 慧星cen tury ['sentʃuri, -tʃəri] n. 世纪3.Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
anthropologist[ænθrə'pɔlədʒist] n. 人类学家u niversally [ju:ni'və:səli] ad. 普遍地re flected [ri'flektid] a. 反射的,得自他人的facial ['feiʃəl] a. 面部的ex pression [iks'preʃən] n. 表达,表示,表现,表情,措辞,词句4. Becau se of its irrit ating effec t on human s, the use of pheno l as a gener al antis eptic has been largely discontinued.4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
irritating ['iri,teitiŋ] a. 刺激的,使愤怒的,气人的effect [i'fekt] n. 结果,影响,效果phe nol[fi：nɔl] 苯酚ant iseptic n. 杀菌剂,防腐剂di scontinue ['diskən'tinju(:)] v. 搁下,中止,停止5. In group to remai n in exist ence, a profi t-makin g organ izati on must, in the long run, produ ce somet hing consumers consider useful or desirable.5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
existence [ig'zistəns] n. 存在,生存pro fit ['prɔfit] n. 利润,赢利,利益org anization [,ɔ:gənai'zeiʃən] n. 机构,组织con sumer [kən'sju:mə] n. 消费者,用户use ful ['ju:sful] a. 有用的de sirable [di'zaiərəbl] a. 令人想要的6. The great er the popul ation there is in a local ity, the great er the need there is for water, trans porta tion, and disposal of refuse.6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
population [,pɔpju'leiʃən] n. 人口loc ality [ləu'kælit i] n. 地方,所在,位置tra nsportation[,træns pɔ:'teiʃən] n. 运输,运输系统,运输工具disposal [dis'pəuzəl] n. 处理,消除,销毁,处置7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expre ssions that only obscure one’s meaning.directly [di'rektli, dai'rektli] ad. 直接地(立即,完全)effectively [i'fektivli] ad. 有效地em ploy [im'plɔi] 雇用,使用flo wery ['flauəri] a. 多花的,绚丽的,华丽的va gue [veig] a. 模糊的,不明确的,说话含糊不清的obs cure [əb'skjuə] a. 微暗的,难解的,不著名的8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warme r, less severe interiors.8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。
mechanized['mekənaizd] a. 呆板的,机械的de signer[di'zainə] n. 设计者at tempt[ə'tempt] v.&n. 企图,试图vt. 尝试,试图per sonalize['pə:sənəlaiz] 个人化se vere[si'viə]a. 剧烈的,严重的,严峻的,严厉的,严格的in terior [in'tiəriə] a. 内部的,内地的,国内的,在内的9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.9.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。
libel ['laibəl] n. 以文字损害名誉,诽谤罪,侮辱v. 诽谤,中伤,损害名誉s lander ['slɑ:ndə] n. 中伤,毁谤spo ken ['spəukən] a. 口头的,口语的10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。
knee[ni:] n. 膝,膝盖joi nt[dʒɔint] a. 联合的,共同的n. 关节,接合处v. 连接,贴合thi gh[θai] n. 大腿11 Acids are chemi cal compo unds that, in water solut ion, have a sharp taste, a corro sive actio n on metal s, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.11.酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红acid['æsid] a. 酸的com pound ['kɔmpaund] n. 混合物,复合字so lution[sə'lju:ʃən] n. 解答,解决办法,溶解,溶液cor rosive[kə'rəusiv] a. 腐蚀的,腐蚀性的,蚀坏的me tal ['metl] n. 金属,质料veg etable ['vedʒitəbl] a. 蔬菜的,植物的dy e [dai] n. 染料,染色v. 染,染色12. Billi e Holid ay’s reput ation as a great jazz-blues singe r rests on her abili ty to give emoti onal depthto her songs.12. Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。
holiday['hɔlədi, 'hɔlidei] n. 假期,假日rep utation [,repju(:)'teiʃən] n. 名誉,名声jaz z [dʒæz] n. 爵士乐blues[blu:z] n. 勃鲁斯歌曲(一种伤感的黑人民歌)singer['sindʒə] n. 歌手emo tional[i'məuʃənl] a. 感情的,情绪的de pth[depθ] n. 深度13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.13.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达.essentially[i'senʃəli] ad. 本质上,本来the ory['θiəri] n. 理论abs tract ['æbst rækt] n. 摘要a. 抽象的sy mbolic [sim'bɔlik]n. 代号a. 象征的,符号的re presentation [,reprizen'teiʃən] n. 表示法,表现,陈述con ceive [kən'si:v]v. 构思,以为,怀孕rea lity[ri(:)'æliti] n. 现实,实际,真实Long befor e child ren are able to speak or under stand a langu age, they commu nicat e throu gh facia l expre ssions and by making noises.14.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。