Contents for review 1. Terminologies.Insurance coverage 保险险别WPA（with particular average）水渍险All risk 一切险（全险）Insurance premium 保险费Special additional risks特别附加险Favorable exchange 顺汇Crossed check 划线支票Inland waterway transport内陆河运Container freight station集装箱货运站Mail transfer (M/T) 信汇Telegraphic transfer (T/T)电汇Salvage charges救助费Insurance value (insured amount) 投保金额FPA(free from particular average) 太平险. Landing account卸货报告Ocean carriage (marine transportation)海运Conference line vessel 公会班轮Shipping conference 航运公会Demand draft (D/D) 票汇Basic coverage 基本险别Documentary collection 跟单托收Remitting bank 汇款银行(托收银行) Initial signature 初签Clean collection 光票托收Counter signature 复签Account current 往来帐户Falsely claimed 冒领To bearer 付来人Certificate of dishonor拒付证书Prior endorser 前手Subsequent party 后手Bill of exchange 汇票Financial standing (status) 财务状况Creditworthiness 信用度Registered capital 注册资本Balance sheet 资产负债表Days of grace 宽限天数Business convention商业习惯Discount rate 贴现率Endorsement 背书Insurer保险人Insurance broker保险经纪人Marine insurance海上保险Perils of sea海上固有风险Extraneous risks 外来风险Fortuitous accident 意外事故Theft and pilferage 偷窃Taint of odor 串味Hook damage 钩损Fresh and/or rain water damage 淡水雨淋险Short-delivery 短交Shortage in weight短量Actual total loss实际全损Constructive total loss 推定全损Promissory note 本票Drawee 付款人Payee 收款人Settlement of payment 付款结算Financial instrument 金融工具General average 共同海损Particular average 单独海损Sue and labor expenses施救费Shipping agent海运代理Forwarding agent货运代理Operating cost营业成本Initial cost开办费用Adverse exchange逆汇Paid-up capital实交资本Overdraft透支Target costing 目标成本计算法Extra charges on over lengths超长货物附加费Time charter定期租船Bare boat charter光船租船Consolidated consignment拼货装运Full container load整箱货Less than container load拼箱货Variable cost 变动成本Cost of production 生产成本Skimming price strategy 先高后低价格策略Selling cost 销售成本Floating exchange rate 浮动汇率Hedge 套期保值Forward market 远期市场Break- even point 保本点（损益两平点）Money of account 计价货币Marginal cost 边际成本Money of payment 支付货币Commission 佣金High-definition 高清晰度Soft currency 软货币Spot market 现货市场Brokerage houses 经纪人Hard currency 硬通货、硬货币Non-conference line vessel非公会班轮Tramp ship不定期货船General cargo vessels杂货船Container vessels集装箱船Ro/Ro vessels 滾装船LASH（lighter aboard ship）载驳船（子母船）Charter ships租船V oyage charter定程租船Lay days装卸天数Demurrage charge滞期费Dispatch money速遣费Shipper托运人Carrier承运人Special surcharge特别附加费Extra charges on heavy lifts超重货物附加费Shipload整船货Deviation en route绕航或偏航Discount 折价Appropriate allocation 合理分摊Claimant 索赔人Insurance policy 保险单Insurance certificate 保险凭证（小保单）Open policy 预约保单Insured 被保险人Underwriter 保险公司Insurance Premium 保险费Gross weight 毛重More or less clause 溢短装条款Customs formalities 海关手续Neutral packing 中性包装Counter sample 对等货样Inspection certificate of quality 品质检验证明ship rail 船舷Multimodal transport 多式联运Line vessel 班轮2.Sentences1. A bill of exchange is defined as an unconditional order in writing signed by the drawer andaddressed to the drawee to pay a certain sum of money to the payee.1.The drawer is one who draws or issues the bill of exchange.2.Payee of the bill of exchange is the creditor of the bill of exchange.3.Sight draft is a commercial bill of exchange that requires payment to be made as soon as it ispresented to the party obligated to pay.4.The time draft is a commercial bill of exchange calling for payment to be made at some timeafter delivery.mission refers to the money received by an agent for his intermediary service.6.Discount is a certain percent of price reduction, a special favor given by the exporter to theimporter.7.Hard currency means currency that is reliable and sable and more in demand.8.Soft currency means currency that is not readily convertible to gold, or into other currencies,and that is unstable in value.9.Insurance broker is the middleman in insurance business.10.The insured refers to the one who buys insurance from the insurer or the insurance company.11.Insurer is the party to the insurance contract who promise to indemnity losses or providesservice.12.Total loss is further divided into actual total loss and constructive total loss.13.Actual total loss means the complete loss of the insured cargo in value.14.Constructive total loss may occur if the cargo is not actually lost, but is so seriously damagedas to make the goods any use for the purpose for which they were originally intended.15.The recommended minimum insured amount is the total CIF value plus 10% for other feesand normal margin of profit.16.The liners run fixed schedules, follow fixed routes and charge standard rate.17.Tramp ship follows no firm schedule, have no regular routes or times and sail off to where thegoods are available.18.Port of shipment is the port where goods are shipped and depart.19.Port of destination is the port at which goods are ultimately discharged.20.Partial shipment means shipping the commodity under one contract in more than one lot.21.Transshipment mean when there is no direct ship between the port of shipment and the port ofdestination, or no suitable ships available at that particular period, the goods have to be transferred from one ship to another at an intermediate port.22.Demurrage is an extra charge a shipper pays for detaining a freight car or ship beyond timepermitted for loading or unloading.23.Dispatch money is an amount paid by a vessel’s operator to a charterer if loading or unloadingis completed in less time than stipulated in the charter agreement.24.Bill of lading is a document issued by the shipping company after the goods are actuallyshipped on board the designated vessel.25.Blank B/L also called open B/L or bearer B/L, means that there is no definite consignee of thegoods.26.Under FOB, the seller must give the buyer prompt shipping advice as the goods are shippedon board the vessel.28. Advantages of containerization include less handling of cargo, more protection againstpilferage, and reduced cost of shipping.29. When an order is received from abroad, the exporter gets the goods ready for the shipment.30. A trade surplus occurs when the value of the country’s exports exceeds that of itsimports31. The payee of the bill of exchange is the creditor of the bill of exchange. He is entitled to askthe drawee for the payment.32. Insurance certificate is the simplified version of the insurance policy serving the same functions in the transaction.33. Gross for net means that goods are priced by gross weight instead of net weight.34. Remittance refers to transfer of funds from one party to another among different countries through banks.35. Endorsement is done when the payee has signed his name on the back of the bill of exchange.36. Ocean marine insurance covers ships and their cargo only on the high seas and not on inlandwater ways.37. An import country is a country to which an exporter intends to export his commodities.38. Commodity inspection is an indispensable link in the claim of smooth handling of foreign trade transactions.39. Export quota is a limit on the quantitative amount of a product allowed to be exported out of a country in a year.40. Instrument is a document that has monetary value, or is evidence of a financial transaction.41. Time of shipment is the deadline by which the seller makes shipment of the contracted goods.42. E-commerce is the practice of buying and selling of products and services over the Internet.43. To export goods at an unreasonably low price is taken as dumping.44. Import tariffs primarily serve as a means of raising the price of the imported goods.45. Protective tariff means a duty or tax imposed on imported products for the purpose of making them more expensive in comparison to domestic products.。