复旦大学 2011 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure（15 points）Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEETⅠ with a single line through the center.1.He ’ s color-blind and can’ t the difference between red and green easily.A. detectB. discoverC. distinguishD. determine2.As many as 100 species of fish, some to these waters, may have been affected by the pollution.A. unusualB. particularC. typicalD. unique3.In her bright yellow coat, she was easily in the crowed.A. accessibleB. identifiableC. negligibleD. incredible4.Some people find that certain foods their headaches.A. introduceB. triggerC. summonD. create5.The workers chose to their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes.A. deliverB. offerC. manifestD. indicate6.Living with a roommate constraint on her ---- she couldn ’ t play her trumpet or have parties late at night.A. imposedB. illustratedC. impressedD. left7.I don ’ t know how to get there either---- perhaps we’ d better a map.A. noteB. markC. consultD. draft8.In the of recent incidents, we are asking our customers to take particular care of their belongings.A. processB. companyC. lightD. form9.The police are doing all they can to bring those responsible for the bombing toA. evidenceB. hearingC. justiceD. rule10. The programme aims to make the country in food and to cut energy imports.A. self-confidentB. self-sufficientC. self-satisfiedD. self-restrained11. I think I’ d like to stay home this evening going out as it is raining so heavily.A. better thanB. other thanC. rather thanD. sooner than12.The public can rest that detectives are doing everything possible to find the murderer.A. assuredB. approvedC. guaranteedD. convinced13. The child’ s bad behavior is often more than a way of trying to his mother ’ s attention away from his sister.A. reflectB. catchC. deflectD. reduce14. The small building was marked with a modest brass, stating the name and the business of the occupiers.A. plaqueB. plateauC. plagueD. plaster15.I don ’ t know what all the was about -----it was a dull sort of a film and there wasalmost no sex in it.A. controversyB. conversationC. discussionD. illumination16.I missed the last flight, and decided to stay the night at the airport.A. howeverB. thereforeC. moreoverD. meanwhile17.You could be many dangers by traveling alone in that area.A. subject toB. immune toC. sensitive toD. resistant to18.She chewed each delicious mouthful as slowly as she could,the pleasure.A. delayingB. prolongingC. insistingD. indulging19.The candidate has an impressively range of interests and experience.A. diverseB. vividC. mobileD. alive20.When I was sent to prison, I really felt I had my parents.A. let⋯ offB. let ⋯ downC. let⋯ outD. let⋯ alone21.He outrage by calling the TV programmes“ talking .wallpaper”A. provokedB. evokedC. revokedD. invoked22.The governments is trying to the people into thinking that a war is necessary.A. enlightenB. involveC. orientD. brainwash23.All the questions around what she had been doing on the night of the robbery.A. dissolvedB. revolvedC. evolvedD. devolved24.Make sure you’ re him before you start sharing a house.A. synonymous withB. compatible withC. subordinate toD. autonomous of25.She said that the treatment she had received in the hospital had completely her of herdignity.A. thrivedB. suspendedC. deprivedD. contrived26.She was unimpressed by the actor describing him as“ a vaindullman.”andA. intensivelyB. intenselyC. downrightD. actual27.down than the telephone rang.A. Not until I layB. No sooner had I lainC. Hardly had I lainD. Scarcely did I lie28. I ’ m sorry I’----m lateIhad a mental and forget that we would have a meeting today.A. aberrationB. perversionC. imbalanceD. sanity’ s been on my 29. I ignored an old woman who asked me for money in the street yesterday and it____ ever since.A. moralityB. conscienceC. moraleD. rationale30. He saw university as a community of scholars, where students were by teachers intoan appreciation of different philosophical approaches.A. extractedB. deductedC. inductedD. conductedPart ⅡReading Comprehension（ 40 points）Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe best answer and mark corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEETⅠ with a single line throughthe center.Passage 1I am running down an alley with a stolen avocado, having climbed over a white brick fenceand into the forbidden back yard of a carefully manicured estate at the corner of El Dorado andCrescent Drive in Beverly Hills, California. I have snatched a rock-hard Fuerte avocado from one ofthe three avocado trees near the fence. I have been told that many ferocious dogs patrol thegrounds; they are killers, these dogs. I am defying them. They are nowhere to be found, except inmy mind, and I ’ m out and gone and in they allewith their growls directing my imagination. I amrunning with fear and exhilaration, beginning a period of summer.Emerging from the shield of the alley I cut out into the open. Summer is about running, and Iam running, protected by distance from the dogs. At the corner of Crescent Drive and Lomitas Ispot Bobby Tornitzer on a bike. I shout“ Tornitzer!ns” hisHe headtur. His bike wobbles. Anautomobile moving rapidly catches Tornitzer’ s back wheel. Tornitzer is thrown high into the air and onto the concrete sidewalk of Crescent Drive. The driver, a woman with gray hair, swirls fromthe car hysterically and hovers noisily over Tornitzer, who will not survive the accident. I hold theavocado to my chest and stand, frozen, across the street. I am shivering in the heat, and sink to myknees. It is approximately 3:30 in the afternoon. It is June 21, 1946. In seven days, I will be 8years old.31.The best title for this story could beA. SummerB. Killer DogsC. My Eighth BirthdayD. The Alley32.The main image in paragraph 1 is of a young boyA. climbing a white brick fencesB. snatching avocadosC. running with fear and exhilarationD. defying ferocious dogs33.The main image in paragraph 2 is ofA. Tornitzer riding his bikeB. exhilaration turning into horrorC. the 7-year-old emerging from the alleyD. the hysteria of the woman driver34.The story start with the feeling of and ends with the feeling of.A. joyful action⋯ horrified inactionB. running ⋯ standingC. being alone⋯ being with othersD. being alone in the open⋯ shivering in the heat35. The phrase“ shivering in the heat” (near the end of this passage) dramatically describes shock throughA. the use of minute detailB. the unexpected combination of hot and coldC. its implied reference to the wordD. the‘ frozencntrast’of death and playPassage 2Analysts have had their go at humor, and I have read some of this interpretative literature, butwithout being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies inthe process and the innards are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind.In a newsreel theatre the other day I saw a picture of a man who had developed the soapbubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had became the ace soap bubbleblower of America, had perfected the business of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it,and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of thebubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them,or playing some sort of unattractive trick with them. It was, if anything, a rather repulsive sight.Humor is a little like that: it won’ t stand much blowing up, and it won’ t stand much poking. It has a certain fragility, an evasiveness, which one had best respect. Essentially, it is a complete mystery. Ahuman frame convulsed with laughter, and the laughter becoming hysterical and uncontrollable, is asfar out of balance as one shaken with the hiccoughs or in the throes of a sneezing fit.One of the things commonly said about humorists is that they really very sad people---clownwith a breaking heart. There is some truth in it, bur it is badly stated. It would be more accurate, Ithink, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyone ’ s life and that thehumorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it actively and positively.Humorist fatten on trouble. They have always made trouble pay. They struggle along with a good willand endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it will serve them in the sweet by and by. Youfind them wrestling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing boards and swollendrainpipes, suffering the terrible discomfort of tight boots( or as Josh Billing wittily called them,“ tite” boots). They pour out their sorrows profitably, in a form that is not quite fiction nor quite facteither. Beneath the sparkling surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe.36. The central theme of this essay is:A.There is little humor in old newsreel.B.Humor can be dissected like a frog.C.Humor is essentially a mystery, and because humorists are more aware of melancholy, theyseem sadder than most people.D.Humorists need to compensate for the pain they have suffered.37.The main idea of paragraph 2 is:A.The author once saw a picture of the largest soap bubble ever madeB.The bubble blowing performance was a repulsive sight.C.Humor is fragile.ughter is not a measure of humor.38.Why does the author feel that when humor is dissected, it dies in the process?A.The fun in humor lies in examining its contentsB.Humor must tantalize the senses on impact---if it has to be explained, it loses its effect.C.Humor is best enjoyed by people with scientific minds.D.A good humorist should explain his or her joke to make sure everyone understands it.39. The word“ melancholy” in paragraph 3 probably meansA. joyB. sadnessC. hysteriaD. exhilaration40. In his final sentence, the author is evoking an image ofA. the oceanB. sparkling germsC. high tideD. flowing waterPassage 3Every time an old building is torn down in this country, and a new building goes up, theground floor becomes a bank.The reason for this is that banks are the only ones who can afford the rent for the groundfloor of the new buildings going up. Besides, when bank loans someone money to build a newbuilding, it usually takes an option for the street-floor facilities.Most people don’ t think there is anything wrong with this and they accept it as part of theAmerican free-enterprise system. But there is s small group of people in this country who arefighting for Bank Birth Control.This is how Huddlestone Hubbard, the BBC’ s chairman, explained it.“ whenever you see an old building torn down,” Hubbard said,“ you usually see a candy store a dry cleaner, a delicatessen, and possibly a florist torn down with it. These shops are all replacedin the new buildings with a beautiful glass, aluminum, wall-to wall-carpeted money factor.“ Now from an aesthetic viewpoint, a bank looks better than a fry cleaner, a candy store, adelicatessen and a florist. But from a practical point of view , it’ s a sheer disaster. If you want anewspaper, a candy bar or a chocolate milk shake, you can’ t get it a bank. Nor can you run out to a bank for a pound of Swiss cheese and a six-pack of beer when have guests coming over.“ A bank is great if you want to buy a car, but it’ s useless if you want to have your dress cleaned.“ And while a bank might buy flowers to give itself a human image, it doesn’ t sell any w you want to make up with your wife.”“ What you’ re saying then, Hubbard,Mr. is that every time a bank goes up, something in allof us dies.”“ Exactly. One of the reasons kids are gettingin so much trouble these days is that there arecandy stores to hang around anymore. When tear down a delicatessen, the tangy smell of potatosalad, corned beef and dill pickles are lost forever. Unless you’ re trying to make a loan, no one ever salivates in a bank.“ It is true,” I said.“ The situation is more crucial than anyone thinks,” Hubbard said.“ at the rate they down consumer stores and replacing them with banks, we estimate that in ten years it will beimpossible to buy a loaf of bread in the country. What good is it to get 7 percent on your money ifyou starve to death?”“ Then what you’ re saying is that it isn’ t a question of not taking it with you. Itstaying alive while you have it,” I said.“ Something like that,” Hubbard agreedrying. to“getwethe’ republict to wake up to the factit ’ s better to have a storehatt sells screwdrivers than a bank that giv es away alarm clocks.”“ What’ s the solution?”“ A government decree that a bank has to supply the same services of the stores it tore downon the same property. If it’ s a bakery, they have to sell cake, if it’ s a photography shop, t to develop films , and if it’-goodsadrystore, they have to sell warm underwear. If they providethe services of the stores they tore down, then we’ll let them do a little money lending on theside ”.41.The central theme of the essay is:A.Practically every new commercial building erected today is owned by a bank.B.Banks are attempting to drive small merchants out of service.C.New banks are not assets to a neighborhood in spite of their attractive appearance.D.By occupying ground floor space in new buildings, banks are replacing neighborhoodshopping conveniences.42.This essay is written in a tone ofA. humorous exaggerationB. humorous understatementC. serious anger D serious fear of the future43. The author talks about the“ Bank Birth Control” group becauseA. it is the name of a real groupB. he hopes to become its presidentC. he is being humorous to make his pointD. he is in favor of all kinds of birth control44. The attitude of the author toward small neighborhood stores is that theyA. are dirtyB. are convenient and colorfulC. should be replaced by banksD. should become supermarkets45. The author makes his point by usingA. satireB. dramaC. romanceD. poetryPassage 4What if our society uses new- found technologies of“ genetic engineering”to interfere withthe biological nature of human beings? Might that not be disastrous?What about cloning, for instance?Cloning is a term originally used in connection with nonsexual reproduction of plants andvery simple animal. Now it is coming into use in connection with higher animals, since biologistsare finding ways of starting with an individual cell of a grown animal and inducing it to multiplyinto the same way in the future.But is cloning a safe thing to unleash on society? Might it not be used for destructivepurposes? For instance, might not some ruling group decide to clone their submissive,downtrodden peasantry, and thus produce endless hordes of semi-robots who will slave to keep afew in luxury and who may even serve as endless ranks of soldiers designed to conquer the restof the world.?A dreadful thought, but an unnecessary fear. For one thing, there is no need to clone for the purpose. The ordinary method of reproduction produces all the human beings that are neededand as rapidly as is needed. Right now, the ordinary method is producing so many people as toput civilization in danger of imminent destruction. What more can cloning do?Secondly, unskilled semi-robots cannot be successfully pitted against the skilled users of machine, either on farms, in factories or in armies. Any nation depending on downtroddenmasses will find itself an easy mark for exploitation by a less populous but more skilled andversatile society. This has happened in the past often enough..But even if we forget about self-hordes, what about the cloning of a relatively few individuals? There are rich people who could afford the expense, or politicians who could have the influencefor it, or the gifted who could undergo it by popular demand. There can be two if a particularbanker or governor or scientist---or three---or a thousand. Might this not create a kind of privileged caste, who would reproduce themselves in greater and greater numbers, and who would gradually take over the world?Before we grow concerned about this, we must ask whether there will really be any great demand for cloning. Would you want to be cloned? The new individual formed your cell will haveyour genes and therefore your appearance and, possibly, talents ,but he will not be you. Theclone will be, at best, merely your identical twin. Identical twins share the same genetic pattern,but they each have own individuality and are separate persons.Cloning is not a pathway to immortality, then, because your consciousness does not survivein your clone, any more than it would in your identical twin if you had one.In fact, your clone would be far less than your identical twin. What shapes and forms apersonality is not genes alone, but all the environment to which it is exposed. Identical twins growup in identical surroundings, in the same family, and under each other ’ s influence. A clone of yourself , perhaps thirty or forty years younger, would grow up in a different world altogether andwould be shaped by influences that would be sure to make him less and less like you as he grows older.He may even earn your jealousy. After all, you are old and he is young. You may once havebeen poor and struggled to become well-to-do, but he will be well-to-do form the start. The merefact that you won ’ t be able to view it as a child, but as another competing and-advantagedbetter you, may accentuate the jealousy.No! imagine that, after some initial experiments, the demand for cloning will bevirtually nonexistent.46.The central theme of the essay is:A.Genetic engineers are experimenting with cloning.B.The cloning of human could produce a privileged class.C. worries about the dangers of human cloning are ill-founded.D. Personality traits cannot be passed on though cloning.47.The author assumes that the readers isA.afraid of a nation of dictatorsB.worried about the abuses of cloningC.egger to put cloning to practical useD.ready to be cloned48. The author assumes that the reader thinks“ immortality”A. frighteningB. unavoidableC. profitableD. desirable49. To hold the reader’ s interest, the authorA. used quotations by famous peopleB. asks frequent questions of the readerC. presents many research statisticsD. tells many amusing stories50. The word“ hordes” as used the passage meansA. swarms of fishB. large groups of peopleC. mountain rangesD. large fields of grainPart Ⅲ Cloze (10%)Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of thepassage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet Ⅱ .A considerable amount of medical research is aimed at identifying risk factors for disease.The rationale behind this work is that where people are informed of their risk, they will happilychange their behavior to lower that risk.51this is certainly a reasonable assumption, it turnsout that things are not quite that simple and straightforward. First of all, health is not necessarily atop priority in everyo ne’ s life and, for these people, changing behavior in the interests of healthmay interfere52other, more important matters. Second, the benefits to be derived53such changes rarely are immediate or obvious. Usually, improvements in health take palace overlong periods of time and are quite subtle.54 , we are all so bombarded with informationabout the thousands of health hazards to which we are exposed55most of us ime“t out”much of this information. This latter issue is compounded by the fact that much of newinformation to which we are exposed through the media is exaggerated and, as often as not, is contradicted later by even“ newer ” information. For these and other reasons, simply knowing about a risk does not necessarily ensure that people will take appropriate steps to56it.57when people want to change their behavior, this is not easy to do. For example, the overwhelming majority of smokers in this country want to quit, but58great effort very feware able to do so. Most smokers acknowledge, at some level, that health hazards associated with smoking and most wish that there were a simple and painless way to stop.59the number of people who want to lose weight is very large, but few of these people are able to do it and even60are able to maintain such weight losses.Part Ⅳ Translation (20%)Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version on Answer SheetⅡ.我认为没有人不喜欢到处去看看：多看看他人，多阅他乡，不但可以认识世界，亦可认识自己。