当前位置:文档之家› 高中英语语法定语从句总结全

高中英语语法定语从句总结全

高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ、概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。

(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。

先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。

(3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。

关系词得作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用得关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。

常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、whe re(地点状语)可以修饰人得关系代词:that, who,whom,whose可以修饰事得关系代词:that, which, as,whose,The student who answered the question was John、Iknow thereasonwhy he wasso angry、The boy (whom) you are talkingto is mybrother、I'd like a roomwhose window facesthe sea、定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);第三选择合适得关系词。

Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法:●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。

(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1、A letterthat/which is written in pencil is difficult to read、(主语)2、Do you know the gentleman that/whospoke just now?3、You can takeanything ( that)you like、(宾语)4、Whatis thequestion(that/which) they aretalking about?5、Hereis theman (who/whom/that) you want tosee、6、She's no longerthe girl( that) sheused to be before、(表语)7、Ourhometown isno longer theone (that)it usedto be、(=Our hometown isnot the same as it used tobe、= Our hometown is differentfrom what itusedtobe。

=Ourhometown is notwhat it used to be、)●which:指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。

如:1、Thebook which/thatwas on the deskwasbought bymy father、(主语)2、Thebook(which/that) Ibought yesterdayis veryinteresting、(宾语)●who, whom,whose:who: 主格,在从句中作主语,只可指人whom: 宾格,在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人whose: 表所属关系,在从句中作定语。

译为:某人得,某物得whose +名词=the +n、+of which(某物得)the+n、+ of whom(某人得)I likethe studentswho/thatwork hard、(主语)The boy(that/who /whom ) we saw yesterdayis Tom、I know thegirl whosefather is a teacher、(whose father=the father of whom)Achild whose parents are dead iscalled an orphan、(指人) (whose parents = the parents ofwhom)I'd like a room whose window faces south、(指物)(whosewindow=thewindow of which)关系代词作介词宾语(在定语从句中,介词提前时,介词后:表人用whom;表物用which)关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末、但以放于句首较为正式、(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组得含义。

关系代词who 与that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末、)The man (whom /who/ that) my mother is talking with isMr Black、=The manwithwhom my motheris talkingis MrBlack、Thisis thebook forwhich you asked、=Thisis thebook(that/which) youaskedfor、Do you know the personwith whom Ishook hands?= Doyou know theperson (whom/who/that) Ishookhandswith?The library from which we can borrow books is very big、Thisisthe bookabout which I told youjust now、●as得用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)①如为限制性得,多用于the same …as;the same as(与……相同);such …a s…(如此,这样); asmany/muchas(与……一样多);so/as…as (与……一样)等结构中。

如:※I have the same book as you (have)、我有一本与您得一样得书。

Her attitudeto him wasquite the sameasit hadalways been、(关系代词as与指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语, 先行词就就是same、)、---Why didn't you mention thatinfaceofthe police justnow?---Ithought it wassuch a minor detail as washardly worth mentioning、Wewill only discuss such problems ashave somethingtodo with our own interests、Don'tdo such things as you are not sureabout、There is no such place asyou dream of inall this world、比较:Ilive in the same house that he usedtolive in、I'm wearingthesame shirt asyou wore yesterday、比较:Hereisso big a stone asno one canlift、(定语从句)Here is so big a stone thatno one can lift it、(结果状语从句)②如为非限制性得,as还可以单独引导一个定语从句,代替整个主句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"正如,这一点"。

(动词常为know,see, expect,pointout,etc、)As weall know,smokingis harmful toone'shealth、(as作宾语)=As is knownto all,smokingis harmful to one'shealth 、(as 作主语)众所周知:As we all know,It’swell-know (to us all)that…=It'sknown toall that smoking isharmful to one'shealth 、=Smokingis harmful to one's health , as we all know 、(as 作宾语)=Smoking, as weallknow,is harmful to one'health、He wasa foreigner,asIknew from hisaccent、(宾语, 先行词就就是前面整个句子)Ⅲ、关系副词(when, where, why)引导得定语从句,它们后面得句子完整,只缺状语,它们都可以等于介词+ which,其中why只等于for which、●When指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

其先行词就就是表时间得名词(如:time, day, week, tear, month, etc、)Hecame lastnight when I wasout、We will putoff the picnic until nextweek, whenthe weatherwould bebetter、注意:先行词为"时间名词",可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语;还可以用which或that引导,which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较:I still remember the day when/on which my brother joined the army、(作状语)Istill remember thedays which/that we spent together、(作谓语spent得宾语)Next winter which/thatyou'll spend in Harbin, will be exciting、(宾语)I shall never forgetthe daywhen ShenZhou Ⅴ was laun ched、There areoccasions when joking is not permissible、●Where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

其先行词就就是表示地点得名词,如:place, school,factory,room,etc、Thisis the place where I was born、I livein the roomwhere /inwhichheusedto live、注意:先行词就就是"地点名词",定语从句可用where引导,还可用which或that 引导,which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。

相关主题