计算机英语常用词汇（计算机科学版）2009-04-18 10:16:24分类：（一个进程的）激活activation（of a procedure）活动服务器界面Active Server Pages，ASP角色Actors实参actual parameterAda（一种基于pascal的程序设计语言）自适应词典编码adaptive dictionary encoding适配器模式adaptor pattern（存储单元的）地址address（of memory cell）地址多项式address polynomialAdleman，Leonard管理员administratorAdobe系统Adobe Systems代理agentAlexander，Christopher代数编码理论Algebraic coding theory算法algorithm算法的发现discovery of算法的有效性/正确性complexity / efficiency of算法的表示representation of算法的检验verification of算法分析algorithm analysis反网络域名抢注消费者保护法案the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act 防病毒软件antivirus softwareAPL A Programming Language的缩写，是用于远程终端的一种程序语言苹果计算机公司Apple Computer，Inc.Applet（Java程序）应用层（因特网）application layer应用编程接口（API）Application Programmer Interface应用软件Application software谓词的变元argument（of a predicate）亚里斯多德（Aristotle）移位Arithmetic shift数组Array异构数组heterogeneous同构数组homogeneous人工智能Artificial intelligence人工神经网络Artificial neural networkASCII.参见美国信息交换标准码Asimo机器人ASP见活动服务器界面汇编程序Assembler汇编语言Assembly language断言Assertion赋值语句Assignment statement关联Association关联分析Association analysis美国计算机协会（ACM）Association for Computing Machinery联想记忆Associative memoryAtanasoff-Berry machine（Atanasoff 和Clifford Berry完成的一台16位加法器）Atanasoff，John（人名）美国电话电报公司（AT&T）阿思隆（处理器）Athlon（cpu）属性Attribute审计软件Auditing Software授权Authentication基于神经网络的自主式地面车辆Autonomous Land Vehicle in a Neural Net（ALVINN）平均情况分析Average-case analysis公理Axiom（神经的）轴突AxonBBabbage，Charles（人名）回溯法Backtracking平衡树法Balanced tree带宽Bandwidth基本要素语言Bare Bones language通用的Universality of栈底Base（of stack）递归的结束条件Base case（recursion）二进制Base Two. See Binary system基本输入/输出系统Basic Input/Output System基本路径测试Basis path testing批处理Batch processing贝多芬第五交响曲Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony基于行为的智能Behavior-based intelligence贝尔实验室Bell Laboratories基准测试BenchmarkBeta测试Beta testingBeta版Beta versionBurners-Lee，Tim（人名）Berry，Clifford（人名）最优情况分析Best-case analysis大写O标记Big O notation大Θ标记Big theta notation二进制文件Binary file（FTP）二进制记数法（参见二进制系统）Binary notation. See Binary system二分查找算法Binary search algorithm有效性complexity of二进制系统Binary system二叉树Binary tree生物信息学BioinformaticsBIOS（参见基本输入/输出系统）位Bit位图Bit map每秒比特数Bits per second（bps）黑盒测试Black-box testing（循环）体Body（of a loop）乔治.布尔Boole，George布尔数据类型Boolean data type布尔运算Boolean operations引导Booting引导程序BootstrapBourne shell（UNIX shell）栈底Bottom（of stack）自上而下的方法Bottom-up methodology边界值分析Boundary value analysisBps（参见每秒比特数）分枝Branch（tree）广度优先搜索Breadth-first search网桥Bridge宽带Broadband浏览器Browser冒泡排序算法Bubble sort algorithm存储桶（散列）Bucket（hashing）缓冲区Buffer总线Bus总线型网络拓扑结构Bus network topology奥古斯塔•艾达•拜伦Byron，Augusta Ada字节Byte字节码BytecodeCCC++C#高速缓冲存储器Cache memory调用（进程）Call（procedure）Camel样式Camel casing卡内基-梅隆大学Carnegie-Mellon University一种电子邮件监测系统，美国FBI将其应用扩展到调查恐怖活动和计算机犯罪中Carnivore 回车Carriage return带有冲突检测的载波侦听多路访问Carrier Sense，Multiple Access with Collision Detection（CSMA/CD）串联回滚Cascading rollbackCASE.（参见计算机辅助软件工程）Case控制结构Case control structureCASE工具CASE toolsCD（参见光盘）CD-DA（参见数字音频光盘）存储单元Cell（memory）赛扬（处理器）Celeron（cpu）中央处理器Central processing unit（CPU）欧洲粒子物理研究所CERNCERT（参见计算机应急响应小组）证书Certificate证书颁发机构Certificate authorityCGI（参见公共网关接口）性格伦理Character-based ethics字符型数据Character data type检验字节Check byte校验和Check sum孩子（树中）Children（in a tree）芯片Chip色度ChrominanceChurch，Alonzo丘奇-图灵论题Church-Turing thesis循环序列Circular queue循环移位Circular shiftCISC（参见复杂指令集计算机）类Class类型描述Class description类图Class diagram类型识别Class discrimination.NET框架类库Class library（.NET Framework）职责协作卡片（CRC卡）Class-responsibility-collaboration（CRC）cards 子句形式Clause form客户机Client客户机/服务器模式Client/Server model客户端Client-side时钟Clock封闭网络Closed network封闭世界假设Closed-world assumption云（因特网）Cloud（Internet）Clowes，M. B.（人名）聚类分析Cluster analysis群集（散列）Clustering（hashing）COBOL（面向商业的通用语言，Common Business—Oriented Language）代码生成器Code generator代码生成Code generation代码优化Code optimization强制数据类型转换Coercion内聚（模块）Cohesion（intramodule）协作图Collaboration diagram碰撞（散列）Collision（hashing）Colossus（在汤米．弗劳尔（Tommy Flowers）的指导下建造于英国“巨人”机器）列主序Column major order注释Comments提交点Commit point提交/回滚协议Commit/rollback protocolCommodore（苹果计算机公司1976年生产的计算机）公共网关接口Common gateway interface（CGI）通信辅助强制法案Communication Assistance for Law Enforcement Act（CALEA）光盘Compact disk（CD）数字音频光盘Compact disk-digital audio（CD-DA）编译器Compiler补码Complement复杂指令集计算机Complex instruction set computer（CISC）复杂性/有效性Complexity/Efficiency二分查找算法of binary search插入排序算法of insertion sort归并排序算法of merge sort顺序查找算法of sequential search组件（数组的）Component（of an array）组件（软件的）Component（of software）组件构架Component architecture组件装配员Component assemblerCompuServe（美国一公司，研制出GIF）可计算函数Computable function计算机辅助设计Computer-aided design（CAD）计算机辅助软件工程Computer-aided software engineering（CASE）计算机应急响应小组Computer Emergency Response Team（CERT）计算机欺诈和滥用法Computer Fraud Abuse Act计算机科学（定义）Computer Science（definition）计算机与社会Computer Society串联Concatenation并发处理Concurrent processing条件转移Conditional jump无连接协议Connectionless protocol结果伦理Consequence-based ethics常量Constant构造函数Constructor上下文切换Context switch上下文分析Contextual analysis邻接表（参见列表）Contiguous list. See List合同伦理Contract-based ethics控制耦合Control coupling控制器Controller重复迭代结构控制Control of repetitive structures iteration（looping）递归recursion控制语句Control statements控制部件Control unit小甜饼Cookies版权、著作权Copyright law磁芯Core磁芯大战Core wars国家地区码顶级域名Country-code TLD耦合（模块内部）Coupling（intermodule）CPU（参见中央处理器）CRC卡（参见职责协作卡片）临界区Critical region跨平台软件Cross-platform softwareC外壳C shellCSMA/CD（参见中带有冲突检测的载波侦听多路访问）网络域名抢注Cybersquatting循环冗余校验和校验Cyclic redundancy checks柱面CylinderD达特默斯学院Dartmouth collegeDarwin，Charles数据库Database数据库管理系统Database management system（DBMS）数据库模型Database model数据压缩Data compression数据耦合Data coupling多维数据集Data cubes数据字典Data dictionary数据流程图Dataflow diagram数据独立性Data independence数据挖掘Data mining数据结构Data structure静态和动态Dynamic vs. static数据类型Data type布尔型Boolean字符型Character浮点型Float整型Integer实型Real数据仓库Data warehouse死锁Deadlock避免死锁Deadlock avoidance死锁检测/改正Deadlock detection/correction调试Debugging陈述性知识Declarative knowledge声明型范型Declarative paradigm声明语句Declarative statements装饰者模式Decorator pattern解密密钥Decryption keys缺陷测试Defect testing美国国防部高级研究计划局Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency（DARPA）结束条件（递归）Degenerative case（recursion）树突Dendrite拒绝服务Denial of service深度（树）Depth（of a tree）深度优先搜索Depth-first search设计模式Design pattern设备驱动程序Device driverDewey，John字典编码Dictionary encoding差分机Difference engine差分编码Differential encoding数字（和模拟）Digital（vs. analog）数码照相机Digital camera数字签名Digital signature数字用户线路Digital subscriber line（DSL）数字化视频光盘Digital versatile disk（DVD）数字变焦Digital zoomDijkstra，E. W.哲学家进餐Dining philosophers直接寻址Direct addressing有向图Directed graph直接内存存取Direct memory access（DMA）目录Directory目录路径Directory pathDisclaimer离散余弦变换Discrete cosine transform磁盘Diskette磁盘存储器（磁带）Disk storage（magnetic）调遣程序Dispatcher分布式数据库Distributed database分布式系统Distributed systemDMA（参见直接内存存取）DNS（参见域名系统）DOCTOR（ELIZA）程序文档Documentation注释说明by comment statements域Domain域名Domain name域名系统Domain name system点分十进制记法Dotted decimal notationDRAM（参见动态存储器）Dual-core cpu职责伦理Duty-based ethicsDVD（参见数字化视频光盘）动态存储器Dynamic memoryEEckert, J. Presper轮廓增强Edge enhancement托马斯.爱迪生Edison, Thomas编辑EditorEffective有效输入（处理单元）Effective input (of a processing unit)8块拼图游戏Eight-puzzle电子通信隐私法案Electronic Communication Privacy Act (ECPA) 电子邮件Email封装Encapsulation加密密钥Encryption keys文件结束End-of-file (EOF)电子数字积分计算机ENIAC企业JavaBeans Enterprise JavaBeans实体-关系图Entity-relationship diagramELIZA程序EOF（参见文件结束）纠错编码Error-correcting code以太网Ethernet伦理Ethics欧几里得Euclid欧几里得算法Euclidean algorithm欧几里得几何Euclidean geometry偶校验Even parity事件驱动软件Event-driven software进化规划Evolutionary programming进化式原型法Evolutionary prototyping进化机器人学Evolutionary roboticsException余码记数法Excess notation排它锁Exclusive lock异或Exclusive or (XOR)专家系统Expert system显式耦合Explicit coupling指数域Exponent field指数时间Exponential time可扩展标记语言Extensible Markup Language (XML) 极限编程Extreme programmingF阶乘Factorial斐波纳契数列Fibonacci sequence字段（记录）Field (in a record)FIFO（参见先进先出）文件File文件描述符File descriptor文件管理系统File manager文件服务器File server文件传输协议File transfer protocol (FTP)防火墙Firewall火线FireWire第一代程序语言First-generation language先进先出First in, first out (FIFO)一阶谓词逻辑First-order predicate logic固定格式语言Fixed-format languageFlash闪存驱动器Flash drive闪存Flash memory平面文件Flat file触发器Flip-flop浮点记数法Floating-point notation规范化形式normalized form软盘Floppy disk流程图Flowchart汤米.弗劳尔Flowers, Tommy文件夹Folder创建子进程Forking形式语言Formal language形参Formal parameter格式化（磁盘）Formatting (a disk)For语句FORTRAN框架问题Frame problem结构（.NET）Framework (.Net)自由格式语言Free-format language频率相关编码Frequency-dependent encoding频率模糊Frequency maskingFTP（参见文件传输协议）FTP安全版本FTPSFTP服务器FTP serverFTP站点FTP site完整树Full tree函数Function抽象abstract计算computation of程序单元program unit功能内聚Functional cohesion函数型范型Functional paradigmGG5（处理器）G5 (cpu)Gandhi, Mahatma（人名）垃圾回收Garbage collection门Gate网关GatewayGB（参见吉字节）Gbps（参见Giga-bps）General Motors通用寄存器General-purpose register代（关于程序设计语言）Generations (of programming languages) 遗传算法Genetic algorithms约吉位GibiGIF（Graphic Interchange Format的缩写）千兆比特/秒Giga-bps吉字节Gigabyte千兆赫Gigahertz白盒测试Glass-box testing全局数据Global data全局变量Global variable基于目标的行为Goal directed behaviorGodel, Kurt歌德尔不完全性定理Godel’s incompleteness theoremGoto语句Goto statement语法Grammar图Graph图形用户接口Graphical user interface (GUI)图论Graph theory最大公因子Greatest common divisor GUI（参见图形用户接口）H停机问题Halting problem Hamming, R. W.汉明距离Hamming distance握手Handshaking硬盘Hard disk硬件Hardware哈佛大学Harvard University散列函数Hash function散列文件Hash file散列表Hash table散列Hashing头（列表）Head (of a list)磁头划道Head crash头指针Head pointer堆排序算法Heap sort algorithm Heathkit（经销计算机的公司）帮助包Help packages赫兹Hertz (Hz)异构树组Heterogeneous array启发式Heuristic十六进制记数法Hexadecimal notation 高位端High-order end登山系统Hill climbing赫尔曼.何勒里斯Hollerith, Herman主页Home page同构数组Homogeneous array本田公司（Honda）跳数值Hop count霍普菲尔德网络Hopfield networks Hopper, Grace主机Host主机地址Host address热区Hot spotHTML（参见超文本标记语言）HTTP（参见超文本传输协议）HTTP的安全版本HTTPS集线器Hub霍夫曼代码Huffman code Huffman, David A.超链接Hyperlink超媒体Hypermedia超文本Hypertext超文本传输协议Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)超文本标记语言Hypertext Markup LanguageIIBMICANN（参见Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers）电气和电子工程师学会美国计算机协会IEEE Computer SocietyIEEE 802标准IEEE 802 standard标识符IdentifiersIf语句if statement第I帧I-frame图像分析Image analysis图像处理Image processingIMAP（参见Internet邮件访问协议）Imitation （learning by）立即寻址Immediate addressing命令型范型Imperative paradigm命令语句Imperative statements显式耦合Implicit coupling不一致（声明）Inconsistent (statements)错误决算问题Incorrect summary problem增量模型Incremental model孵化期（解决问题）Incubation period (problem solving)索引文件Indexed file索引Indices间接寻址Indirect addressing推理法则Inference rule信息提取Information extraction信息检索Information retrieval继承Inheritance输入/输出Input/output (I/O)输入/输出指令（机器层）Input/output instructions (machine level)iRobot Roomba真空吸尘器IRobot Roomba vacuum cleaner插入排序算法Insertion sort algorithm复杂度complexity of实例（类）Instance (of a class)实例（数据类型）Instance (of a data type)变量实例Instance variable美国电气及电子工程师协会Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 无线电工程师协会Institute of Radio Engineers指令指针Instruction pointer指令寄存器Instruction register整型数据Integer data type英特尔Intel交互式处理Interactive processing（联合国）国际法院International Court of Justice国际标准化组织International Organization for Standardization (ISO)互联网Internet因特网Internet (the)下一代互联网Internet 2因特网赋名和编号公司Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Interent邮件访问协议Internet mail access protocol网际协议Internet protocol (IP)因特网服务提供商Internet service provider解释器Interpreter进程间通信Interprocess communication中断Interrupt中断屏蔽指令Interrupt disable instruction中断允许指令Interrupt enable instruction中断处理Interrupt handlerI/O. （参见Input/Output）输入/输出边界I/O bound爱荷华州大学Iowa State College (University)IP 参见Internet Protocol）See Internet ProtocolIP 地址IP address版本为4的IP IPv4版本为6的IP IPv6IQ 测试IQ testISO 参见International Organization for Standardization）ISP （参见Internet service provider）迭代结构Iterative structures人名Iverson, Kenneth E.J约瑟夫．雅卡尔Jacquard, Joseph人名Jacquard loomJava语言JavaJavaBeansJavaScript 语言JavaScriptJava 服务器页面JavaServer Pages作业控制语言JCL (job control language)作业Job作业队列Job queueJobs, Steve连接运算（数据库运算）JOIN (database operation)联合图像专家组Joint Photographic Experts Group联合图像专家组JPEGJSP （参见JavaServer Pages）KKB. 参见KilobyteKbps. 参见Kilo-bps内核KernelKey (cryptography)关键字段Key field关键字Key words约千位Kibi约兆字节Kibibyte清除（一个进程）Kill (a process)千比特Kilo-bps (Kbps)千字节Kilobyte背包问题Knapsack problemKorn 外壳Korn shellLLAN 参见Local area network语言扩展Language extensions后进先出Last in, first out (LIFO)等待时间Latency time叶结点Leaf node最低有效位Least significant bit左孩子指针Left child pointer人名Lempel, AbrahamLZW编码Lempel-Ziv-Welsh encoding人名Leonardo da Vinci词法分析Lexical analysis词法分析器Lexical analyzer基于2为底的对数Lg (logarithm base two) Liebniz, Gottfried WilhelmLIFO. 参见Last in, first out线性代数Linear algebra线性输入Line feed语言学Linguistics链路层Link layer (Internet)Linux 操作系统LinuxLISP程序设计语言LISP表List邻接contiguous链linked字面量Literal负载平衡Load balancing负载因子（哈希文件）Load factor (hash file) 局域网Local area network (LAN)本地变量Local variables锁定协议Locking protocol基于2为底的对数Logarithm (base 2)逻辑内聚Logical cohesion逻辑推理Logical deduction逻辑记录Logical record逻辑移位Logical shift逻辑程序设计Logic programming注册Login长除法Long division algorithm先行进位加法器Lookahead carry adder外观Look and feel循环Loop循环变量Loop invariant循环结构Loop structures. See Iteratice structure 指环王Lord of the Rings无损压缩Lossless compression无损解压Lossless decomposition有损压缩Lossy compression更新丢失问题Lost update problemLotus开发公司Lotus Development Corporation Lotus 1-2-3 软件Lotus 1-2-3Loveless, Ada低位端Low-order end亮度LuminanceM机器周期Machine cycle机器无关Machine independence机器指令Machine instructions加ADD与AND分支BRANCH停止HALT中断屏蔽Interrupt disable中断允许Interrupt enable输入/输出I/O转移JUMP加载LOAD或OR循环ROTATE移位SHIFT存储STORE测试并置位Test-and-set异或XOR (exclusive or)机器语言Machine language苹果公司开发的一种操作系统Mac OS公司名Macromedia磁盘Magnetic disk磁带Magnetic tape邮件服务器Mail server主存Main memory恶意软件MalwareMAN. 参见Metropolitan area network曼切斯特编码Manchester encoding尾数域Mantissa field多对多关系Many-to-many relationship马克一号Mark I标记语言Markup language掩码Mask屏蔽Masking大容量存储Mass storage主文件Master file矩阵理论Matrix theory人名Mauchly, JohnMB. 参见MegabyteMbps. 参见Mega-bps人名McCarthy, JohnMD5（信息-摘要算法，message-digest algorithm 5的缩写）约兆位（megabinary）的缩写Mebi约兆位Mebibyte一百万比特/秒Mega-bps (Mbps)兆字节Megabyte兆赫Megahertz成员函数Member function内存泄露Memory leak内存管理Memory manager存储器映射输入/输出Memory mapped I/O合并算法Merge algorithm合并排序算法Merge sort algorithm复杂度Complexity of元推理Meta-reasoning方法Method度量学Metric城域网Metropolitan area network (MAN)微秒Microsecond微软公司Microsoft CorporationMIDI. 参见Musical Instrument Digital InterfaceMiller, George A.毫秒Millisecond多指令流多数据流MIMD调制解调器Modem取模Mod模块化表示法Modular notation模块化Modularity模块ModuleMondrian, Piet监控程序Monitor莫尔电子工程学院Moore School of Engineering马赛克软件公司Mosaic Software最高有效位Most significant bit主板Motherboard运动图像专家组Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG)摩托罗拉公司Motorola鼠标MouseMPEG layer3的缩写MP3MPEG. 参见Motion Picture Experts Group微软DOS操作系统MS-DOS多路技术Multiplexing多任务Multitasking乐器数字化接口Musical Instruments Digital Interface (MIDI)互斥Mutual exclusion一种关系数据库系统MySQLN名字服务器Name server与非NAND毫微秒Nanosecond(美国)国家航空和宇宙航行局火星探路者NASA Mars rover自然语言Natual language自然语言处理Natural language processing.NET框架NET (.NET Framework)网景通信公司Netscape Communications, Inc.网络Network网络拓扑结构Network topologies网络标识符Network identifier网络层Network layer (Internet)网络虚拟终端Network Virtual Terminal (NVT)神经元Neuron神经网络Neural network (biological)艾萨克牛顿Newton, Isaac空指针NIL pointer结点Node不确定性算法Nondeterministic algorithm非确定性多项式问题Nondeterministic polynomial (NP) problems 保密协议Nondisclosure agreement无损分解Nonloss decomposition非终结符Nonterminal或非NOR规范化形式Normalized form非NOT美国Novell公司Novell, Inc.NP problems. 参见Nondeterministic polynomial problems NP完全问题NP-complete problem空指针NULL pointer数值分析Numerical analysisO对象Object面向对象数据库Object-oriented database面向对象范型Object-oriented paradigm面向对象程序设计Object-oriented programming目标程序Object program奇校验Odd parity脱机Off-line一对多关系One-to-many relationship一对一关系One-to-one relationship联机On-lineOOP 参见Object-oriented programming操作码Op-code开放式网络Open network开放源码开发Open-source development打开（文件操作）Open (file operation)开放系统互联Open System Interconnect (OSI)操作数Operand操作系统Operating system运算符优先级Operator precedence光学变焦Optical zoom或OROrwell, George (Eric Blair)OSI 参见Open System Interconnect开放系统互联参考模型OSI reference model孤立点分析Outlier analysis溢出错误Overflow error重载OverloadingPP 参见Polynomial problemsP2P 参见Peer-to-peer model分组Packet页面（内存）Page (memory)页面调度Paging并行算法Parallel algorithm并行通信Parallel communication并行处理Parallel processing参数Parameter按引用传递passed by reference按值传递passed by value按值——结果传递passed by value-result父结点Parent node帕累托原理Pareto principlePareto, Vilfredo（人名）奇偶校验位Parity bit语法分析器Parser语法分析树Parse tree分解Parsing布莱斯.帕斯卡Pascal, Blaise（人名）Pascal样式Pascal casing密码Password专利法Patent lawPC 参见Personal computer点对点模式Peer-to peer model奔腾（CPU）Pentium (cpu)面向性能的的研究Performance oriented research 一致性（对象）Persisent (object)个人计算机Personal computer (PC)个人数字助理Personal digital assistant (PDA) PGP 参见Pretty good privacy电子黑饵Phishing个人主页超文本处理器PHP Hypertext Processor 物理记录Physical record流水线技术Pipelining像素Pixel有计划的淘汰Planned obsolescence柏拉图PlatoPoincare.H（人名）指针PointerPolya, G.（人名）多态Polymorphism多项式问题Polynomial problems弹出（栈操作）Pop（stack operation）POP3参见Post Office Protocol-version端口（输入/输出）Port (I/O)端口号Port number埃米尔•波斯特Post, Emil邮局协议3 Post Office Protocol-version 3 (POP3)PostScript（由Adobe系统公司研制开发的一种描绘字符以及一般图画数据的方法）测试循环Posttest loopPowerPC（国际商用机器公司（IBM）和摩托罗拉公司联合开发的系列处理器）优先级（运算符）Precedence (of operators)预设条件（正确性证明）Preconditions (proof of correctness)谓词Predicate前测试循环Pretest loopPretty good privacy（基于RSA公匙加密体系的邮件加密软件，PGP）质数Prime number原语Primitive基本数据类型Primitive data type打印服务器Print server隐私法案Privacy Act of私钥Private key特权指令Privileged instructions特权级Privilege levels问题求解Problem solving过程性知识Procedural knowledge过程型范型Procedural paradigm过程Procedure过程调用Procedure call过程头Procedure’s header进程Process处理单元Processing unit (neural net)进程状态Process state进程切换Process switch进程表Process table产生式系统Production system控制系统control system目标状态goal state产生式production开始状态start state状态图state graph程序Program程序员Programmer程序计数器Program counter编程语言Programming language程序设计范型Programming paradigms投影（数据库操作）PROJECT（database operation）Prolog（程序设计语言Prolog）反证法Proof by contradiction正确性证明Proof of correctness专用网络Proprietary network协议Protocol原型Prototype代理服务器Proxy server伪代码Pseudocode公钥Public key公钥加密Public-key encryption压栈（栈操作）Push (stack operation)Q队列Queue快速排序算法Quick sort algorithmRRadio Shack（一种计算机）小数点Radix pointRAM 参见Random access memory随机存储器Random access memory (RAM)快速原型法Rapid prototypingRavel, Maurice（人名）响应式机器人Reactive robot只读存储器Read-only memory (ROM)读操作Read operation就绪（进程）Ready (process)实数数据类型Real data type实时处理Real-time processing现实世界知识Real-world knowledge递归Recursion递归函数理论Recursive function theory递归结构Recursive structures精简指令集计算机Reduced instruvtion set computer (RISC) 引用Reference反射作用Reflex action再生电路Refresh circuit区域发现Region finding寄存器Register注册服务商Registrar强化学习Reinforcement (learing by)关系（数据库）Relation (database)关系数据库模型Relational database model相对编址Relative addressing相对编码Relative encoding可靠的协议Reliable protocolrepeat循环结构Repeat control structure中继器Repeater需求（软件）Requirements (of software)保留字Reserved words消解Resolution消解式Resolvent履责技术Responsible technology右孩子指针Right-child pointer环形拓扑Ring topology行波加法器Ripple adderRISC 参见Reduced instruction set computer风险论坛Risks forumRitchie, Dennis（人名）Rivest, Ron（人名）RMI 参见Remote method invocation一个机器人足球队的国际性比赛Robocup机器人学RoboticsRogerian论点Rogerian thesis回滚Roll backROM参见Read-only memory根结点Root node根指针Root pointer旋转Rotation旋转延迟Rotation delay舍入误差Round-off error路由器Router行主序Row major orderRSA算法RSA algorithm行程长度编码Run-length encodingS可缩放字体Scalable fonts比例缩放Scaling调度程序Scheduler模式Schema作用域（某一变量）Scope (of a variable) SDRAM. 参见Synchronous DRAM搜索引擎Search engine搜索树Search tree第二代语言Second-generation language扇区Sector安全壳Secure shell (SSH)安全套接字层Secure sockets layer (SSL)安全Security寻道时间Seek time选取（数据库操作）SELECT (database operation) 选择排序算法Selection sort algorithm选择服务Selective Service自引用Self-reference自终止的程序Self-terminating program语义分析Semantic analysis语义网Semantic net语义学Semantics语义网络Semantic Web信号量SemaphoreSempron(cpu)（AMD公司生产的CPU）哨兵Sentinel顺序文件Sequential file序列模式分析Sequential pattern analysis顺序查找算法Sequential search algorithm复杂度complexity of串行通信Serial communication服务器Server服务器端Server-side小服务程序Servlet集合理论Set theorySGML 参见Standard Generalized Markup Language Shamir, Adi（人名）共享锁Shared lock外壳Shell兄弟结点（树）Siblings (in a tree)符号位Sign bit单指令流多数据流SIMD面向模拟的研究Simulation oriented research单指令流单数据流SISDSloan, Alfred（人名）滤波Smoothing嗅探软件Sniffing software社会保障局Social Security Administration软件Software软件分析员Software analyst软件工程Software engineering软件生命周期Software life cycle软件需求文档Software requirements document 软件检验Software verification源版本Source (version of web page)源程序Source program空间复杂性Space complexity兜售信息（垃圾邮件）Spam垃圾邮件过滤器Spam filters专用寄存器Special-purpose register规格说明（软件）Specifications (of software)欺骗Spoofing假脱机Spooling电子制表软件系统Spreadsheet systems间谍软件SpywareSQL 参见Structured Query LanguageSSH 参见Secure shellSSL 参见Secure sockets layer栈Stack栈指针Stack pointer标准通用标记语言Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) 标准模板库Standard Template Library (STL)星型网络拓扑Star network topology挨饿Starvation状态State进程of process产生式系统of production system图灵机of Turing machine状态图State graph状态字Status word逐步求精Stepwise refinementStibitz, George（人名）存储程序概念Stored program concept流Stream强人工智能Strong AI强类型Strongly typed人名Stroustrup, Bjarne结构图Structure chart结构化程序设计Structured programming结构化查询语言Structured Query Language (SQL)结构化审查Structured walkthrough子程序Subprogram子例程Subroutine子模式Subschema实质相似Substantial similarity子树Subtree后继函数Successor functionSun Microsystems公司Sun Microsystems超级用户Super user监督学习Supervised training交换机Switch符号表Symbol table突触Synapse同步动态存储器Synchronous DRAM句法分析Syntactic analysis语法Syntax语法图Syntax diagram系统文档System documentation系统需求System requirements系统软件System software系统规格说明System specificationsSystem/360 (IBM)(IBM公司推出的System/360系列的计算机)T标记Tag (in markup language)表尾Tail (of a list)尾指针Tail pointer任务TaskTCP参见Transmission Control ProtocolTCP/IP协议组TCP/IP protocols技术文档Technical documentation远程登录Telnet暂时模糊Temporal masking终结符Terminal (in a syntax diagram)终端结点Terminal node结束条件Termination condition测试并置位指令Test-and-set instruction测试Testing (software)文本编辑Text editor文本文件Text file文本文件Text file (FTP)上世纪80年代中期，医学界使用的一台基于计算机技术的电子加速放射治疗仪Therac-25 第三代语言Third-generation languageThoreau, Henry David（人名）线程Thread阈值Threshold吞吐量Throughput抛弃式原型法Throwaway prototyping图象数据压缩系统Tagged Image File Format的缩写TIFF时间复杂性Time complexity分时机制Time-sharing时间片Time sliceTLD 参见Top-level domain令牌Token (in a network)令牌Token (in a translator)令牌环协议Token ring protocol自上而下方法Top-down methodology顶级域名Top-level domain (TLD)栈顶Top of stack拓扑结构（网络）Topology (of a network)Torvalds, Linus（人名）汉诺塔Towers of Hanoi磁道Track商业秘密法案Trade secret law训练集Training set事务文件Transaction file无理函数Transcendental functions传输速率Transfer rate翻译Translation翻译器Translator传输控制协议Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)运输层Transport layer (Internet)旅行商问题Traveling salesman problem树Tree三角函数Trigonometric functions特洛伊木马Trojan horseTrueType（一种描绘如何绘制文本符号的系统，由微软公司和苹果计算机公司研制开发）截断误差Truncation error元组（关系）Tuple (in a relation)阿兰•M•图灵Turing, Alan M.图灵可计算的Turing computable图灵机Turing machine图灵测试Turing test键开系统Turn key system二进制补码（two’s complement）记数法Two’s complement notationType 参见Data typeUUDP 参见User Datagram ProtocolUML 参见Unified Modeling Language无条件转移Unconditional jump由硬件及软件的多家主导厂商共同研制开发的代码Unicode单一化Unification统一建模语言Unified Modeling Language (UML)统一资源定位符Uniform resource locator (URL)通用程序设计语言Universal programming language通用串行总线Universal serial bus (USB)赫尔辛基大学University of Helsinki宾西法尼亚大学University of PennsylvaniaUNIX（Mac OS的核心，Mac OS是苹果公司发布的归类于微型机的一种操作系统）无人机Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)不可解问题Unsolvable problemURL 参见Uniform resource locator美国爱国者法案USA PATRIOT ActUSB 参见Universal serial bus美国国防部U.S. Department of Defense用例Use case用例图Use case diagram用户数据报协议User Datagram Protocol (UDP)用户自定义数据类型User-defined data type用户文档User documentation功利主义Utilitarianism实用软件Utility softwareV确认测试Validation testing变量Variable变长编码Variable-length codes矢量（图像表示）Vector (image representation)检验（软件）Verification (of software)虚拟内存Virtual memory病毒VirusVisual Basic（微软开发的一种面向对象的程序设计语言）网络电话Voice over InternetVoice over IP 参见Voice over Internet网络电话VOIP. Voice over Internetvon Helmholtz, H. （人名）冯．诺依曼体系结构von Neumann architecture冯．诺依曼阻塞von Neumann bottleneck冯．诺伊曼，约翰von Neumann, JohnWW3 参见World Wide WebW3C 参见World Wide Web ConsortiumWAN 参见Wide area network等待（进程）Wating (process)Waltz, D. （人名）瀑布模型Waterfall model弱人工智能Weak AI万维网Web网页Web page万维网服务器Web server网站Website权（处理单元）Weight (in a processing unit)加权和Weighted sumWeizenbaum, Joseph（人名）Welsh, Terry（人名）While控制结构While control structure广域网Wide area network (WAN)窗口管理程序Window manager窗口（图形用户接口中的）Window (in GUI)窗口（操作系统）Windows (operating system)字处理程序Word processor。