成人高等教育学士学位英语模拟试题及答案解析（20）(1~5/共20题)Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished .statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Spending 50 minutes with a cell phone close to your ear is enough to change brain cell activity in the part of the brain closest to the antenna. But whether that causes any harm is not clear, scientists at the National Institute of Health said at a conference last month, adding that the study will not likely settle concerns of a link between cell phones and brain cancer. "What we showed is glucose (葡萄糖) metabolism (a sign of brain activity) increases in the brain in people who were exposed to a cell phone in the area closest to the antenna," said Dr. Nora Volkow of the NIH, whose study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. The study was meant to examine how the brain reacts to electromagnetic fields caused by wireless phone signals.Volkow said she was surprised that the weak electromagnetic radiation from cell phones could affect brain activity, but she said the findings do not shed any light on whether cell phones cause cancer. "This study does not in any way indicate that. What the study does is to show the human brain is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation from cell phone exposures." Use of the devices has increased dramatically since they were introduced in the early 1955s, with about 5 billion cell phones now in use worldwide.Some studies have linked cell phone exposure to an increased risk of brain cancers, but a large study by the World Health Organization did not offer a clear answer to this. Volkow´s team studied 47 people who had their brain examined while a cell phone was turned on for 50 minutes and another while the phone was turned off. While there was no complete change in brain metabolism, they found a 7 percent increase in brain metabolism in the region closest to the cell phone antenna when the phone was on.Experts said the results were interesting, but urged that they be understood with great care. "Although the biological significance, if any, of increased glucose metabolism from too much cell phone exposure is unknown, the results require further investigation," Henry Lai of the University of Washington in the U. S. and Dr. Lennart Hardell of University Hospital in Sweden, wrote in an article in JAMA. "Much has to be done to further investigate and understand these effects." They wrote.第1题According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A.Cell phone use is dangerous.B.Cell phone use causes cancer.C.The human brain is an electromagnetic field.D.There are about 5 billion cell phone users in the world right now.第2题Doctor Volkow was astonished because______.A.her research has shed light on her understanding of cell phoneB.she found that cell phone exposure is harmful to human brainC.she found that using a cell phone for about 50 minutes could influence or change brainactivityD.human brain is not responsive to electromagnetic radiation第3题According to the passage, cell phones were launched______.A.in the late 1970sB.between 1955 and 1960C.in the late 1955 sD.in the early 1990s第4题What does the word "that" stand for in the second paragraph?A.Brain activity.B.Her research findings.C.The fact that cell phone use may cause cancer.D.Her research progress.第5题Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A.Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Harmful?B.Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Useful?C.Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Healthy?D.Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Weak?下一题(6~10/共20题)Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished .statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivating an unshown field) or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all) , were left more andmore to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always — supplementary factors.第6题Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?A.The Evolution of Insects.B.Environment and Heredity.cation: The Influence of the Environment.D.The Instincts of Animals.第7题What can be inferred from the example of the ant-lion in the first paragraph?A.Instincts of animals can lead to unreasonable reactions in strange situations.B.When it is engaged in a chain actions it cannot be interrupted.C.Environment and heredity are two supplementary factors in the evolution of insects.D.Along the lines of evolution heredity becomes less and environment more important.第8题Based on the example provided in the passage, we can tell that when a spider is removed to a new position where half of a net has been made, it will probably______.A.begin a completely new netB.destroy the half-netC.spin the test of the netD.take away from the net第9题Which of the following is true about habits according to the passage?A.They are natural endowments to living creatures.B.They are more important than instincts to all animals.C.They are subject to the formative influence of the environment.D.They are destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility in the evolution of human beings.第10题From the text, we can learn that environment and heredity are ______factors.A.totally independentpletely opposedC.always supplementaryD.generally identical上一题下一题(11~15/共20题)Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished .statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Increasingly, over the past ten years, people—especially young people—have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods. Foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today.Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the a-mount—but not the quality—of foods grown in commercial farming areas.Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are farms, for example , where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food, they also lay eggs which lack important vitamins.There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a non-essential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if it is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fiber.It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on "healthy eating".第11题People have become more interested in natural foods because______.A.they are more health consciousB.they want to taste all kinds of foodsC.natural foods are more delicious than processed foodsD.they want to return to nature第12题Soil that is rich in organic matters______.A.has had chemicals and fertilizers added to itB.contains vegetable matter that has not been consumedC.has been nourished by fertilizersD.already contains large quantities of vitamins and minerals第13题Chickens raised in poultry farms are all of the following EXCEPT that______.A.they are fed on food which is little better than garbageB.they live in very crowded conditionC.the eggs they lay lack vitaminsD.they are allowed to move about and eat freely第14题According to the passage, ______.A.people need sugar to give them energyB.sugar is bad for the healthC.the use of sugar is habit formingD.sugar only sweetens food, but provides us with nothing useful第15题The best title for this passage is______.A.People´s Growing Interest in Natural FoodsB.Natural Foods and Healthy DietC.Harmful Effects of SugarD.The Importance of Fiber in Foods上一题下一题(16~20/共20题)Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished .statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called "Ask Marilyn." People are invited to query Marilynvos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What´ s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It´ s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms; the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult andchildren´s version).Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant´s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age pecks, rather than simply dividing the mental are by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) , capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?" Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions. IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it´s knowing when to guess or what questions of skip.第16题Which of the following may be required in an intelligent test?A.Answering philosophical questions.B.Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.C.Telling the difference between certain concepts.D.Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.第17题What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?A.People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.B.More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.C.The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.D.Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.第18题People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant´s because______.A.the scores are obtained through different computational proceduresB.creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized nowC.vos Savant´s case is an extreme one that will not repeatD.the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed第19题We can conclude from the last paragraph that______.A.test scores may not be reliable indicators of one´ s abilityB.IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlatedC.testing involves a lot of guessworkD.traditional test are out of date第20题What is the author´s attitude towards IQ test?A.Supportive.B.Skeptical.C.Impartial.D.Biased.上一题下一题(1/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第21题We look forward to the day when the car will be replaced by some less dangerous______ of transport.A.methodsB.meansC.mannersD.ways上一题下一题(2/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第22题It´ s almost five years ______we saw each other last time.A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when上一题下一题(3/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第23题They have decided to put the meeting ______till next Monday.A.upB.onC.offD.forward上一题下一题(4/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第24题If you get into difficulties, don´t hesitate to ask ______advice.A.ofC.afterD.for上一题下一题(5/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第25题While we were on holiday, our neighbor took ______our house.A.notice ofB.care ofC.afterD.on上一题下一题(6/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第26题Students are expected to ______their classes regularly.eB.goC.attendD.follow上一题下一题(7/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第27题I was trying to get into the ______bus when I heard a voice from behind.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdsD.crowded上一题下一题(8/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第28题Honesty is the most important ______a man should have.A.effortC.qualityD.question上一题下一题(9/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第29题That student ______his hand every time I asked a question.A.made upB.put upC.roseD.arose上一题下一题(10/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第30题He spoke English so well that I took it for ______that he was an American.A.goodB.certainC.sureD.granted上一题下一题(11/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第31题I am very ______to you for your help.A.gratefulB.agreeableC.capableD.enjoyable上一题下一题(12/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第32题The two girls look exactly______ in appearance.A.sameC.likeD.same one上一题下一题(13/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第33题The children ______ happily in the classroom when the teacher came in.A.talkB.are talkingC.were talkingD.had talked上一题下一题(14/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第34题In the road accident the other day three people______, including the driver.A.killedB.were killedC.are killedD.have killed上一题下一题(15/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第35题Jim´s job is to keep his boss ______of the latest development of that product in Europe.rmB.to informrmedrming上一题下一题(16/29)Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.第36题The young man ______visited our school this morning is Maria´s brother.A.who。