被动语态一．概念表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。

①英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。

Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。

二．被动语态的用法(1) 动作的执行者很明显。

这时往往不用by 短语。

Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons.(2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

Some new computers were stolen last night.(3) 突出或强调动作的承受者。

如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。

The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。

三．构成形式由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。

四．主动语态变被动语态的方法My aunt invited me to her dinner party.↓↓↓执行者动词承受者→ I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.↓↓承受者谓语 by+执行者1).把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2).把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。

3).把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。

五．被动语态的特殊结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构。

其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。

通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。

其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.六．注意事项：1.不及物动词没有被动语态：happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)2.系动词没有被动语态：look, feel ,sound ,sm ell ,taste ….如：The dish tastes good .3.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well 如：This kind of skirt sells well.4. need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done .如：All the computers need repairing.=All the computers need to be repaired练习一．出下列句子是主动语态还是被动语态1、Novels entrance many readers.2、When will you paint your house?3、The check will be delivered when they are ready.4、Many countries are experiencing drought.5、Many countries have experienced drought.二：将下列句子变为被动语态1. We watched the children sing that morning.2. The wind blew his hat down the street3. They ask me to help them.4. He found the door close.5. They will send Cyril to prison.6. The secretary will mail these letters tomorrow.7. Someone ought to wash those dishes right way.8. The factory produced 5 000 cars every day.9. They will hold the charity show in the school hall.10. Nancy Jackson designed the CD-ROM.三．选择( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?A.Is; builtB.Was; bulitC.Does; buildD.Did; build( )2.An accident ____ on this road last week.A.has been happenedB.was happenedC.is happenedD.happened ( )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.A.is grownB.are grownC.growsD.grow( )4.Great changes ______ in China.A. are happenedB. was happenedC. has happenedD. have happened ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in th school hall next week.A.is givenB.has been givenC.will be givenD.gives( )6.How many trees ____ this year?A.are plantedB.will plantC.have been plantedD.planted( )7.These books ______. So many people are interested in them.A. are sold wellB. sell wellC. sell goodD. sell badly( )8.Neither of them ______ in China.A.is madeB.are madeC.were madeD.made( )9.If small trees ______, they will grow up quickly.A. take good care ofB. take good careC. are taken good care ofD. are taken good care( )10.Your shoes ____. You need a new pair.A.wear outB.worn outC.are worn outD.is worn( )11.The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( )12.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.A.did; useB.was; usedC.is; usedD.are; used( )13.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.A.knowsB.knewC.is knownD.was known( )14.Doctors ___ in every part of the world.A. needB. are needingC. are neededD. will need ( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent( )16.Who _____ this book _____?A.did; writtenB.was; written byC.did; writtenD.was;written ( )17.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.A.has asked toB.was asked toC.is askedD.asks to( )18.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.A.was told usB.was told to usC.is told usD.told us( )19.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.to jump( )20.The school bag ___ behind the chair.A.putsB.can be putC.can be puttedD.can put( )21.Older people ____ well.A.looks afterB.must be looked afterC.must look afterD.looked after四．用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空1. When _____ the first man-made satellite ______(send)up into space ?2. Last year vegetables ______ (grow) in the garden by Tom and he _____ (sell) them himself.3. She ______ (help)him with his homework tomorrow evening.4. How many magazines ______ ( can borrow) in your library every week ?5. John ______ (hear) to go upstairs two hours ago.6. －Who _____ (save) her father ? －He _____ (save) by that policeman.7. The doctor _____ (send for) because his grandpa was ill.8. Moon cakes ______ (make) by his mother every year . ______ your mother _____ (m ake) moon cakes for you every year ?9. Some toys ______ (buy) as a presents for these children last Monday.10. _____ paper ______ (make) of wood ?。